INVESTIGATION ON HEAT TRANSFER PROPERTIES USING MICHELSON INTERFEROMETRY
- 1. Investigations on Heat Transfer Properties of Nano Fluid using Michelson Interferometry Project guide : Asst. Prof Anooplal B Mentor : Dr. Binoy Baby 1 Akash R S Febin Tom J Amal Dev Geo Jacob
- 2. Contents Introduction Motivation and Need Methodology Equipment and Technologies Analysis Results Conclusions References 2
- 3. Objective To determine the heat transfer characteristics of Nano fluid using Michelson Interferometry without disturbing the thermal flow field 3
- 4. Introduction Advances in nanotechnology have led to development of Nano fluids. Enhanced thermal characteristics of Nano fluids extends its application to cooling Interferometric technique used to measure physical effects of transparent media Study is made into the heat transfer characteristics of Nano Fluids using Michelson Interferometry 4
- 5. Motivation and Need Miniaturization of energy efficient heat transfer equipment in the advanced field of mechatronics, Biometrics, space technology and information technology. Poor Thermal Conductivity of Common Coolants So a non-intrusive optical imaging technique necessary is needed to understand the heat transfer characteristics. 5
- 6. Scope of the Project Knowledge of the heat transfer characteristics of Nano fluids is found to be very critical in deciding their suitability for thermal applications. Interferometry is a more accurate method for determination of different heat transfer parameters 6
- 8. Interferometry A family of techniques in which waves, usually electromagnetic are superimposed in order to extract information about waves. Combination of waves results in some meaningful property that is diagnostic to the original state of the wave 8
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- 10. ZnO Nano Particle • Nanoparticle size :50-100nm. • Properties • Good thermal conductivity • Easy availability in purity ranges from 94% to 99.9% • Low cost 10
- 11. Nano fluids Base fluids Water Oil Ethylene glycol Refrigerants Nanoparticles Oxides Metals Carbon Nanotubes Nano fluids are colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in common fluids 11
- 12. Preparation of ZnO Nano Fluid Nanoparticles were mixed with water at 0.1% volume It was then sonicated using ultrasonic mixer Sonix VCX 130 (20 kHz, 130 W) with amplitude of 123 μm for 32 minutes. This process was done in order to ensure uniform mixing of nanoparticles with water. 12
- 13. Equipment and Technologies Michelson Interferometer He Ne Laser Test Cell Heating Plate Thermocouple K type Vernier Calliper Digital Camera for image capture 13
- 14. MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER • Consists of a He Ne laser source, a beam splitter, two front-coated plane mirrors. 14
- 15. Equipment and Technologies Test Cell sensitivity 41 µV/°C 90% nickel, 10% chromium 95% nickel, 2% aluminum, 2% manganese and 1% silicon. Thermocouple K type 15 Dimensions 40*40*50mm Material-Glass
- 16. Equipment and Technologies Heating plate Made using Nichrome wire of 9m length and 40gauge Insulation provided by Mica coating and it is covered using stainless steel Maximum temperature of 300°C can be obtained at a power input of 100w and 220V. 16
- 17. Study of Experimental Setup 17
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- 19. Fringe Setting Air as medium Water as medium ZnO Nano fluid 19
- 20. Fringe setting with water as medium Initial fringe Deformed fringe 20
- 21. Fringe setting with ZnO Nano fluid as medium Initial Fringe Deformed Fringe 21
- 22. Analysis Processing images by MATLAB software and convert data to matrix format. Digitally subtract deformed fringe from initial fringe. Intensity profile of the resultant image were drawn over the distance between heat source(vertical plate) and thermocouple. From pixel coordinates and length between heat source and thermocouple determine the length of one pixel and width of heat source. A polynomial was fitted from the graph plotted using densities of medium at different temperature. With reference to the Lorentz- Lorenz relation is used to find the temperature at isotherms. 22
- 23. Digitally subtracted image for water 23 Thermocouple
- 24. Digitally subtracted image for ZnO Nano fluid 24 Thermocouple
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- 26. Analysis: Water Intensity profile Temperature profile 26 309.9 310 310.1 310.2 310.3 310.4 310.5 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 TEMPERATURE(K) DISTANCE (M) T Poly. (T) Intensity(cd)
- 27. Analysis: ZnO Nano fluid Intensity profile Temperature distribution 27 309.8 310 310.2 310.4 310.6 310.8 311 311.2 311.4 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005TEMPERATURE(K) DISTANCE(M) T Poly. (T) Intensity(cd)
- 28. Analysis From the graph the relationship between temperature and distance is obtained as T = -3E+06x3 + 24671x2 + 44.139x + 310 Slope of the graph dT/dx = 44.139K/m Heat flux, q = k* dT/dx Heat transfer coefficient, h = (k*dT/dx)/∆T Nusselt Number, Nu = hl/k 28
- 29. Results Heat transfer Characteristics Water ZnO Nano Fluid Heat flux, q W/m2 26.04201 115.5096 Heat transfer coefficient, h W/m2K 104.1901 169.8692 Nusselt Number (Nu) 7.063735 11.13897 29
- 30. Results and Discussion Heat transfer properties of 0.003% ZnO Nano fluids were studied. When compared to that of water heat transfer properties of ZnO Nano fluids was found to be more as indicated by increase in heat flux, heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt Number. 30
- 31. Conclusions ZnO based Nano fluids were prepared using two step method and its heat transfer characteristics were studied. Michelson interferometry was used as an intrusive technique to understand the temperature distribution. 31
- 32. References Binoy Baby, and C. B. Sobhan, “Investigations on Forced Convection in a Mesochannel with Irregular Cross Section,” JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER Vol. 27, No. 1, January–March 2013. Anooplal B, Binoy Baby, “Temperature Distribution Measurement by Michelson Interferometer,” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. Vol.4, Special Issue 12, September 2015. R. S. Vajjha, D. K. Das, and B. M. Mahagaonkar,” Density Measurement of Different Nanofluids and Their Comparison With Theory,” Petroleum Science and Technology, 01 April 2009. 32
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- 34. Analysis of fringes obtained for water Commands >> J=imread('e:362.jpg'); >> imshow(J) Warning: Image is too big to fit on screen; displaying at 67% > In imuitoolsprivateinitSize at 73 In imshow at 262 >> improfile Intensity Profile 34
- 35. Analysis of fringes obtained for ZnO Nanofluid Commands >> J=imread('e:362.jpg'); >> imshow(J) Warning: Image is too big to fit on screen; displaying at 67% > In imuitoolsprivateinitSize at 73 In imshow at 262 >> improfile Intensity Profile 35
- 36. Calculations Find the position of the isotherm. Value of 1pixel=(Total distacne)/(maximum pixel number). Find the temperature of isotherms using Glodstone relations. 36
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