IRJET- Controlling the Stator Flux Linkages to Improve Dynamic Behavior of Grid Connected Dfig based Wind Turbines Under LVRT Conditions

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3894
CONTROLLING THE STATOR FLUX LINKAGES TO IMPROVE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF
GRID CONNECTED DFIG BASED WIND TURBINES UNDER LVRT CONDITIONS
1 P. LOGANATHAN, 2 T. NIRMALA,
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vinayaka Mission’s
Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, Salem
2 PG Scholar, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda
Variyar Engineering College, Salem
ABSTRACT
This paper proposes a comprehensive study of the LVRT of grid connected DFIG-based wind
turbines. It provides a detailed investigation of the transient characteristics and the dynamic behavior of
DFIGs during symmetrical and asymmetrical grid voltage sags. A detailed theoretical study supported by
computer simulations is provided. A new rotor side control scheme for DFIG-based wind turbines to
enhance its LVRT capability during severe grid voltage sags. The proposed control strategy focuses on
mitigating the rotor-side voltage and current shock during abnormal grid conditions, without any
additional cost or reliability issues.
Keywords: Wind Turbine, LVRT-Gird, DFIG
INTRODUCTION
In recent years, there has been a huge increase in global demand for energy as a result of not only
industrial development, but also population growth. Consequently, the rise in consumption of traditional
fossil fuels has led to many serious problems such as energy shortages, pollution, global warming, the
shortfall of traditional fossil energy sources, and energy insecurity. These factors are driving the
development of renewable energy technologies, which are considered an essential part of a well-
balanced energy portfolio. Wind power is thought to be the most promising near-term alternative energy.
As renewable energy sources grow in popularity, wind power is currently one of the fastest growing
renewable sources of electrical energy. More than 54 GW of wind power was installed in 2016. With the
increased presence of wind energy in the power system over the last decade, a serious concern about its
influence on the dynamic behavior of the electric power network has arisen. Therefore, it becomes
essential that grid-connected wind turbines behave similarly to conventional power plants and support
the power network during normal and abnormal grid conditions. This has required many countries to
develop specific grid codes for operation and grid integration of wind turbines. Among these grid codes,
two main issues are of special concern for engineers in the area of power and energy, active and reactive
power control in normal conditions and Low-Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) capability during grid faults,
or more succinctly, Fault Ride-Through (FRT) capability. In addition to the progress made in the creation

of adequate grid codes for the proper utilization of wind energy, a significant improvement has been
achieved in the design and implementation of robust energy conversion systems that efficiently
transform wind energy. The Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine has become one
of the most favorable choices in wind power generation. This is due to the prominent advantages that it
has compared to the other energy conversion systems.
LITERATURE REVIEW
[2] “Comprehensive Analysis of the Dynamic Behavior of Grid-Connected DFIG-Based Wind
Turbines under LVRT Conditions” Power generation and grid stability have become key issues in the last
decade. The high penetration of large capacity wind generation into the electric power grid has led to
serious concerns about their influence on the dynamic behavior of power systems. The Low-Voltage Ride-
Through (LVRT) capability of wind turbines during grid faults is one of the core requirements to ensure
stability in the power grid during transients. The doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) offer several
advantages when utilized in wind turbines, but discussions about their LVRT capabilities are limited. This
paper presents a comprehensive study of the LVRT of grid-connected DFIG-based wind turbines. It
provides a detailed investigation of the transient characteristics and the dynamic behavior of DFIGs
during symmetrical and asymmetrical grid voltage sags. A detailed theoretical study supported by
computer simulations is provided.
[6] “Grid Connection Requirements and Solutions for DFIG Wind Turbines” As the number and
size of wind farms continue to grow, many countries have established or are developing a set of specific
requirements (i.e., grid codes) for operation and grid connection of wind farms. The objective of these
grid codes is to ensure that wind farms do not adversely affect the power system operation with respect
to security of supply, reliability and power quality. This paper reviews major grid code requirements for
wind farms, and investigates various technologies developed by and solutions proposed by researchers
and wind turbine manufactures in order to meet these requirements. In addition, some of the authors'
work on these issues are discussed and demonstrated by simulation studies.
[8] “Overview of different wind generator systems and their comparisons” presents the LVRT
characteristic, reviews the effect that voltage dips have on the operation of the different wind generator
topologies and considers the technical requirements for its realization. System studies demonstrate its
benefits while establishing a relationship between the shape of the characteristic and the strength of the
interconnection. Results suggest that for stronger systems the profile may be excessive whereas for weak
interconnections the demands placed upon the manufacturer are likely warranted.
[13] “Effect of low voltage ride through (LVRT) characteristic on voltage stability” The number of
wind installations has grown worldwide at unprecedented rates in recent years. As well, the average size
of the installations has increased due to the advent of larger capacity machine, variable speed technology,
and an increasing number of off-shore sites. This raises the concern that widespread tripping of wind

