IRJET- Design & Implementation of Black Box in Automobiles System

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1262
DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION OF BLACK BOX IN AUTOMOBILES SYSTEM
Sahil .S. Rangari1, Sumedh .S. Moon2, Saurabh .R. Funde3, Subrato .P. Dixit4, O.G.Hastak5
1,2,3,4 Dept.of E&TC, Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
5Assistant Professor,Dept.of E&TC,Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract - Accidents are rapidly increasing in numbers in
our over crowded cities. So, we are designing a device for
vehicle which will not only prevent the accidents but will also
look over the safety of the driver. The Automobile Black Box
has functions similar to an airplane black box. It is used to
analyze the cause of vehicular accidents and prevent the loss
of life and property arising from vehicle accidents. This paper
proposes a prototype of an Automobile Black Box System that
can be installed into vehicles. The system also involves the
improvement of the security by preventing the damage of the
Black Box data.
An Events Data Recorder (EDR) is a device which is used to
record the movement parameter of a vehicle mainly used for
accident analyzes purposes and for safety measures.Thereare
many EDR has designed for automobiles, howevertheyhaveto
be physically connected to sensors integrated with the car's
engine and system. This research will be continued in the near
future by researching new features such as data compression,
security, low energy, and more safety measures.
Key Words: Black Box, EDR (EventDataRecorder),ARM7
Processor.
1.INTRODUCTION
In day to day life vehicle accident is a major problem in
many cities. This problem is still increasing innumberdueto
poor riding behaviors such as driving at high speed, drunk
driving, riding without safety etc. Car black boxes is having
logical feature and functions considering that more people
die in car accidents than an airplane crashes. Black box in
aircraft help to determine the cause of an airplane accident
and car black box helps us to determine what has caused a
car accident. The causesof car accident are not to difficult to
investigate as plane crashes. They are particularly valuable
when no witness are present during the accident and when
each drivers has his/her own version of event .Carblackbox
is a digital electronics device, which is used during the
investigation of the accident which records and store
vehicles speed ,vehicle temperature,vibration,distancefrom
obstacles ,real time and vehicle other status information .
EEPROM is used for recording the data. Event data recorder
holds the proof of the accident and it is useful for the police
in investigation and for Insurance company, as they can ﬁnd
out what really caused the accident.
1.1 Proposed Block Diagram
In this section, the proposed block diagram shows the
general idea about how we are going to make this project
along with the other peripherals. Some sensors are used in
this prototype for safety purposes. The ARM processor are
based on RISC architecture and this architecture has
provided small implementation, and very low power
consumption.
2. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM.

This section shows the circuit diagram of the Black Box in
which we used the ARM7 processor along with the other
peripherals. This block diagram shows the connection of all
the sensors to the processor. This circuit diagram has been
made in PROTEUS 8.0 software. It is easy to use and simple
but effective interface.
This block diagram consists of:
1. POWER SUPPLY:
In the power supply, LPC2148 workson 3.3 V power supply.
LM 75 is used for generating 3.3 V supply. However, basic
peripherals like LCD, Motor Driver IC works on 5V. So AC
mains supply is converted into 5V. LM 75 is used to convert
5V into 3.3V. Power supply has been made by
Transformer: It is used to step down 230V AC to 9V AC
supply. It also provides isolation between power grids and
circuit.
Rectiﬁer: It is used to convert AC supply into DC.
Filter: It is used to reduce ripple factor of DC output from
rectiﬁer end.
Regulator: It is used to regulate DC supply output.
2. Reset Circuit:
Reset BUTTON: It is essential in the system to avoid
programmingpitfallsand sometimesto manually bring back
the system to the initialization mode.
3. OSCILLATOR:
Oscillations are provided using a crystal and are necessary
for the system to work.
4. ARM 7 (LPC2148):
In ARM7 family,LPC2148 is widely used IC.ARMprocessoris
based on reduced instruction set computing (RISC)
architecture. The instruction set of ARM is uniform and fixed
in length. 32-bit ARM processor has two instruction set:
general 32 bit ARM instruction set and 16-bit Thumb
instruction set. It supports multiple stage pipelining in a
simple three stage pipeline, the instructions follow three
stages: Fetch, Decode and Execute.
TEMPERATURE SENSOR:(LM75):
The LM75 temperature sensor includesadelta-sigmaanalog-
to-digital converter, and a digital over temperature detector.
Thehost can query the LM75 through itsI2Cinterfacetoread
temperature at any time. The open-drain over temperature
output (OS) sinks current when the programmable
temperature limit is exceeded. The OS output operates in
either of two modes, comparator or interrupt.
Power-up is in comparator mode, with defaults of TOS =
+80°C and THYST = +75°C. The 3.0V to 5.5V supply voltage
range, low supply current, and I2C interface make the LM75
ideal for many applications in thermal management and
protection.

