introduction to the Art of Teaching.ppt
- 1. The Art & Science of Teaching (Pedagogy)
- 2. Outlines 1. What is teaching? 2. What is the purpose of teaching? 3. What is the process of teaching? 4. What are the types of teaching? 5. What are the various teaching methods? 6. What are the qualities of good teaching? 7. How best to teach? 8. How to assess your teaching?
- 4. What is teaching? • Teaching is a process intended for learning by inducing a behavioural change in the taught. • It is an art of communicating a message with impact on audience. • Pedagogy is an art or profession of teaching.
- 6. Why teaching • Teaching creates knowledge awareness and feelings in the taught and brings about behavioral change.
- 7. L3. PROCESS OF TEACHING
- 8. Teaching process • Teacher Message Taught • Well (CABS) prepared CLEAR, SENSITIZED AND RECEPTIVE ACCURATE BRIEF SPECIFIC • No Communication barriers
- 9. Learning cycle COGNITIVE DOMAIN KNOWING KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE PRACTICE PSYCHOMOTOR AFFECTIVE DOMAIN DOMAIN BEING DOING TEACHING
- 11. Teaching equips • Cognitive domain with knowledge and psychomotor domain with feelings and interest. • Both these domains affect the affective domain to do or practice. • If this practicing of teaching is done on regular basis with positive feeling ,liking for the subject , subject will be internally absorbed and retained (internalization) • Whenever the it is needed, the cognitive domain provides or recalls the stored facts and concepts automatically( automatism) • Then one can profess about the subject.
- 12. Who is a Professor? • Once the affective domain is enriched with knowledge and positive attitude Internalization of the subject ( subject will be assimilated) will occur. • Internalization will lead to development of automatism( recalling the concepts and the facts about subject automatically) and command over the subject. • Then he can profess about that subject (becomes a professor)
- 14. TYPES OF TEACHING • ACTIVE(LEARNER ORIENTED) • PASSIVE (TEACHER ORIENTED)
- 16. Teaching methods 1. Lecture 2. Discussion 3. Demonstration 4. Inquiry-based learning 5. Cooperative learning 6. Project-based learning 7. Experiential learning 8. Outdoor Education
- 17. 1. Lecture • 1. Lecture: • Strengths: • - Efficient for delivering large amounts of information to a large audience. • - Can provide a structured presentation of content. • - Suitable for introducing new topics or providing an overview. • Weaknesses: • - Limited student engagement and interaction. • - Passive learning for students. • - May not accommodate different learning styles or individual needs.
- 18. 2. Discussion • 2. Discussion: • Strengths: • - Encourages critical thinking and active participation. • - Fosters communication and collaboration skills. • - Allows for exploration of diverse perspectives and ideas. • Weaknesses: • - Requires effective facilitation to ensure all students participate. • - Can be time-consuming if discussions go off-topic. • - Some students may be hesitant to share their thoughts in a group setting.
- 19. 3. Demonstration: • 3. Demonstration: • Strengths: • - Provides visual and hands-on learning experiences. • - Effective for teaching practical skills. • - Enhances understanding through observation. • Weaknesses: • - Limited opportunity for students to practice on their own. • - May not address individual learning needs. • - Requires appropriate resources and equipment.
- 20. 4. Inquiry-based learning: • 4. Inquiry-based learning: • Strengths: • - Promotes curiosity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. • - Encourages active exploration and discovery. • - Engages students in the learning process. • Weaknesses: • - Requires careful planning and guidance to ensure learning objectives are met. • - Can be time-consuming. • - Students may need support in developing research and inquiry skills.
- 21. 5. Cooperative learning: • 5. Cooperative learning: • Strengths: • - Enhances teamwork and communication skills. • - Fosters a sense of shared responsibility and collaboration. • - Provides opportunities for peer learning and support. • Weaknesses: • - Group dynamics may impact individual participation and learning. • - Requires effective group management and monitoring. • - Individual accountability may be challenging to assess.
- 22. 6. Project-based learning: • 6. Project-based learning: • Strengths: • - Promotes critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity. • - Encourages student ownership and motivation. • - Integrates multiple subjects and real-world applications. • Weaknesses: • - Requires significant planning and time management. • - Assessment and grading can be complex. • - Students may require guidance to stay focused on learning objectives.