generators following disturbances could lead to propagation of transient instabilities and could
potentially cause local or system wide blackouts. This has provoked many utilities to adopt low voltage
ride-through (LVRT) for wind turbines. The requirement places an added interconnection cost on the
manufacturer and will influence the overall financing of the project.
CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM
The DC bus voltage and torque waveforms are regulated within limits. The DC bus voltage
oscillation is less than 100 volts, which falls within the safe operation area. The torque waveform doesn’t
have offset and its oscillation is damped out gradually. The conventional control has active power flow
from the turbine to the rotor side on DC magnetic field, which serves to explain the torque offset in Fig.
1.1. However, with the proposed control method, the rotor DC voltage and current are perpendicular to
one another, which do not introduce any active power to the rotor side.
Fig 1.1 DFIG DC bus voltage and torque during fault with the conventional vector control
strategy.

PROPOSED SYSTEM
This proposes a LVRT of grid-connected DFIGs. It gives a detailed investigation of the dynamic
behavior of DFIG-based wind turbines during different types of grid voltage sags. The analysis explicate
that the main reason for the dynamic response of the DFIG to a grid voltage transient is the DC (natural)
stator flux linkage component, which is a transient component that is fixed to the stator. It appears as the
magnetic field as continuous and maintain no discontinuity in the state variables of the generator. The DC
stator flux linkage component induces oscillations of rotor voltages in the rotor circuit. Depending on the
severity of the sag the voltage induced by natural flux can be much higher than the rotor rated voltage.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig 1.2 Block Diagram
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Fig 1.3 circuit diagram

CONTROL STRATEGY
The main objective of the control strategy is to accelerate the decay of the DC component of the
stator flux linkage. The changing rate of the stator DC flux linkage is associated with the stator resistance,
transmission line stray resistance and the DC component of the stator winding current. Therefore, there
are two ways to control the stator DC flux linkage:
 Changing the resistance of the stator winding.
 Applying active control to the DC component of the stator winding current.
Fig 1.4 Proposed rotor current control
The normal current control in slip frequency and the active current control in rotor speed
frequency for forced decay of stator DC flux together. the controlled current vector diagram for forced
decay of stator DC flux. Fig 1.4 Illustrates Accelerate and eliminate the stator DC flux component means to
maximize the stator DC current. Here we attempt to maximize the DC damping effect by aligning the rotor
current in rotor frequency to the opposite direction of the stator DC flux. In this manner, the rotor current
will increase the stator current and speed up the DC flux decay for the stator.
The proposed and conventional control strategies are also compared in terms of DC bus voltage
and rotor electromagnetic torque. Fig. 1.1 shows those waveforms with a conventional control strategy
and Fig. 1.5 shows the novel proposed control strategy. In Fig. 1.5, the DC bus is overcharged during fault
and is far beyond the maximum voltage limit. The torque waveform with oscillation superimposed has a
constant offset, as shown in Fig. 1.1. Torque offset is generated by the DC magnetic field and the
oscillation is due to AC and DC magnetic field interaction.

Fig 1.5 DFIG DC bus voltage and torque during fault with the proposed
Control strategy
OUTPUT RESULT
SIMULATION RESULT HARDWARE RESULT
WIND GENERATE OUTPUT 12V 12V
GEAR BOX 1:20 1:300
INPUT VOLTAGE 12V 12V
INPUT AMPS 25amps 4.5amps
OUTPUT VOLTAGE 500V 230V
OUTPUT PHASE 3 PHASE 3 PHASE
ADVANTAGES
 Good low voltage raid through capabilities
 Better fault raid through capabilities

