![The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
AN APPLICATION-LEVEL PROTOCOL FOR
DISTRIBUTED, COLLABORATIVE, HYPERMEDIA
INFORMATION SYSTEMS. THROUGH
EXTENSION OF ITS REQUEST METHODS,
ERROR CODES AND HEADERS,AND
NEGOTIATION OF DATA REPRESENTATION,
IT ALLOWS SYSTEMSTO BE BUILT
INDEPENDENTLY OFTHE DATA BEING
TRANSFERRED. [RFC2616]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/session12-130610171851-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-the-Social-Semantic-Web-21-320.jpg)
![Notable datasets of the LOD cloud
LINKING OPEN DATA [HTTP://LINKEDDATA.ORG]:
COMMUNITY PROJECT STARTED IN 2007
DBPEDIA [HTTP://DBPEDIA.ORG] IS WIKIPEDIA IN
RDF WITH “MORE THAN 2.6 MILLION THINGS”
GEONAMES [HTTP://GEONAMES.ORG]: “OVER
EIGHT MILLION GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES”:
COORDINATES, ETC.
FREEBASE [HTTP://RDF.FREEBASE.COM/] “5203825
TOPICS 14110006 NAMED ENTITIES”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/session12-130610171851-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-the-Social-Semantic-Web-31-320.jpg)
Introduction to the Social Semantic Web
- 1. Social Semantic Web and its applications Day 1: The (Social) Semantic Web Maciej Dabrowski
- 2. What? 1. INTRODUCTIONTOTHE SEMANTIC WEB 2. PRINCIPLES OF LINKED DATA 3. THE SOCIAL SEMANTIC WEB 4. VALUE OFTHE SOCIAL SEMANTIC GRAPH
- 3. CLASSIC WEB TARGET CONSUMERS: HUMANS • MEANING IS NOT EXPLICIT GRANULARITY: DOCUMENT • CAN’T REFERTO SIMPLE STATEMENTS INTEGRATION AND REUSE: LIMITED • NO MEANINGFUL LINKS AND LOW AUTOMATION
- 4. LIMITATIONS • FINDING INFORMATION • RESOURCE IDENTIFICATION • DATA INTEGRATION • DATA AGGREGATION AND REUSE • DATA GRANULARITY • INFERENCE OF NEW INFORMATION
- 5. THE SEMANTIC WEB “THE SEMANTIC WEB IS AN EXTENSION OFTHE CURRENT WEB IN WHICH INFORMATION IS GIVEN WELL-DEFINED MEANING, BETTER ENABLING COMPUTERS AND PEOPLETO WORK IN COOPERATION.“ (TIM BERNERS-LEE, 2001)
- 6. IRELAND ?
- 7. Network of knowledge ENABLING INNOVATION AND INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY INTERCONNECTED UNIVERSAL ALL ENCOMPASSING ASSISTS HUMANS, ORGANISATIONS AND SYSTEMS WITH PROBLEM SOLVING
- 8. Two Key Ingredients: RDF RESOURCE DESCRIPTION FRAMEWORK GRAPH BASED DATA: NODES AND ARCS IDENTIFIES OBJECTS (URIS) INTERLINK INFORMATION (RELATIONSHIPS)
- 10. Two Key Ingredients: ontologies VOCABULARIES (ONTOLOGIES) PROVIDE SHARED UNDERSTANDING OF A DOMAIN ORGANISE KNOWLEDGE IN A MACHINE-COMPREHENSIBLE WAY GIVE AN EXPLOITABLE MEANING TOTHE DATA
- 11. SPARQL QUERY LANGUAGE FOR RDF DATA USES PATTERN MATCHING RECENTVERSION INCLUDES UPDATES HTTP://WWW.W3.ORG/TR/RDF-SPARQL-QUERY/ HTTP://WWW.W3.ORG/TR/SPARQL11-QUERY/
- 12. Linked Data A PRAGMATICVIEW ONTHE SEMANTIC WEB
- 13. Better machine-readible data Yahoo Google Rich Snippets
- 14. “Semantic Data” on the Web LINKED DATA / WEB OF DATA IS NOT THE SEMANTIC WEB FOCUES ONTHE DATA NO LOGIC INFERENCE A DIRECTION FORTHE FUTURE?
- 15. What is the Web of Data?
