IP address & Domain name
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IP addresses are numerical labels assigned to devices connected to a network that uses the Internet Protocol. They can be static or dynamically assigned. There are two main types: IPv4 and IPv6. IPv4 addresses are organized into five classes - A, B, C, D and E - which determine the number of networks and hosts. Domain names provide easy-to-remember addresses that map to IP addresses through the Domain Name System (DNS). DNS works by resolving domain names into IP addresses through a hierarchy of root, TLD and name servers.
IP address & Domain name
- 1. Computer Application Topic : IP Address & Domain Name
- 2. Group Members P r o f . V. B . S h a h I n s t i t u t e o f M a n a g e m e n t Roll No. Name 102 Trushal Antala 106 Pravin Chaudhari 116 Akshay Jain 123 Vishal Kanani
- 3. What is IP Address ? IP address is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.
- 4. IP address is same as mobile no. which is unique. It is provided to all the devices which are connected to internet or network. It consists 4 byte or 32 bit decimal number. IP addresses are managed by service providers and a central allocation system.
- 5. IP address assignment: Internet Protocol addresses are assigned newly each time, this is known as using a dynamic IP address, or permanently by fixed configuration of its hardware or software is known as using a static IP address.
- 6. IPv4 vs. IPv6: As the Internet and technology evolve, there has been an increasing demand for IP addresses. To help meet the demand for IP addresses, there are two types of addresses used today, IPv4 and IPv6. Although you may only deal with an IPv4 address in your local home, school, or small office you should also be aware of IPv6 addresses for when you encounter them. Example of an IPv4 address: 45.79.151.23 Example of an IPv6 address: 2601:681:4200:c5c0:516:f0bb:ac3b:46bd
- 7. IP address classes: CLASSES ADDRESS RENGE SUPPORTS A 1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254 Supports 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks. B 128.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254 Supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks. C 192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254 Supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks. D 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 Reserved for multicast groups. E 240.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.254 Reserved for future use, or Research and Purposes. With an IPv4 IP address, there are five classes of available IP ranges: Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E, while only A, B, and C are commonly used. Each class allows for a range of valid IP addresses, shown in the following table.
- 8. Class A IP Address: Class A IP addresses were used for networks that had a large number of hosts on the network. The class permitted up to 126 networks by using the first octet of the address for the network identification. it allow up to 126 networks with 17 million hosts per network. In a Class A address, the network number values start at the number 1 and end at 127.
- 9. Class B IP Address: Class B IP address were assigned to medium to large networks. They allow 16,384 networks by using the first two octets in the address for the network identification. This allows approximately 65,000 hosts per network. Class B network number values start at 128 and finish at 191.
- 10. Class C IP Address: Class C IP addresses were used in small LAN configurations. They allow for approximately 2 million networks by using the first three octets of the address for the network identification. This allows for 254 hosts per network. A Class C network number value starts at 192 and ends at 223.
- 11. Class D IP addresses were reserved for multicasting purposes. These addresses begin with an octet in the 224- 239 range. It includes addresses from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. Class E IP addresses are reserved for experimental use. The first octet of these addresses ranges between 240 and 255. This range is reserved by the IETF and similar to Class D networks, should not be assigned to a host device. Class D IP Address: Class E IP Address:
- 12. What is domain name? Domain Name System, or DNS, is the friendly naming system for giving addresses to web servers and web pages. The domain name system gives every server a memorable and easy-to-spell address. Simultaneously, the domain names hide the really technical IP address which most viewers aren't interested in.
- 13. Level of domains: Below the top-level domains in the domain name hierarchy are the second-level domain (SLD) names. These are the names directly to the left of .com, .net , and the other top-level domains. As an example, in the domain flipkart.com is the second-level domain. The top-level domains (TLDs) such as com, net and org are the highest level of domain names of the Internet. Every domain name ends with a top-level domain label. Next are third-level domains, which are written immediately to the left of a second-level domain. There can be fourth- and fifth-level domains, and so on, with virtually no limitation. An example of an operational domain name with four levels of domain labels is www.flipkart.com www.flipkart.com www.bbc.co.uk Third Second top fourth Third+second top
- 14. Types of top level domains: Geographical domain: Domain that falls under this category are named using 2 character country name which are specified by ISO(international standard org.) Example: .in .pk .us .uk Non geographical domain: Domain that falls under this category are named using 3 character that indicates the functionality of the organization. Example: .com .edu .org .gov
- 15. How DNS works ? 1. User request to the URL from web browser;
- 16. 2. web browser send request to local server or (ISP)(RESOLVER);
- 17. 3. If the URL is not at the local name server(resolver) then resolver sent the request to the Root domain server.
- 19. 4. The root domain provides the primary/TLD server to resolver/local name server and then sent resolver to the server which provide domain name.
- 20. 5. Finally requested URL gets IP address and send that IP address to the web browser.