CONCLUSION
It provides a detailed investigation of the dynamic behavior of DFIG-based wind turbines during
different types of grid voltage sags. The analysis shows that the main reason behind the dynamic
response of the DFIG to a grid voltage transient is the DC (natural) stator flux linkage component, which
is a transient component that is fixed to the stator. It appears as the magnetic field and is continuous and
there is no discontinuity in the state variables of the generator. The DC stator flux linkage component
induces high oscillatory rotor voltages in the rotor circuit. Depending on the severity of the sag, the
voltage induced by natural flux can be much higher than the rotor rated voltage. Therefore, this will
result in the saturation of the rotor converter. In regards to the recurring grid faults, the analysis shows
that the voltage recovery of the first grid fault also introduces the stator natural flux. If this stator natural
flux still exists when the subsequent grid fault occurs, the stator natural flux produced by the voltage
recovery and by the next voltage sag may be superposed. This may cause the DFIG to fail to ride through
the recurring faults, even with the assistance of the rotor side crowbar. As a result, the FRT strategies
designed for single grid faults do not provide the best solution for the FRT of the DFIGs under recurring
grid faults. This paper also presents a detailed description of the most cited and commonly used LVRT
solutions for DFIG-based wind turbines by improving the RSC control strategies (active methods). It
describes the basic operation principle, as well as advantages and disadvantages of each proposed
solution. Finally, a new rotor-side control scheme to enhance the LVRT capability of DFIGs-based wind
turbines during severe grid voltage sags is proposed. The control strategy is directed at mitigating the
rotor-side voltage and current shock during abnormal grid conditions, without any additional cost or
reliability issues.
REFERENCES
[1] “Renewables 2016 global status report,” Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century
(REN21), November 2016
[2] Y. Alsmadi, L. Xu, F. Blaabjerg, A. Pina Ortega, and A. Wang, “Comprehensive Analysis of the Dynamic
Behavior of Grid-Connected DFIG-Based Wind Turbines under LVRT onditions,” In Proc. 2015IEEE Energy
Conversion Congress & Exposition (ECCE 2015),Montreal, Canada, 2015, pp. 4178 - 4187.
[3] W. Chen, F. Blaabjerg, N. Zhu, M. Chen and D. Xu, “Doubly fed induction generator wind turbine system
subject to symmetrical recurring grid faults”, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., early access, 2015.
[4] X. Kong, Z. Zhang, X. Yin and M. Wen, “Study of fault current characteristics of the DFIG considering
dynamic response of the RSC,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 278-287, June. 2014.
[5] “20% wind energy by 2030: increasing wind energy's contribution to U.S. electricity supply,” U.S.
Department of Energy, May 2008 (available online at: http://www.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro).

[6] W. Qiao and R.G. Harley, “Grid connection requirements and solutions for DFIG wind turbines,” In
Proc. IEEE Energy 2030 Conference, Atlanta, GA, 2008, pp. 1-8.
[7] J. Lopez, P. Sanchis, X. Roboam, and L. Marroyo, “Dynamic behavior of the doubly fed induction
generator during three-phase voltage dips,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 709 – 717,
Sept. 2007.
[8] H. Li and Z. Chen, “Overview of different wind generator systems and their comparisons,” IET
Renewable Power Generation, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 123-138, August 2007.
[9] I. Erlich, H. Wrede, and C. Feltes, “Dynamic behavior of DFIG-based wind turbines during grid faults,”
in Proc. 38th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Orlando, FL, USA, June 17-21, 2007, pp. 1195-
1200.
[10] S. Seman, J. Niiranen, S. Kanerva, A. Arkkio, and J. Saitz, “Performance study of a doubly fed wind-
power induction generator under network disturbances,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 21, no. 4, pp.
883 – 890, December 2006.
[11] FERC - Interconnection of Wind Energy, 18 CFR Part 35, Docket No. RM05-4-001; Order No. 661-A
December 12, 2005.
[12] J. Morren and S.W.H. de Haan, “Ridethrough of wind turbines with doubly-fed induction generator
during a voltage dip,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 435 – 441, June 2005.
[13] C. Abbey and G. Joos, “Effect of low voltage ride through (LVRT) characteristic on voltage stability,”
in Proc. IEEE PES General Meeting, San Francisco, CA, USA, June 12-16, 2005, pp. 1901-1907.
[14] A. Hansen, P. Sorensen, F. Iov, and F. Blaabjerg, “Review of contemporary wind turbine concepts and
their market penetration,” Wind & Solar Energy journal, vol. 28, issue 3, 2004.
[15] V. Akhmatov, “Analysis of dynamic behavior of electric power systems with large amount of wind
power,” Ph.D. thesis, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, 2003

IRJET- Controlling the Stator Flux Linkages to Improve Dynamic Behavior of Grid Connected Dfig based Wind Turbines Under LVRT Conditions

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to IRJET- Controlling the Stator Flux Linkages to Improve Dynamic Behavior of Grid Connected Dfig based Wind Turbines Under LVRT Conditions (20)

More from IRJET Journal (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

IRJET- Controlling the Stator Flux Linkages to Improve Dynamic Behavior of Grid Connected Dfig based Wind Turbines Under LVRT Conditions