IRJET- A Review on Automatic Gate Crossing and IoT based Train Track Crack Detection System using IR Sensors

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 388
A Review on Automatic Gate Crossing and IOT based Train Track Crack
Detection System using IR Sensors
Vaishnavi H. Bavikarr1, Apurva V. Deshmukh2, Vishaka Koul3, J. S. Kharat4
1,2,3Student, Dept. of Computer Engineering, JSPMNTC College, Maharashtra, India
4Assistant Professor, Dept. of Computer Engineering, JSPMNTC College, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract - Railway system is the most commonly used transportation system especially in India. But due to miscommunication
about the railway schedules and lack of coordination, accidents happen. According to survey, 60 % of the accidents happeneither
at crossings or cracks in railway tracks. To avoid these situations it is necessary to have an accurate system for both of them. This
paper proposes a system which includes automatedrailway gatesatcrossingsandalsoautomaticcrackdetectioninrailwaytracks
and also to avoid the collision of two trains due to the same track. This model is implemented using sensor technique. The sensors
are placed at a certain distance from the gate and they detect the approaching train and accordingly control the operation of the
gate. After detecting the crack, the coordinates are tracked and sent back to control room for further actions.
This system includes IR sensors, LPC2148 microcontroller (64 pin) along with GPS and GSM modules. This system is going to be
developed by using Internet of Things (IOT) technology. This will help in detecting the cracks and functioning of gates get done
without any human intervention.
Key Words: IOT, LPC, GPS, GSM, Stepper motor.
1 INTRODUCTION
In all the transport systems, especially like railways, safety and reliability are important and considered the most. In recent
years, as railways have been the most effective transportation system in case of populated countries like India, management
regarding the highly increased traffic and transportation is mandatory. But this high density of traffic leads to the increase in
the number of accidents.
The railway system is a commonly used transport mode in India. It is also one of those systems that face a lot of challenges
due to human errors such as level cross accidents, collisions that happen due to broken track etc. A level cross, an intersection
of a road and a railway line, requires human coordination, the lack of which leads to accidents also the main problem about
railway analysis is detection of the crack in the location. If these problems are notcontrolledatearlystagestheymightleadtoa
number of derailments resulting in heavy loss of lives and properties.
There were gatekeepers used to work in traditional system level crossings to manage the level crossing and the gatekeeper
used to be instructed by the means of telephone at most of the level cross from the control room. But the amount of manual
errors that could occur at these level crosses was high because they are unsafe to perform withoutactual knowledgeaboutthe
train time table. Delay in the opening and closing of the gate couldleadtorailwayaccidentsToavoidthe errorsthat could occur
because of human intervention during the operation of gates and derailment due to crack, the proposed paper introduces the
concept of automation of railway gates and crack detection system has been modified by using IR sensors and IOT(Internetof
Things) technology which performs automatic gate operation and helps in the detection of the cracks in the track.
It is necessary to understand the fact that transportation system plays a key role in any country’s development agenda and
aspects. Railway system is the heart of the transportation. When it comes to the populated countries like India, maintenance
and governance of Railway system can be quite a bit complex. These complications surely lead to accidentsandsuchtragedies
happen during the Gate crossing and because of the cracks between rail tracks. To avoid such tragic incidents and to save
precious lives a system is being proposed which will include the automated gate crossing and detection of cracks in between
the railway tracks by using sensors and microcontroller which will make a precise,feasibleandeffectivesystemalongwiththe
highly considered safety and reliability of the transport where the precious lives will be valued and saved.