BELT SENSOR:
Belt sensor indicates whether seat belts are fastened. In our
prototype we have used Audio Jack as a Belt sensor. This is
ensured by checking if the button connectedispressedornot
.One push button is used to detect place of the seat belt
during the drive. The push button is placed on the seat belt
and gives logic ’zero’ when the belt is used and logic ‘one’
when the belt is not placed by the driver.
DOOR SENSOR (leaf switch):
In our prototype we use leaf switch as a door sensor to
ensure that whether the door is closed or open. As this leaf
switch is connected, it givesthelogic ‘one’ that means dooris
closed and if it gives the logic ‘zero’ it means leaf switch is
separated from each other and door is open.
RTC (REAL TIME CLOCK):
Real time clock (RTC) as the name recommends our clock
module. The DS1307 real time clock IC is an eight pin device
using an I2Cinterface. The clock /calendarprovidesseconds,
minutes, hours, day, date, month and year qualified data.
OPTOCOUPLER:
In our prototype, we used MOC7811 as an opto coupler to
identifying the speed of vehicle wheels. This opto coupler
modulewith an IR transmitter & a photodiodemountedonit.
This is normally used asa positional sensor switchtofindout
the position of the wheel. It consists of IR LED and
photodiode mounted face each other and closed in plastic
body. cut the circuit from LED and photo diode, we use
interrupt to calculate the rotation speed of the wheel.
RS232:
RS232is the standard serial communication system which is
used to transfer the information from microcontroller to
personal computer(PC) through some variety of information
cable. The pin configuration of RS 232 and its interfacing to
the microcontroller using MAX232.
DATA RETRIEVING FROM EEPROM:
EEPROM is a computer memory chip that maintains stored
information without requiring a power source.
Asthe accidentoccur, every detailof the sensoriscalculated
and stored in memory.These values are very usefultoknow
how the accidentoccurred.This storeddataoftheaccidentis
useful for police to investigate the case and to the Insurance
company. As we get the values or data from black box which
is connected to personal computer by using RS232 cable.
These I2C-compatible electrically erasable programmable
memory (EEPROM) devices are organized as 8192 x 8 bits
(M24C64) and 4096 x 8 bits (M24C32). I2C uses a two-wire
serial interface, comprising a bi-directional data line and a
clock line. The devices carry a built-in 4-bit Device Type
Identifier code (1010) in accordance with the I2C bus
definition.
PROPOSED APPROACH:
In this section, our proposed approach is that we made two
updates in our prototype. These updates are of safety
features in the black box system such as –

 Infrared sensor.
 Gas sensor(smoke detector)
INFRARED SENSOR :
The infrared sensor is to measure the minimum distance
from the vehicle. IR sensor generate high frequency sound
wave and evaluate the heat being emitted by an object and
detecting motion which is received back by the sensor. Its
distance sensing range is 2cm to 3cm.
GAS SENSOR (Smoke Detector):
A gas detectoris a device thatdetects the presence ofgasesin
an area, often as part of a safety system. This type of
equipment is used to detect a gas leak and interface with a
control system so a process can be automatically shut down.
1. Highly sensitive to LPG, Iso butane, Propane.
2. Sensitive to alcohol, smoke.
3. Fast response.
4. Stable and long life.
5. Simple drive circuit.
3. CONCLUSIONS
The project Black Box is successfully implemented on
embedded system which gave required resultsandexpected
functioning. (EDR) as the black box is officially called as
slowly gains an important device in investigation of car
accidents. We can easily retrieve the datafromtheBlackBox.
By recording the events and actions of the driver including
speed, braking, turning, etc. seconds before the collision,the
car black box will undoubtedly help both the police and
insurance companies in reconstruction of the events before
the accident. This data also has the potentialtoaugmentdata
in crash databases, by providing information especially
relating to system performances. This is also very helpful as
emergency medical services can be provided. This study is
conducted about the event data recorder but it will also
bring a number of benefits for the car’s owner.
REFERENCES
[1] International journal of Innovative Science and
Modern Engineering (IJISME) ISSN: 2319-6386,Volume
-2 Issue -11, October2014.
[2] P. Ajay Kumar Reddy, P. Dilip Kumar, K. Bhaskar
Reddy ,” BLACK BOX FOR VEHICLES” International
Journal of Engineering Inventions ISSN: 2278:7461,
Volume 1,Issue 7, October 2012.
[3] Prof.M.Nirmala,M.Dineshkumar,”Design_and
Implementation of automotive control features using
ARM”, Volume 2, Issue5,May2013.
[4] Varsha Goud ,V.Padmaja ,Departmentof ECE,VNR,VJIET,
Hydrabad ,AP,INDIA,” Vehicle Accident Automatic
Detection and Remote Device”, International Journal of
Reconfigurable and Embedded System (IJRES) Vol 1,
NO.2, July 2012.
Student, Department
of E&TC Enginering ,
Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
Sumedh Satyapal Moon:
Student, Department
of E&TC Enginering,
Saurabh Rajkumar Funde:
Student, Department
of E&TC Enginering,
Subrato Pradipkumar Dixit:
Student, Department
of E&TC Enginering,
2nd
Auth
or Photo
1’st Auth
or
Photo
BIOGRAPHIES
Sahil Sunil Rangari:

IRJET- Design & Implementation of Black Box in Automobiles System

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