Introduction to Operating Systems
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The document provides an overview of operating systems, detailing their functions, objectives, types, and services they provide. It describes the role of an operating system as an interface between applications and hardware and outlines various user interfaces, including graphical and command line interfaces. Additionally, it discusses multiple types of operating systems, such as real-time, single-user, multitasking, and multi-user systems, as well as enhancement options like utilities and antivirus software.
Introduction to Operating Systems
- 1. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Affiliated to G.G.S.IP.U, Delhi Operating Systems Topic: Introduction to Operating Systems Course: BCA Paper Code: BCA 301 Keywords: Operating System, Functions of Operating System
- 2. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Operating System Basics • Operating System • Operating System Objectives • Layers of Computer Systems • Services Provided by the Operating System • Functions of Operating Systems • Types of Operating Systems • Enhancing an OS
- 3. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Operating System • A program that controls the execution of application programs • An interface between applications and hardware
- 4. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Operating System Objectives • Convenience – Makes the computer more convenient to use • Efficiency – Allows computer system resources to be used in an efficient manner • Ability to evolve – Permit effective development, testing, and introduction of new system functions without interfering with service
- 5. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Layers of Computer System
- 6. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Services Provided by the Operating System • Program development – Editors and debuggers • Program execution • Access to I/O devices • Controlled access to files • System access
- 7. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Services Provided by the Operating System • Error detection and response – internal and external hardware errors • memory error • device failure – software errors • arithmetic overflow • access forbidden memory locations – operating system cannot grant request of application
- 8. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Services Provided by the Operating System • Accounting – collect statistics – monitor performance – used to anticipate future enhancements – used for billing users
- 9. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Functions of Operating Systems • Provide a user interface • Run programs • Manage hardware devices • Organized file storage
- 10. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Providing a User Interface • User interface – How a user interacts with a computer – Require different skill sets
- 11. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Providing a User Interface • Graphical user interface (GUI) – Most common interface • Windows, OS X, Gnome, KDE – Uses a mouse to control objects – Uses a desktop metaphor – Shortcuts open programs or documents – Open documents have additional objects – Task switching – Dialog boxes allow directed input
- 12. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Graphical User Interface
- 13. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Providing a User Interface • Command line interfaces – Older interface • DOS, Linux, UNIX – User types commands at a prompt – User must remember all commands – Included in all GUIs
- 14. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Command Line Interface
- 15. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Running Programs • Many different applications supported • System call – Provides consistent access to OS features • Share information between programs – Copy and paste – Object Linking and Embedding
- 16. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Managing Hardware • Programs need to access hardware • Interrupts – CPU is stopped – Hardware device is accessed • Device drivers control the hardware
- 17. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Organizing Files and Folders • Organized storage • Long file names • Folders can be created and nested • All storage devices work consistently
- 18. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Types of Operating Systems • Real-time operating system – Very fast small OS – Built into a device – Respond quickly to user input – MP3 players, Medical devices
- 19. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Types of Operating Systems • Single user/Single tasking OS – One user works on the system – Performs one task at a time – MS-DOS and Palm OS – Take up little space on disk – Run on inexpensive computers
- 20. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Single Tasking • Operating System cannot be able to take control back from the running process/task/application • In case if a process call an I/O Instruction then Processor must wait for I/O instruction to complete before preceding
- 21. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Types of Operating Systems • Single user/Multitasking OS – User performs many tasks at once – Most common form of OS – Windows XP and OS X – Require expensive computers – Tend to be complex
- 22. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Multitasking • Operating System can take control back from the running process and can give it to other. • When one job needs to wait for I/O, the processor can switch to the other job
- 23. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Types of Operating Systems • Multi user/Multitasking OS – Many users connect to one computer – Each user has a unique session – UNIX, Linux, and VMS – Maintenance can be easy – Requires a powerful computer
- 24. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Multi user/Multi tasking OS
- 25. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Enhancing an OS • Utilities – Provide services not included with OS – Goes beyond the four functions – Firewall, anti-virus and compression – Prices vary
- 26. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Enhancing an OS • Backup software – Archives files onto removable media – Ensures data integrity – Most OS include a backup package – Many third party packages exist
- 27. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Backup Software
- 28. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Enhancing an OS • Anti-virus software – Crucial utility – Finds, blocks and removes viruses – Must be updated regularly – McAfee and Norton Anti-Virus
- 29. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Enhancing an OS • Firewall – Crucial utility – Protects your computer from intruders – Makes computer invisible to hackers – Zone Labs is a home firewall – Cisco sells hardware firewalls
- 30. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Enhancing an OS • Intrusion detection – Often part of a firewall package – Announces attempts to breach security – Snort is a Linux based package
- 31. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Enhancing an OS • Screen savers – Crucial utility for command line systems • Prevents burn in – Merely fun for GUI systems – Screen saver decorates idle screens