Introduction to Paraphrasing
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The document focuses on academic integrity, specifically addressing plagiarism and paraphrasing techniques in an academic writing context. It emphasizes the importance of proper citations and provides a guide on how to effectively paraphrase while maintaining the original meaning, using strategies like changing sentence structure and synonyms. The unit aims to enhance students' understanding of academic writing standards to avoid dishonesty and improve their writing skills.
Introduction to Paraphrasing
- 1. PBI 1032 Academic Reading & Writing Unit 1c – Paraphrasing By Mr. Chuah Kee Man Email: chuahkeeman@gmail.com Centre for Language Studies, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
- 2. In the previous unit… Last week, we covered: The need to avoid academic dishonesty. The meaning of the terms “citations”, “reference list” and “referencing styles” The common APA styles for citations and referencing. Page 2
- 3. Unit Overview In this unit, we will learn: Different forms of plagiarism The basic guide in paraphrasing Different techniques in paraphrasing Page 3
- 4. (NSU, n.d.) Page 4 Part 1 - Plagiarism
- 5. Copied and yet demand good grades… (Fitz & Pirillo, nd.) Page 5
- 6. But it’s not just about the grades, it’s Integrity that matters most. Page 6
- 7. Reasons for plagiarising 40 35 30 25 20 35% Last minute work 15 10 5 0 Laziness Last-minute Ignorance work Nevet get caught others 25% Never get caught/ (Source: Chuah, 2011) No big deal Page 7
- 8. Tips in avoiding plagiarism Stop giving excuses to yourself. Use proper citations and referencing. Try to practise paraphrasing. Page 8
- 9. Citations & Referencing… , Page 9
- 10. Part 2 - PARAPHRASING Page 10
- 11. Kindness in the Rain Rain came pouring down Follow the same structure Sweeping the heat away & paraphrase this poem. Bringing cheers all around Showering love on a cozy day. In that moment of rainy joy I saw kindness blooming in humanity Like a child rescuing his toy I saw love flourishing in the city. Page 11
- 12. Kindness in the Rain Rain came pouring down Sweeping the heat away Bringing cheers all around Showering love on a cozy day. In that moment of rainy joy I saw kindness blooming in humanity Like a child rescuing his toy I saw love flourishing in the city. Tears came trickling down Washing the filth away Replacing grief and frown Adding smile to a rainy day. Page 12
- 13. Paraphrase this! Success does not consist in never making mistakes but in never making the same one a second time. - George Bernard Shaw (1920) Success is not measured by making no errors but in not repeating the same error (Shaw, 1920). Page 13
- 14. The Basic Guide 5 C’s Guide to Paraphrasing Comprehend – understand the text Change – change structure and words Combine – combine ideas if possible Check– check if the meaning is the same Cite – cite the external sources (Chuah, 2009) Page 14
- 15. Techniques in changing… Synonyms replacement Change of parts of speech (e.g. noun to verb, verb to noun) Change of sentence structure Reduction of Clauses Summarising Page 15
- 16. Synonyms Replacement Be extra careful when choosing the synonyms. Some words are “similar” but different. Some words have different meanings. E.g. iPad is mainly using blown-up iPhone apps iPad is mainly using exploded iPhone apps. enlarged Page 16
- 17. Change of Parts of Speech Parts of Speech – Noun, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, pronouns , preposition, conjunction and interjection. The common change – Noun to Verb, Verb to Noun or Adjectives to Noun. E.g. Malaysia develops its own eco-friendly cars… The development of eco-friendly cars in Malaysia… Page 17
- 18. Change of Sentence Structure Usual change o A is/are B change to B is/are A Social networks are platform for making friends. Platforms for making friends are social networks. o Active to Passive or Passive to Active The scientist uses the kit. The kit is used by the scientist. But don’t simply change! You are not Master Yoda! Page 18
- 19. Reduction of Clauses changing clauses (usually marked by who, that, when, while, whose, which) to phrases E.g. A car which is eco friendly… An eco-friendly car…. Page 19
- 20. Summarising One of the best way to avoid plagiarism is to summarise especially for longer statements/texts. Do not just simply cut the parts and combine. Try to understand the whole parts and rewrite. Page 20
- 21. Questions? Don’t forget to participate online! It counts! Page 21