- 16. Linked Data Principles 1. USE URIS AS NAMES FORTHINGS 2. USE HTTP URIS SOTHAT PEOPLE CAN LOOK UPTHOSE NAMES 3. WHEN SOMEONE LOOKS UP A URI, PROVIDE USEFUL INFORMATION, USINGTHE STANDARDS (RDF*, SPARQL) 4. GOODTO LINKTO OTHER URIS SOTHAT THEY CAN DISCOVER MORETHINGS HTTP://WWW.W3.ORG/DESIGNISSUES/LINKEDDATA.HTML
- 17. STAR SCHEME MAKEYOUR DATA AVAILABLE ONTHE WEB MAKE IT AVAILABLE AS STRUCTURED DATA USE NON-PROPRIETARY FORMATS USE URISTO DENOTETHINGS, SO PEOPLE CAN POINT ATYOUR DATA LINKYOUR DATATO OTHER DATATO PROVIDE CONTEXT EXAMPLES: HTTP://5STARDATA.INFO/
- 18. BUILDING BLOCKS: URIS “TO BENEFIT FROM AND INCREASETHEVALUE OFTHE WORLD WIDE WEB,AGENTS SHOULD PROVIDE URIS AS IDENTIFIERS FOR RESOURCES” PAGES, PEOPLE, INTERESTS… HTTP://WWW.W3.ORG/TR/WEBARCH/
- 19. A UNIFORM RESOURCE IDENTIFIER COMPACT SEQUENCE OF CHARACTERS THAT IDENTIFIES AN ABSTRACT OR PHYSICAL RESOURCE FOO://EXAMPLE.COM:8042/OVER/THERE?NAME=FERRET#NOSE _/ __________________/___________/ __________/ __/ | | | | | SCHEME AUTHORITY PATH QUERY FRAGMENT
- 20. COOL URI SIMPLICITY, STABILITY AND MANAGEABILITY COOL URIS DON'T CHANGE” TIM BERNERS-LEE IN (1998)
- 21. The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) AN APPLICATION-LEVEL PROTOCOL FOR DISTRIBUTED, COLLABORATIVE, HYPERMEDIA INFORMATION SYSTEMS. THROUGH EXTENSION OF ITS REQUEST METHODS, ERROR CODES AND HEADERS,AND NEGOTIATION OF DATA REPRESENTATION, IT ALLOWS SYSTEMSTO BE BUILT INDEPENDENTLY OFTHE DATA BEING TRANSFERRED. [RFC2616]
- 22. HTTP: USEFUL DETAILS HTTP MESSAGES CONSIST OF REQUESTS FROM CLIENTTO SERVER AND RESPONSES FROM SERVERTO CLIENT SET OF METHODS IS PREDEFINED (SUCH AS GET, POST, ETC.), BUT CAN BE EXPANDED
- 23. HTTP: STATUS CODES INFORMATIONAL 1XX, PROVISIONAL RESPONSE SUCCESSFUL 2XX, REQUEST SUCCESSFULLY RECEIVED, UNDERSTOOD,AND ACCEPTED (201 CREATED) REDIRECTION 3XX, FURTHER ACTION NEEDSTO BE TAKEN BY USER AGENTTO FULFILLTHE REQUEST (301 MOVED PERMANENTLY) CLIENT ERROR 4XX, CLIENT ERRED (405 METHOD NOT ALLOWED) SERVER ERROR 5XX, SERVER ENCOUNTERED AN UNEXPECTED CONDITION (501 NOT IMPLEMENTED)
- 24. HTTP GET /html/rfc2616 HTTP/1.1! Host: tools.ietf.org! User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0! Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/ xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8! HTTP/1.x 200 OK! Date: Thu, 05 Mar 2009 08:17:33 GMT! Server: Apache/2.2.11! Content-Location: rfc2616.html! Last-Modified: Tue, 20 Jan 2009 09:16:04 GMT! Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8! REQUEST RESPONSE
- 26. CONTENT NEGOTIATION CONTENT NEGOTIATION ISTHE PROCESS OF SELECTINGTHE BEST REPRESENTATION FOR A GIVEN RESPONSE WHENTHERE ARE MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS AVAILABLE
- 27. Linking Open Data Project 27 May 2007
- 31. Notable datasets of the LOD cloud LINKING OPEN DATA [HTTP://LINKEDDATA.ORG]: COMMUNITY PROJECT STARTED IN 2007 DBPEDIA [HTTP://DBPEDIA.ORG] IS WIKIPEDIA IN RDF WITH “MORE THAN 2.6 MILLION THINGS” GEONAMES [HTTP://GEONAMES.ORG]: “OVER EIGHT MILLION GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES”: COORDINATES, ETC. FREEBASE [HTTP://RDF.FREEBASE.COM/] “5203825 TOPICS 14110006 NAMED ENTITIES”
- 32. Querying dbpedia PROGRAMMATICALLY: VIA SPARQL OR VIA USER INTERFACE ENDPOINT: HTTP:/DBPEDIA.ORG/SPARQL/ QUERIES: HTTP://DBPEDIA.ORG/ONLINEACCESS
- 34. Typical architectures of applications FROM: HEITMANN, B., ET AL.,“TOWARDS A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE FOR SEMANTIC WEB APPLICATIONS,” PROCEEDINGS OFTHE 1ST INT.WEB SCIENCE CONFERENCE, 2009 34
