IP Addressing.ppt
- 2. • Overview • What Is an IP Address? • Address Classes • Addressing Guidelines • What Is a Subnet Mask? • IPv6 Overview • IP Subnets
- 3. What Is an IP Address? 133.120.75.8 86 131.107.0.0 131.107.3.27 133.120.0.0 129.102.12.7 129.102.0.0 129.102.16. 2 90 94 MARIA AVE MARIA AVE
- 4. Network ID and Host ID Network ID Host ID 32 Bits w. x. y. z. 131.107.3.24 Example: Class B
- 5. Converting IP Addresses from Binary to Decimal 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 8 Bits 255 Decimal Value
- 6. Address Classes Class C w x y z Class A Network ID Host ID 0 Class B Network ID Host ID 1 0 Network ID Host ID 1 1 0
- 7. Address Class Summary Number of Networks 126 16,384 2,097,152 Number of Hosts per Network 16,777,214 65,534 254 Class A Class B Class C Range of Network IDs (First Octet) 1 – 126 128 – 191 192 – 223
- 8. Private IP Addresses Class RFC 1918 Internal Address Range A 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 B 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 C 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255
- 9. Addressing Guidelines • Network ID Cannot Be 127 – 127 is reserved for lookback functions • Network ID and Host ID Cannot Be 255 (All Bits Set to 1) – 255 is a broadcast address • Network ID and Host ID Cannot Be 0 (All Bits Set to 0) – 0 means “this network only” • Host ID Must Be Unique to the Network
- 10. Assigning Network IDs Router 1 2 3 124.x.y.z 192.121.73.z 131.107.y.z Router
- 11. Assigning Host IDs Router Router 124.0.0.27 124.0.0.28 124.0.0.29 131.107.0.27 131.107.0.28 131.107.0.29 192.121.73.1 124.0.0.1 192.121.73.2 131.107.0.1 124.x.y.z 192.121.73.z 131.107.0.z 1 2 3
- 12. What Is a Subnet Mask? • Distinguishes the Network ID from the Host ID • Used to Specify Whether the Destination Host is Local or Remote
- 13. Default Subnet Masks (No Subnetting) Bits Used for Subnet Mask Address Class Dotted Decimal Notation Class A Class B Class C 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 255.255.255.0 Class B Example 16.200 131.107. 0.0 255.255. 131.107. w.x. IP Address Subnet Mask Network ID Host ID 16.200 y.z
- 14. Determining the Destination of a Packet 10011111 11100000 00000111 10000001 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 10011111 11100000 00000000 00000000 IP Address Subnet Mask Result • Local and Destination Host’s Subnet Masks Are ANDed – 1 AND 1 = 1 – Other combinations = 0 – If ANDed results of source and destination hosts match, the destination is local.
- 15. • IPv6 Overview • IPv6 is short for "Internet Protocol Version 6". IPv6 is the "next generation" protocol designed by the IETF to replace the current version Internet Protocol, IP Version 4 ("IPv4"). • IPv6 use 128 bits to represent network addresses. 16 octets. Version Octects Bits Addresses Number IPv4 4 32 4,294,467,295 IPv6 16 128 3.4 x 1038
- 16. IPv4 and IPv6 IPv4 = 32 Bits = 4 octects IPv6 = 128 Bits = 16 octects Represented as: x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x where x is a 16-bit hexadecimal field • 2001:0DB8:010F:0001:0000:0000:0000:0ED1 • 2001:DB8:10F:1:0:0:0:ED1 • 2001:DB8:10F:1::ED1 More information on: http://www.ipv6.org/ http://www.cisco.com/ipv6/
- 17. • IP Subnets 131.107.3.27 Subnet 1 131.107.10.0 131.107.10.12 Subnet 2 131.107.3.0 131.107.12.7 131.107.12.0 131.107.12.31 Main Network • A subnet is a physical segment in a TCP/IP environment that uses IP addresses derived from a single network ID
- 18. Implementing Subnetting • Determine the Number of Required Network IDs – One for each subnet – One for each wide-area network connection • Determine the Number of Required Host IDs per Subnet – One for each TCP/IP host – One for each router interface • Define One Subnet Mask Based on Requirements • Define a Unique Subnet ID for Each Physical Segment Based on the Subnet Mask • Define Valid Host IDs for Each Subnet Based on the Subnet ID
- 19. Subnet Mask Bits Network ID Host ID 1 Subnet ID Number of Subnets 0 0 . . . 254 Number of Hosts 65,534 . . . 254 Example of Class B Address
- 20. Defining a Subnet Mask Convert the Number of Segments to Binary Count the Number of Required Bits Convert the Required Number of Bits to Decimal (High Order) 1 2 3 Example of Class B Address Number of Subnets Binary Value Convert to Decimal 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 = 6 (3 Bits) 4+2 255 . 255 . 224 . 0 11111111 11111111 11100000 00000000 Subnet Mask
- 21. Subnetting More than One Octet Network ID Host ID Subnet ID Number of Subnets 0 0 . . . 65,534 Number of Hosts 16,777,214 . . . 254 Example of Class A Address
- 22. Defining Subnet IDs 255 255 224 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000 = 0 00100000 = 32 01000000 = 64 01100000 = 96 10000000 = 128 10100000 = 160 11000000 = 192 11100000 = 224 1 2 3
- 23. Octet Values of a Subnet Mask 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 128 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 192 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 = 224 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 = 240 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 = 248 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 = 252 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 = 254 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 255 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 The decimal equivalent of the binary is typically used in an IP address.
- 24. Shortcut to Defining Subnet IDs List the Number of Bits (High Order) Used for Subnet Mask Convert the Bit with the Lowest Value to Decimal Increment the Value for Each Bit Combination 11000000 64 0 + 64 = 64 + 64 = 128 + 64 192 w.x.64.1 w.x.127.254 w.x.128.1 w.x.191.254 1 2 3
- 25. Defining Host IDs for a Subnet Subnet IDs Host ID Range Invalid x.y.32.1 – x.y.63.254 x.y.64.1 – x.y.95.254 x.y.96.1 – x.y.127.254 x.y.128.1 – x.y.159.254 x.y.160.1 – x.y.191.254 x.y.192.1 – x.y.223.254 Invalid 00000000 = 0 00100000 = 32 01000000 = 64 01100000 = 96 10000000 = 128 10100000 = 160 11000000 = 192 11100000 = 224 • Each Subnet ID Indicates the Beginning Value in a Range • The Ending Value Is One Less Than the Beginning Value of the Next Subnet ID
- 26. Example • You are assigned a Class C network number of 200.133.175.0. We will break this network into 14 subnets of 14 nodes each. Example of Class C Address Number of Subnets Binary Value Convert to Decimal 14 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 = 14 (4 Bits) 8+4+2 255 . 255 . 255 . 240 11111111 11111111 11111111 11110000 Subnet Mask
- 27. Example (Cont) NETWORK NUMBER NODE ADDRESSES BROADCAST ADDRESS 200.133.175.0 Reserved None 200.133.175.16 .17 thru .30 200.133.175.31 200.133.175.32 .33 thru .46 200.133.175.47 200.133.175.48 .49 thru .62 200.133.175.63 200.133.175.64 .65 thru .78 200.133.175.79 200.133.175.80 .81 thru .94 200.133.175.95 200.133.175.96 .97 thru .110 200.133.175.111 200.133.175.112 .113 thru .126 200.133.175.127 200.133.175.128 .129 thru .142 200.133.175.143 200.133.175.144 .145 thru .158 200.133.175.159 200.133.175.160 .161 thru .174 200.133.175.175 200.133.175.176 .177 thru .190 200.133.175.191 200.133.175.192 .193 thru .206 200.133.175.207 200.133.175.208 .209 thru .222 200.133.175.223 200.133.175.224 .225 thru .238 200.133.175.239 200.133.175.240 Reserved None
- 28. Exercise 1 IP Address/Subnet Mask Network Number Node Addresses Broadcast Address 136.197.64.0/20 136.197.79.255/20 82.34.12.1/21 80.41.191.255/18 192.198.210.197/27 225.0.0.5/32 63.11.0.35/14 127.10.43.15/29 126.155.103.250/23 209.8.8.79/28 221.30.173.89/29 171.30.125.216/25
- 29. Exercise 2 • You are assigned a Class C network number of 200.31.192.0/24. Use subnetting to: 10 Hosts 7 Hosts 2 Hosts 28 Hosts 24 Hosts