2 LITERATURE SURVEY
Sr. No. Title of the Paper Author Year of
Publishing
1. "Unmanned Level CrossingControllerandRail
Track Broken Detection System Using IR
Sensors and Internet of Things Technology"
Bharti S.Dhande , Utkarsha
S.Pacharaney
2017
2. “Automatic Railway Gate Control System’’ Acym Kottalil,
Abhijith S,Ajmal M,
Abhilash L ,Ajith Bab
2014
3. “Evolution of Railway Track Crack Detection
System”
Praav lad, Mansi Pawar: . 2014
4. “Programmable logic controllers for
Automatic of the Level Crossing’’
M.kornaszewska. 2010
Table 1: Literature survey table
Bharti Dhande, Utkarsha Pacharaney: "Unmanned Level Crossing Controller and Rail Track Broken DetectionSystemUsingIR
Sensors and Internet of Things Technology". International Conference on Inventive Communication and Computational
Technologies (ICICCT 2017) [1] this paper proposes the automation in gate control and crack detection using IR sensors and
stepper motor based on LPC 2148 microcontroller. The advantage includes less cost, low power, high accuracy, low power
consumption, less analysis time and main advantages in crack detection is that the system can be centrally managed using
internet of things technology and the exact location of the faulty track can be found out using hosted website (IOT) so that
many lives can be saved.
ACYM Kottali, Abhijith S., Ajmal M. M., Abhilash L. J., Ajith Bab, “Automatic Railway Gate Control System’’ International Journal
of Advanced Research in Electrical and InstrumentationEngineering,Vol.3,Issue 2, February 2014 [2], this paper proposed
crack detection on train track using ATmega 16A microcontroller. The circuit for the project is designed and set up in a
breadboard. It is found to be very reliable and stable. The circuit is able to control the railwaygateprecisely.ByusingATMEGA
16 it is enabled to achieve a fast response. The project is a necessary tool for today’s railway crossings due to the increased
number of accidents and also due to the problems occurring to the road passenger’swhilewaitinga longertimewhenthetrain
is passing.
Pranav lad, Mansi Pawar: “Evolution of Railway Track Crack Detection System” [3], this paper proposed ultrasonic and solid
works based train track crack detection. It shows a great impact on safety and maintenance. This paper has shown how to
perform flaw detection using USFD machine. It is reliable and accurately detected and signals are transferred immediately.
Ultrasonic waves collaborated with IR sensors and solid works has given an effective solution in the case of automated train
track crack detection.
Randeep Kushwah, Brij Bihari Chaubey, Jyotindra Kumar Singh,PrashantKumarDubey,Mr.Rahul Jaiswal ,“AutomaticRailway
Gate Control System ”: IJECS Volume 05 Issue 5 May 2016 Page No.16599-16602 [5], this paper proposed a system where it
deals with two things. Initially, it deals with the reduction of time for which the gate is being kept closed and then, to provide
safety to the road users by reducing the accidents. It has combined the IR sensors and transmitters withtheServocomponents
giving a reliable and safe circuit with more accuracy in locations.
3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed system consists of two parts:
a) Automated Gate control

b) Automated Crack detection
3.1 Automated railway gate control:
Gate control will be done using stepper motor where this stepper motor will mainly control the gaterotation.Track is
scanned before the arrival of the train and IR sensor will sense the arrival and gate will closed for other vehiclesand keptopen
for the train arriving on that track.
3.2 Automated train track crack detection
In the Crack detection system, before the start of the railway line scan the IR transmitter and receiver are activated.
After calibration, the GPS module starts reading the correct geographic coordinates. Both IR transmitter and receiver will be
placed straight line to each other on rail. During operation, when the light from the transmitter doesnotfall onreceiversothat
it gives result NO Crack found. And when light from the transmitter fall on receiver i.e. light deviates from the path because of
the crack in the railway track then it gives result as a crack found. To detect current location of the train in case of crack
detection, GPS receiver is used whose function is to receive the current latitude and longitudedata.Thislatitudeand longitude
date will be send by GSM to the IOT website.
This crack detection system is managed using Internet of things technology. OnIOT websitetheinformationabouttrainwill be
shown in terms of latitude, longitude, crack YES or NO and date.
CONCLUSION
The system proposed has been a very reliable one. This system can prevent heavy loss of life using internet of things
technology and IR sensor based system. The proposed unmanned railway gate crossing system performs automatic opening
and closing gate function without any human participation and also railway track broken system automatically detects faulty
railway track without human intervention. There are many advantages with the proposed system when compared with the
traditional system. The advantages include less cost, high accuracy, low power consumption, less analysis time and main
advantages in crack detection is that system can help to centrally manage everything using internet of things technology and
help to find the exact location of the faulty track using hosted website (IOT) so that many lives can be saved.
REFERENCES
[1] Bharti Dhande, Utkarsha Pacharaney: "UnmannedLevel CrossingControllerandRail Track Broken DetectionSystemUsing
IR Sensors and Internet of Things Technology". International Conference on Inventive Communication and Computational
Technologies(ICICCT 2017) .
[2] Acym Kottali, Abhijith S., Ajmal M. M., Abhilash L. J., Ajith Bab: “The Automatic Railway Gate Control System’’ International
Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol.3, Issue 2, February 2014.
[3] Praav lad, Mansi Pawar: “Evolution of Railway Track Crack Detection System” .
[4] Randeep kushwah, Brij Bihari Chaubey, Jyotindra Kumar Singh, Prashant Kumar Dubey, Mr. Rahul Jaiswal, “Automatic
Railway Gate Control System”: IJECS Volume 05 Issue 5 May 2016 Page No.16599-16602

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