- 35. Social websites are like data silos image from pidgintech.com
- 36. Many isolated communities and their data image from pidgintech.com
- 37. Need ways to connect these islands image from pidgintech.com
- 38. Allowing users to move from one to another image from pidgintech.com
- 39. Enabling users to easily bring their data with them image from pidgintech.com
- 40. Semantics
- 42. Which ontologies to use ? 42
- 44. Prefix.cc
- 45. Extending ontologies ? IF EXISTING ONTOLOGIES ARE NOT ENOUGH: • CREATE A NEW ONE • EXTEND EXISTING ONES ! DECENTRALIZATION OF EXTENSIONS: • CREATE A SUBPROPERTY OF FOAF:KNOWS, “attendedLectureWith”, INYOUR OWN ONTOLOGY • PUBLISH IN ONYOUR OWN OR USE HTTP:// OPEN.VOCAB.ORG
- 46. Social semantic representation models USING ONTOLOGIESTO MODEL SOCIAL DATA
- 47. Two-way street SEMANTIC WEB CAN DESCRIBE PEOPLE, CONTENT OBJECTS ANDTHE CONNECTIONS THAT BINDTHEM ALLTOGETHER SOTHAT SOCIAL SPACES CAN INTEROPERATEVIA SEMANTICS OBJECT-CENTERED SOCIAL SPACES CAN SERVE AS RICH SOCIAL DATA SOURCES FOR SEMANTIC APPLICATIONS IMAGE FROM TINYURL.COM/HIGHWAY2
- 48. The Social Semantic Web
- 49. FRIEND OF A FRIEND (FOAF) AN ONTOLOGY FOR DESCRIBING PEOPLE ANDTHE RELATIONSHIPSTHAT EXIST BETWEENTHEM IDENTITY, PERSONAL PROFILES AND SOCIAL NETWORKS http://foaf-project.org/
- 50. FOAF at a glance
- 51. Distributed identity with FOAF
- 53. Semantically-Interlinked Online Communities (SIOC) ADDRESS INTEROPERABILITY ISSUES ONTHE SOCIAL WEB SIOC-PROJECT.ORG W3C MEMBER SUBMISSION IN 2007 DEPLOYED ON HUNDREDS OF SITES
- 55. SIOC core ontology classes and properties
- 57. Some applications using SIOC
- 59. RDFa in Drupal 7 DRUPAL CMS USED BY 2% OF ALL SITES (7% OF CMS), INCLUDING 24% OF GOV SITES DRUPAL 7 RELEASE HAS SEMANTIC WEB SUPPORT BUILT-IN RDFA (SIOC, FOAF, DUBLIN CORE, SKOS) DATA FOR BLOG POSTS, FORUMS, ETC. VIDEO AT WWW.SEMANTIC-DRUPAL.COM image from tinyurl.com/drupaper
- 62. image from tinyurl.com/orionw SIOC can be used to... ...PROVIDE A LAYER OF RDFA METADATA FROM A SOCIAL WEBSITE, E.G.TO ENHANCE SEARCH RESULTS SUPERCEDED BY SCHEMA.ORG? ...GET A COMPLETE REPRESENTATION/XML DUMP OF A SOCIAL WEBSITE (EXPORT, IMPORT) ...BE A NATIVE FORMAT FOR SOCIAL WEBSITES ...DO OTHER STUFF; JUST IMAGINE!
- 63. How much SSW data is out there? images (this one and later backgrounds) from publicdomainpictures.net
- 64. CommonCrawl MUEHLEISEN AND BIZER LDOW @ WWW 2012 1.5 BILLION WEB PAGES 3 BILLION RDF QUADS SIOC AVAILABLE FROM AT LEAST 22K PLDS (PAY-LEVEL DOMAINS) FOAF ON 27K PLDS Monday 2 July 2012 at webdatacommons.org/vocabulary-usage-analysis/index.html
- 66. OPO (online presence ontology) AIMSTO UNIFY PRESENCE INFORMATION AND STATUS NOTIFICATION PROCESSES ACROSS DIFFERENT SOCIAL SERVICES HELP SOLVETHE INFORMATION OVERLOAD ISSUE ATTHE SAMETIME, BY PROVIDING A MEANSTO IDENTIFY WHO / WHICH COMMUNITYTHE INFORMATION SHOULD REACH: SHARING SPACES
- 67. MOAT (meaning of a tag) MOAT-PROJECT.ORG A MODELTO DEFINE MEANINGS OFTAGS SPARQL → DBPEDIA.ORG/RESOURCE/ SPARQL USER-DRIVEN INTERLINKING TAGGED CONTENT ENTERS LINKED DATA WEB COLLABORATIVE APPROACHTOWARDSTHE SHARING OF MEANINGS IN A COMMUNITY image from tinyurl.com/whichapple
- 68. An ontology stack for the Social Semantic Web
- 70. SOCIAL GRAPH: SIMPLE LINKS
- 72. Summary OBJECT-CENTRED SOCIALITY REFERSTO HOW WE REALLY USE SOCIAL SPACES DESCRIBE PEOPLE, NETWORKS, CONTENT, PRESENCE, KNOWLEDGE,TAGS, ETC.WITH SEMANTICS NEW APPLICATIONS USING SEMANTICS ONTHE PUBLIC WEB AND IN ENTERPRISE INTRANETS LINK INFORMATION, PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES