IRJET- AIMS: Automatic Irrigation Monitoring System using WSN

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 04 | Apr-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1632
AIMS: Automatic Irrigation Monitoring System using WSN
Mr. Vikas Mane1, Mr. Sagar A. Kumbhar2, Mr. Ramesh Y. Chougale3, Mr. Jinendra N. Kapase4
1,2,3,4 Department of E&TC, Sanjeevan Engineering and Technology Institute, Panhala, Shivaji University,
Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.
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Abstract: For monitoring and control applications Wireless
Sensor Networks (WSNs) are most popular technology. The
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) provides a new direction of
research in agricultural and farming domain. Now days, in
various agricultural applications WSNs are mostly applied for
smart farming. As we know problem of wasting of water is
very much considerable in the farming. The water scarcity is
also major problem faced by farmers. The Indian farmers
mostly depend on rainy season. Some of the crops like ginger,
turmeric etc. require appropriate water. In this paper, by
considering all these problems Wireless sensor network
(WSN) is deployed on field and that will continuously
monitoring real time environmental soil moisture and
temperature parameters. And depending on soil condition,
required water supply will turn on using solenoid valve for a
particular field only, with improved farming. Wi-Fi
communication is used for the communication between nodes.
This is useful to minimize the wastage of water used in the
irrigation process. This project experimentation results clearly
shows that the system can effectively reduce the wastage of
waters compared to the traditional systems.
Keywords: Wireless sensor network, Soil moisture
sensor, ESP2866.
Introduction:
Agriculture is the backbone of an India’s economic
activity. Everywhere water scarcity is one of the major
problems faced by the farmer. In India, since agriculture is
one of the major economies, this situation is overhang.
There are various types of the irrigation systems like well
water irrigation, canal irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, furrow
irrigation etc. but the common problem of this all systems
are regarding to wastage of water.
The field surface of the farm is non-uniform all over.
It is somewhere up or decreasing in slope. In this case, the
supplied water is accumulated at one place. So the proper
water is not supplied at complete field. And, due to
accumulating water at one place causes the wastage of
water. There are few existing systems working for reducing
agriculture water consumption. But in these systems
watering is done without analyzing the soil parameters due
to which system apply non-uniform water to the soil. Also
the existing systems require human monitoring. In this
regard, we have proposed a wireless sensor network system
for irrigation management. The main propose of the
automating the process of irrigation is to save the wasting of
water. Also to save the consumption of the time required for
human monitoring purpose. An improved irrigation system
can contribute the efficient management of water used for
production of crops. For ensuring proper plant growth and
better crop productivity, it is highly necessary to make
water available to plants in the right time, at the right
location. Also it is highly necessary to make the system low
cost and affordable. This project focuses on the continuously
monitor the relevant soil parameters like moisture,
temperature to derive the references. These derived
references will be used for automatic control of the
irrigation system.
Related Work:
1) L. L. Pfitscher, D. P. Bernardon, L. M. Kopp, M. V. T.
Heckler, J. Behrens, P. B. Montani, B. Thomé.
Rice cropping farms are significant loads in power
systems due to the large amount of electrical energy
required by the irrigation system. In Brazil, power
companies invest in research to improve energy efficiency of
this type of load. This paper presents an automated
irrigation system based on supervisory control (SCADA) and
wireless communication. The main objective of the project is
to monitor and control the level of water in the crop, which
represents an important impact on energy efficiency and
water consumption. A specific characteristic of rice cropping
irrigation was taken into account, such as large distances
involved and different working schemes of water pumps. A
complete solution is presented and it includes equipment
description for reliable communication and supervisory
features.
2) Sunil More, Mininath Nighot.
In India sustainable agriculture development is
essential to meet food demands, economic growth and
poverty reduction. Climate change having adverse effect on
agriculture and traditional practices followed are planting,
fertilizing and harvesting against the predetermined
schedule. Precision agriculture can be used to mitigate the
climate change. The work objective is optimal usage of water
in irrigation, proper nutrient management to plant and
avoid crop losses due to diseases and pests with proper
scheduling of sprays. In this context, we have proposed an

