introduction to logics
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This document discusses definitions and types of meaning. It outlines five types of definitions: lexical, stipulative, precising, persuasive, and theoretical. It also discusses the purposes of definitions as showing relationships, removing ambiguity, reducing vagueness, increasing vocabulary, explaining concepts theoretically, and influencing attitudes. Techniques for defining terms include defining by example, ostensive definitions, quasi-ostensive definitions, definitions by genus and difference, and synonymous definitions. The document also outlines seven kinds of meaning: conceptual, connotative, social, affective, reflected, thematic, and collocative meaning.
introduction to logics
- 1. (Everything is Grounded In logic) Introduction to logic (Everything is Grounded In logic) Prepared by The students of BBA 2nd Semester • The Purpose of Definition • TheTypes of Definition • Various Kinds of Meaning • Techniques For Defining
- 2. Definition A definition is simply the meaning we assign to a word-symbol. Parts of Definition •Definiendum - the thing (i.e., the 'term') being defined •Definiens - the linguistic expression (i.e., the definition itself) of the definition, the qualities or properties asserted of the term
- 3. Types of Definitions Intensional - (connotation) Assigns meaning by indicating the qualities of term. Extensional - (denotation) Assigns meaning by indicating the members of class of the definiendum.
- 4. Types Of Definition Five Types Of Defination Theoreti cal Persuasiv e Precisi ng Stipula tive Lexic al
- 5. 1. Lexical Defination • The type of definition found in a dictionary. • It reduces ambiguity by providing a single, established meaning for a term. • Make term more precise. • It can be true or false.
- 6. 2. Stipulative Definition • Use to assign a new meaning to a term. • It can’t be correct or incorrect, only can ve differ from other definition. Example:
- 7. 3. Precising Defination • The type of definition NOT a dictionary. • They apply only to the situation in which they are used. • Eliminate the ambiguity or vagueness. • Combination of Lexical And
- 8. 4. Persuasive Definition • Attitude and emotions attached with a definition. • True or commenly accepted meaning of a term. • Defining a word with the aim of persuading the listner one way or another. • These definitions are common in
- 9. • Are often scientifc or philosophical in • Based on theories in which that term is a element. Example: H2O is not used to increase your vocabulary but to explain water’s structure. Word planet… we define this word on base of theories behind this. 5. Theoretical Definitions
- 10. Purpose of Definition 🔎📖 Definition: A statement that gives the meaning of a term. Six purposes of definitions 1. Show relationships. 2. Remove ambiguity. 3. Reduce vagueness. 4. Increase vocabulary. 5. Explain concepts theoretically. 6. Influence attitudes
- 11. 1. Show Relationships • When properly defined a term often gives some idea of the relationships which that term has with other terms. Example: cold - the absence of heat; hot - the presence of heat. The terms cold and hot show their relationship which in this example happens to be Cold Hot
- 12. 2. Remove Ambiguity • Words are ambiguous when they have more than one possible meaning. 3. Reduce Vagueness • A term is vague when its extent is unclear. Example: old...how old? tall...how tall?
- 13. 4. Increase vocabulary • One of the most important elements of education is learning the meaning of unfamiliar terms. • An increase in vocabulary means an increase in knowledge.
- 14. 5. Explain Concepts Theoretically • Because sometimes the word itself known, but the term is not understoood. Example: Water's relation to H20 6. Influence Attitudes • Often terms are defined, not necessarily for the purpose of clarifying their meaning, but in order to influence the attitudes and emotions of an audience.
- 15. Techniques Of Defining Six Techniques Of Defining Terms Definitions By Example Ostentive Definitions Quasi-Ostentive Definitions Definitions By Genus and Differences Operational Definitions Synonymous Definitions
- 16. Defining By Example • Another way children (and adults) are taught the meaning of words is by examples of them. • A child, upon asking her mother what money is, may be given a penny or shown a dollar bill.
- 17. Ostentive Definitions • An ostensive definition conveys the meaning of a term by pointing out examples. • It is usually accompanied with a gesture pointing to the object serving as an example, and for this reason is also often referred to as "definition by pointing".
- 18. Quasi-Ostentive Definition A variety of de • A variety of denotative definition that reliies upon gesture, in conjunction with a descriptive phrase. • A kind of Connotative definition that states that the term to be defined is correctly applied to a given case if and only if the performance of specified operations in that case yeilds a specified Operational Definitions
- 19. Definitions By Synonymous • InterWhen you look in a dictionary for the definition of a word, you often find a synonym (a word eiyh the same meaning) of a word listed. • This can be helpful, but only if you already understand the meaning of the synonym.
- 20. Definitions By Genus And Difference • A type of Connotative definition of a term tat first identifies the larger class of which the definiendum is a species or subclass, and then identifies the attributes that distinguishes the members of all other species from members of all other species in that genus.
- 21. Thematic Meaning Collocative Meaning Conceptual Meaning Reflected Meaning Connotative Meaning Social Meaning Affective Meaning Kinds Of Meaning What is Meaning? It is what a language expresses about the world we live in or any possible or imaginary worldMeaning is always the meaning of
- 22. 1:Conceptual meaning • The central factor or the core meaning linguistic communication. • Widely regarded as central factor in communication. • Also known as logical ,cognitive or denotative meaning.
- 23. 2:Connotative meaning • Connotative meaning is the communicative value of an over and above it's purely conceptual content. • Varies according to age,culture and individual.
- 24. 3:Social meaning • The meaning conveyed by the piece of language about the social context of its is called the social meaning. • We recognise some words or as being dialectical i.e as telling us something about the regional or social origin of the speaker.
- 25. 4:Affective meaning • A meaning which a piece of language conveys about the social of its use. • Refers to emotive association or of words evoked in the reader or
- 26. 5:Reflected Meaning • Reflective meaning arises when a word has more than one conceptual multiple conceptual meanings. • There is some kind of ambiguity E.g poetry
- 27. 6:Thematic meaning • What is communicated by the way in which the message is organized in of order and emphasis E.g passive and active
- 28. 7: Collocative Meaning • What is communicated through with words which tend to occure in the environment of another word. • It refers to the association of words because of its usual or habitual co- occurence with certain types of pretty collocates with girlsHandsome