- 23. 7. Experiential learning: • 7. Experiential learning: • Strengths: • - Engages students through hands-on activities and real-life experiences. • - Promotes active learning and deep understanding. • - Enhances retention of knowledge and skills through personal involvement. • Weaknesses: • - Requires resources, planning, and coordination for experiential opportunities. • - Difficult to implement for certain subjects or concepts. • - May be challenging to assess and measure learning outcomes.
- 24. 8. Outdoor Education • 8. Outdoor education: • Strengths: • - Enhances environmental awareness and appreciation. • - Provides hands-on and experiential learning opportunities. • - Promotes physical activity and health. • Weaknesses: • - Weather conditions and logistical challenges may impact outdoor activities. • - Limited availability of outdoor spaces or resources. • - May require careful planning and risk management.
- 25. •L6. QUALITIES OF GOOD TEACHING
- 26. Criteria of good teaching • Good Concept ( thorough preparation) • Organized Content( lesson planning) • Good Quality and optimum quantity • Sequence • Relevance • Learner oriented
- 27. L7.How to teach?
- 28. TEACHING PRACTICE 1.SET INDUCTION 2.INTRODUCING TOPIC 3.TOPIC ORGANIZATION 4.REINFORCING OR STIMULATING 5.SUMMARIZING
- 29. Set induction • Bringing the mood of the audience into the topic. • Make sure that your audience is ready to receive the message you are going to deliver by any means which will make them attentive and receptive like: 1.Verbal questioning 2.Handouts 3.Problem/exercises
- 30. Introduction to the topic • Introduce the topic to the students by means of 1.Title 2.Learning objectives 3.Performance objectives
- 31. Organizing the topic • Prepare lesson plan keeping in mind 1.Relevance 2.Sequence 3.Editing 4.Time management
- 32. Reinforcement • Make the lesson both comprehensive and interesting by • Reinforcing with 1. Facts and figures 2. Problems/exercises 3. Giving Examples 4.Making it a two way lecture discussion by asking few questions( particularly the students who are not attentive.
- 33. Stimulation • Make it more interesting and lively by 1.Repetition of the main points 2.Stressing the important ones 3.Pauses to make something more effective 4.Relevant personal experiences 5.Purposeful body movements, gestures, voice modulations, eye contact etc.
- 34. Teacher is the main one • Teacher teaches ( not the black board, OHP or PPT)
- 35. Teaching flows • Teaching is a flow of thoughts ( stream of thoughts). • It is a continuous process , hence there should be no unwanted interruptions.
- 37. Summarizing • Summarize your lecture • By checking whether you have explained all the learning objectives you have chosen. • Just repeat your learning objectives giving stress on main points. • Please note that summarization is not evaluation or assessment of impact of your lecture. It completes just delivery of lecture, but does not measure the impact of lecture on the audience.
- 39. Impact assessment • Can be done in several ways • One sided (by teacher himself) • Two sided (teacher and student) • third party assessment
- 40. Evaluation • Self designed using the understanding of the learning objectives of the lecture as criteria. • Or • Basing on the basics of any lecture like the content, quality of presentation etc
- 41. Learning objectives score • You can give points to components of lecture and grade yourself or get it done by the student or third party. • Example: 10 marks score • 1 mark each for Set induction, Organizing lesson, Reinforcement, Stimulation, Vocal clarity, Expressions , Relevance, Sequence, Preparation of slides, Usefulness to the student, Excellent lecture= scored 8-10 points; good lecture=6-8 points; average lecture=4-6 points; poor lecture=<4 points
- 42. •Worthy points to remember regarding teaching
- 43. Teaching •Teaching is an art (not just reading from a book and reproducing in the class room).
- 44. Teaching dimensions • Teacher development is mutual with the student development and vice versa.
- 45. Managing the students Don’t throw the blame on the students for your failure to create an impact with your lecture. Students are immature, less skilled, emotional and You are mature, more skilled and composed. Best way to control the students is by giving them best lectures.
- 46. THANK YOU