Linux Environment
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The document discusses the operating system (OS) and focuses on Linux, detailing its history, features, advantages, and disadvantages. It highlights that Linux is an open-source and free OS that offers stability and security compared to Windows, as well as its structural differences. The document concludes by noting the wide adoption of Linux across various devices and applications.
Linux Environment
- 1. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Affiliated to Institution of G.G.S.IP.U, Delhi BCA,Linux Enviornment,20306 Priyanka Rattan Assistant Professor
- 2. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 What is an Operating System? • The operating system (OS) is the program which starts up when you turn on your computer and runs underneath all other programs - without it nothing would happen at all. • In simple terms, an operating system is a manager. It manages all the available resources on a computer, from the CPU to memory to hard disk accesses. • Tasks the operating system must perform: – Control Hardware - The operating system controls all the parts of the computer and attempts to get everything working together. – Run Applications - Another job the OS does is run application software. This would include word processors, web browsers, games, etc... – Manage Data and Files - The OS makes it easy for you to organize your computer. Through the OS you are able to do a number of things to data, including copy, move, delete, and rename it. This makes it much easier to find and organize what you have.
- 3. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 LINUX History • Linux a UNIX clone is a operating system that supports the concept of transparency. • In 1969,AT &T bell Lab introduced the UNIX operating system. This was based on C language. • In 1991,a undergraduate student Linus Torvalds at the university of Helsinki, Finland was working on a special educational experimental purpose operating system called Minix. • Linus Torvalds created it – with assistance from programmers around the world – First version 0.01 posted on Internet in August 1991 • Linus Torvald created his own version of Minix known as Linux.
- 4. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Features of Linux • Linux is Free. • Open source • Secure. • Multi-user • Multitasking • Linux is portable to any hardware platform. • Linux is very stable - computers running Linux almost never crash • Linux is very efficient it can smoothly manage extremely huge amounts of data • Linux comes with networking facilities • Linux is case sensitive i.e. WHO is not same as who
- 5. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Linux vs. Windows • Linux is free while windows operating system is not freely available. • Linux is open source right from the beginning while windows is not open source. • Microsoft is only liable for producing all the flavors of Windows, while various Linux distribution come from different companies. • Windows typically uses FAT32 or NTFS file systems while Linux typically uses the ext2 or ext3 file systems. • Windows lists all drives separately (A:,C:,D:, etc…), with “My Computer” at the highest level while Linux starts its highest level at “/” and drives can be mounted anywhere underneath it.
- 6. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Advantages • Linux is more secure than other OS • It does not infect from viruses • Linux uses ext2 file system which is superior in performance and reliability to file system provided by windows operating system • Linux provides advanced disk mangement(RAID)which makes it possible to automatically duplicate stored data on several hard drives. • Multi-user, multitasking,stable.
- 7. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Disadvantages • Slightly difficult to install and configure. • Difficult to learn for windows users or beginners.
- 8. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Linux Distributions
- 9. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Linux Distributions Distributions Home Page Red Hat Linux http://www.redhat.com/ Caldera OpenLinux http://www.caldera.com / SuSE Linux http://www.suse.com/ Corel Linux http://www.corel.com/
- 10. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Architecture of Linux User shell kernel
- 11. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Kernel • The kernel is a program that constitutes the central core of the OS. • Managing memory: Allocation and de- allocation of memory • Scheduling: Enabling each user to work efficiently • Organizing data transfer between I/O devices and memory • Accept the instructions from shell and execute them
- 12. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Shell • Shell is the OS command interpreter . • Shell is a program which interprets commands given by user. • Shell commands can be used to automate various programming tasks • It is the interface between user and the kernel. • Shell allows background processing • A variety of shells supported by Linux are: Bourne shell, Korn shell, C shell.
- 13. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Linux File System It follows tree or hierarchical directory structure. It starts with root directory. It is represented by forward slash(/). Data files are stored in directories (folders). – Directories may be nested as deep as needed. – A single disk can store thousand of file. – To manage these files, OS provides a file system. – Similar files can be grouped in a directory – Under the root directory, there are various directories.
- 14. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Conclusion • Linux is everywhere-from the high performance servers to mobile handsets and even airport kiosks where you can quickly get some news or arrange your travel.