agro advisory system for the pomegranate field. Wireless
sensor network is deployed on field and will continuously
monitoring real time environmental, soil, hydrological and
crop specific parameters. Those are important for growth,
productivity and quality in agriculture. An agro advisory will
be disseminated to the farmers according to real time field
conditions via SMS and email. The experimental result
analysis of proposed system shows improvement over
traditional followed methods.
3) Maria Culman, Jesus M. T. Portocarrero, Cesar D.
Guerrero, Cristihian Bayona, Jorge Luis Torres, Claudio
Miceli de Farias.
In this paper, a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
solution is proposed for soil’s condition measurement to
monitor oil palm plantations (PalmNET) according to
agricultural meteorological practices. The PalmNET
monitoring system is composed by a WSN used for in-field
soil’s condition measurement and a web-server interface for
data visualization. PalmNET can automatically collect soil
moisture data and transmit field data through a ZigBee
network to a web-server. The PalmNET proof of-concept is a
WSN built upon open-source hardware and software, which
includes two sensor nodes, a sink and a Gateway with a
GPRS module.
4) Divya P1, Surbhi Sonkiya2, Preeti Das2, Manjusha V. V.2,
Maneesha V. Ramesh1.
Water scarcity is one of the major problems faced
by the whole world. In India, this situation is aggravated
since agriculture is one of the major economies. As per the
statistics of 2009, India has 35.12% of total land under
irrigation. The objective of this work is to reduce the water
usage in irrigation processes. In this regard, we have
proposed a context aware wireless sensor network system
for irrigation management. This multi-sensor system will
continuously monitor the relevant environmental
parameters, hydrological parameters, soil parameters and
crop specific parameters to derive the context. These
derived contexts will be used for automatic control and
adaptation of the irrigation system. This context aware
system uses the real-time sensor data to minimize the
wastage of water used in the irrigation process. This
research has also proposed an innovative design for
horizontal angle adjustment of sprinkler nozzle using
stepper motor. This remotely controllable sprinkler system
can be wirelessly controlled, based on the decisions derived
from the multi-sensors deployed in the agriculture field. The
system also includes GSM module, which updates the user
about the watering decisions being taken and executed on
the fields. This paper describes the experimentation results
of this system and it clearly shows that the system can
effectively reduce water usage compared to the
conventional systems.
System analysis:
PROBLEM DEFINATION:
There are few existing systems working for
reducing the agriculture water consumption, but these
systems have some limitations. In these systems watering is
done without analyzing the soil properties due to which
system apply non-uniform water.
Also the system requires more human monitoring
and the time consumption is more for monitoring purpose.
So it requires modern technology to resolve this problem
and support better irrigation management. So developing a
system that will help to solve the problem that is related to
the water scarcity. Here facing a major problem related to
water. The water supply to the field is not proper to every
corner because the field surface is non-uniform. Due to non-
uniform field supplied water is accumulated at a particular
area. So the crop in that area gets more water than the
requirement. So this directly effects on growing the crop.
Also the water is wasted.
So to overcome this problem, developing a system
which analyses the soil parameters and according to which
water is given to the respective area only.
Architecture:
Fig 1: Architecture of WSN
In this architecture section an automatic irrigation
monitoring and controlling system using wireless sensor
network is established. The entire farm is divided into small
section by keeping in mind that the range of the Wi-Fi
employed on the nodes for communication. Here we observe
that the communication is been done via nodes so there are
gateway nodes and sensor nodes. All the data is send
through the sensor nodes to the gateway node.

