IRJET- Implementation of Health Monitoring and Movement of Handicap Vechil using Pic Microcontroller

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2514
IMPLEMENTATION OF HEALTH MONITORING AND MOVEMENT OF
HANDICAP VECHIL USING PIC MICROCONTROLLER
Ms. Chandralekha. R1, Mr. Balaji Vignesh. L.K 2
1Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AAA College of Engineering and Technology, TN, India.
2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AAA College of Engineering and
Technology, TN, India.
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Abstract - Here is implemented a home navigation system,
which comprises of a wheelchair which works on the inputs
such as gesture and voice commands via an android phone
and navigates according to command. It can be used by an
elderly or physically challenged person to move inside the
home without any difficulty. It’s common that the elders and
the physically challenged people find ithardtomovethe wheel
chair without external aid. By making use of HNS, elderly and
the physically challenged can movetodifferentlocationsin the
particular house just by pronouncing the direction nameorby
making the movement of the android phone they will be
provided with. It is also equipped with obstacle avoidance
technique, where the person may notbeabletoprovideproper
command at the right time. A security threat message can be
sent through the mobile phone to predefined number, if the
user feels to be found in danger.
Key Words: Wheel chair, Sensors, Android phone, Health
Monitoring.
1. INTRODUCTION
The most common image of disability is the people
in wheelchairs. Wheelchairs are used by people who find
themselves unequipped to move without external aid. The
special needs of the elderly may differ from that of a
physically challenged person or a large individual but they
all have “special needs” and often require someassistance to
perform their daily routine. The physically challenged
people, who use a normal wheelchair for navigation, usually
require an external person to move around. In this busy
world, the elderly people may be left alone at home and also
may not find an apt person for external help. Here comesthe
need of an automated home navigation system, which
consists of a wheelchair which can be used by the elderly
and the physically challenged people without the help of an
external person. The proposed HNS can be operated using
voices and the gestures of the provided android mobile
phone. An important feature is that the personal security of
the person who is using the wheelchair is also taken care. If
the person feels uncomfortable or insecure, he can send a
message to a predefined number using the speech to text
(STT) function in the mobile phone.
1.1 EXISTING SYSTEM
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I. BLOCK DIAGRAM
II. WORKING
In this system there are two input devices, speech
recognition system and touch screen. In order to select a
specific input device we are using a switch that is when the
switch=1 voice recognition system is considered and when
switch=0 touch screen is considered.Theoutputofthetouch
screen is analog in nature, to digitize these signals we are
using in-built six channel ADC of ATMEGA8microcontroller.
On receiving the Signal the microcontroller directs the
motors through the control circuit. In this, two DCbrushless
motors are used for controlling the two wheels of the chair
independently. The different directions of motions possible
are: rd: Both the motors in the forward direction.
Left:
Left motor stopped/Right motor in the forward direction.
Right: Right motor stopped/Left motor in the forward
direction. The code is written in arduino such that the speed
of the motors is controlled by using PWM output pins of