Now the WSN are distributed properly so the
communication is spread over the entire field. This
networks are used in many industrial and consumer
applications, such as industrial process control and
monitoring. So this architecture is widely used in different
fields for different operations and have used it for
agriculture field to check the scarcity of the water level in
the field.
Proposed system:
Fig 2: Sensor Node
Fig 3: Valve Controlling Node
The above figure shows block diagram of sensor
node and valve controlling node. In the sensor node there
are two sensors: temperature and soil moisture sensor.
Temperature sensor senses the temperature and soil
moisture sensor senses the moisture contents in the soil.
In the program, threshold level is set. If the signal coming
from sensors is above threshold then the sensor node send
request to the valve controlling node to turn ON the solenoid
valve for that particular area. Now according to program the
solenoid valves will get activated by valve controlling node
and then the water supply will start to that area from where
the signal have arrived. Output of sensor is not exactly
matching to that of input ADC .To calibrate these values
from sensor, amplification with respective gain is required.
This is achieved by OP-amp based signal conditioning. So
here internally signal conditioning process is been done.
Signal conditioning is most important for achieving step
resolution with respect to ADC bit resolution. For ATmega
328p – 10 bit ADC resolution is possible. So we have use
microcontroller ATmega 328p.For communication between
nodes using the ESP 8266 advanced Wi-Fi module is used.
This Wi-Fi module is advanced Wi-Fi module which has
ability to connect multiple Wi-Fi and also we can feed
program to that model.
In this protocol, there are 3 sensor nodes and 1 valve
controlling node. Initially for all 3 sensor nodes, when the
soil moisture sensor is deep into the dry soil then sensor
senses that there is less water in that area so the signal is
send to the valve controlling node. Then it open the valves
and the water supply is given to the area where the water is
less. So it seems that the signal is passed to the valve
controlling node and the relay is ON and water supply is
started.
Figure 4 shown, when the soil moisture sensor is
deep into the wet soil. Then first relay get OFF as shown in
figure 5 and valve get OFF for node 1 area. Same as for node
3 and node 4 as shown in figure 7 and figure 9. Placing the
nodes by keeping in mind that the limited range of Wi-Fi. So
placing the sensor node 3 and sensor node 4 out of the range
of valve controlling node.
SOFTWARE:
1. Algorithm 1: Sensor node 1
1. Initialize AP
2. Start web server
3. Wait for request
If request
Send Analog sensor data
Goto 3
2. Algorithm 2: Sensor node 2 & 3
1. Initialize station mode
2. Connect to AP using SSID & PSWD
3. Start web server
4. Wait for request

If request
Send Analog sensor data
3. Algorithm 3: Main node
1. Initialize station mode
2. Connect to AP using SSID & PSWD
3. I. Send request to sensor node 1 using IP
II. Receive data
If data value < Threshold
Turn ON relay
else
Turn OFF relay
II. Receive data
Turn ON relay
else
Turn OFF relay
II. Receive data
Turn ON relay
else
Turn OFF relay
Result:
Fig 4: Sensor Node 1

Conclusion:
In this project, we have studied the concept of WSN,
where we came across that this project is quite helpful for
farmers. This project will reduce farmer’s workload such as
complete monitoring of water for crops. Here proper water
supply is given to the every corner of the field as
requirement. This also reduces the wastage of water. As well
the crops like Ginger, Turmeric etc. where proper water
supply needed, this project is more essential. So we have
developed this system such a way that this will be suitable
for farmers and crops for their better result. This way this
automatic irrigation system will make farming smart.
References:
1) Automatic Control of Irrigation Systems Aiming at High
Energy Efficiency in Rice Crops L. L. Pfitscher, D. P.
Bernardon, L. M. Kopp, M. V. T. Heckler, J. Behrens Electrical
Engineering Dept. Federal University of Pampa – UNIPAMPA
Alegrete, RS, Brazil P. B. Montani, B. Thomé Electrical
Engineering Dept. AES Sul Power Utility São Leopoldo, RS,
Brazil
2) An Agro Advisory for Pomegranate Field Using Wireless
Sensor Network Sunil More KJ College of Engineering and
Management Research Savitribai Phule Pune University,
Pune, India Mininath Nighot KJ College of Engineering and
Management Research Savitribai Phule Pune University,
Pune, India
3)Palm NET: an open-source wireless sensor network for oil
palm plantations Maria Culman, Jesus M. T.Portocarrero,
Cesar D. GuerreroUniversidad Autonoma deBucaramanga –
UNABColombia Cristihian Bayona, Jorge Luis Torres
Corporacion Centro de Investigacionen Palma de Aceite –
CENIPALMA Colombia Claudio Miceli de FariasUniversidade
Federal doRio de Janeiro – UFRJBrazil
4) CAWIS: Context Aware Wireless Irrigation System Divya
P1, Surbhi Sonkiya2, Preeti Das2, Manjusha V. V.2, Maneesha
5. Ramesh1 AMRITA center for Wireless Networks and
Applications1, Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering2
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham,
Kollam, India.

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IRJET- AIMS: Automatic Irrigation Monitoring System using WSN