arduino. The motors are controlled withfourdifferentspeed
levels that is with 100% duty cycle, 75% duty cycle,
50%duty cycle, 25% duty cycle.
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
A. HM2007 The voice recognition IC HM2007 is
capable of operating in speaker independent speech
recognition mode. In speech recognition mode, first, the
voice is recorded to the external SRAM attached to the IC
with the help of a directly connected microphone at the
analog input terminal of HM2007 keeping the mode
selection key in the record mode. In this way 40 0.9second
long words or 20 1.92-second long words or phrases can be
recorded into the memory. After training the voice
recognition IC like above the mode selection key is switched
to voice input mode. Here at a particular instant the speech
through the microphone is compared with the recorded
sound and according to that digital output is generated. The
output of voice recognition IC is then fed to the digital input
ports of the ATMEGA 8 microcontroller.Themicrocontroller
on receiving the Signal directs the motors through the
control circuit. The control of speed and direction are done
in this way. The change of direction is achieved by changing
the direction of current flow through the motor and speed
control is achieved by varying the current through the
motor. The Communication ofHM2007withmicrocontroller
follows the protocol given below: 1. Microcontroller
indicates on the S-bus that it is ready to receive the
HM2007's status. 2. HM2007 indicates its status on the K-
bus. 3. Microcontroller switches its pins connected to the
HM2007's K-bus to inputs and reads status from the K-bus.
4. Microcontroller switches its pins connected to the
HM2007's K-bus to outputs and writes a command to the
Kbus. 5. Microcontroller indicates on the S-bus that the
HM2007 should read the K-bus for a command. 6. HM2007
reads the K-bus for the command. 7. HM2007 responds to
the command and places the results on the K-bus. 8.
Microcontroller reads the K-bus to determine the result of
the command.
B. Touch Screen Sensor
This is a 4-wireanalogresistivetouchscreen.Thatis
by touching the screen at one point, resistance between
edges is formed for both the x and y axis. As you move your
finger across the screen the resistance changes between
opposite sides of each axis. By applying voltage across each
axis, a change in resistance results in a change in voltage.
Thus a simple ADC with a microcontrollercanbeusedtofind
x and y positions. Add this touch screen to any LCD of
requirement. Readings are taken by applying 5V across two
of the pins and performing an analogtodigital conversionon
the other two pins. The full X and Y position can be achieved
by using only 4 GPIOs.
In this project we are using touch screen as an input device
for the system. First we will observe the analog values for
different positions on touch screen. Depending on these
values complete touch screen module is divided into eight
quadrants. Among them four quadrants are used for
direction control that is forforward,backward,leftandright.
Remaining four are used for speed control where for each
quadrant we will assign the duty cycle at receiverend. When
we touch in 1st quadrant motor runs with 100% duty cycle,
when we touch in 2nd quadrant motor runs with 75% duty
cycle, when we touch in 3rd quadrant motor runs with 50%
duty cycle, and when 4th quadrant is pressed motor runs
with 25% duty cycle.
C. Arduino(ATMEGA 8) the microcontroller on the
board is programmed using the arduino programming
language and arduino development environment. Arduino
programming provides a number of libraries to make
programming easier. The most simplest of these are
functions to control and read the I/O pins. In this project
touch screen output is connected to analog pins of the
arduino and the speech recognition sensor output is
connected to the digital pins of the arduino. The arduino
programming is written such that, based on the switch state
the touch screen or the speech recognition sensor output
values are processed and the direction and speed of the
motors and thus the wheels are controlled through the
motor driver circuit.
2. PROPOSED SYSTEM
 The Tongue Drive Systemallowshandicappedusers
move around their wheelchairs.
 In addition to the vehicle control, also monitor the
health conditions of the person using the vehicle.
 The output from these sensors are then given to
microcontroller for further processing. If the

microcontroller finds any abnormality in the health
condition of the handicap, it automatically sends
SMS to the pre defined number stored in it. This is
done with the help of GSM technology.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
TRANSMITTER:
RECEVIER:
HARDWARE DETAILS AND DESCRIPTION
POWER SUPPLY DETAILS
The ac voltage, typically 220V rms, is connectedtoa
transformer, which steps down the high ac voltage to low ac
voltage. A diode rectifier then provides a full-wave rectified
voltage that is initially filtered by a simple capacitor filter to
produce a dc voltage. This resulting dc voltage usually has
some ripple or ac voltage variation.
A regulator circuit removes the ripples and also
maintains the same dc value even if the input dc voltage
varies, or the load connected to the output dc voltage
changes. This voltage regulation is usually obtained using
one of the popular voltage regulator IC units.
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
TRANSFORMER:
The potential transformer will stepdownthepower
supply voltage (0-230V) to (0-6V) level. Then the secondary
of the potential transformer will be connected to the
precision rectifier, which is constructed with the help of op–
amp.
MICROCONTROLLER:
A microcontroller is one that has microprocessor
features together with internal memory, timer/counter, I/O
ports etc. The main use of a microcontroller is to control the
operation of a machine using a fixed program that is stored
in ROM and that does not change over the lifetime of the
system.
The microcontroller is a special purposedevice.For
example, the microcontroller chip in calculatorperformsthe
function of calculator alone, unless itsinternal programming
is changed. The basic microprocessor had 71% of its total
instructions as multi byte instructions. Each byte of a multi
byte instruction must be fetched from program memoryand
each fetch takes time.
This results in longer program byte counts and
slower execution time versus single byte instructions. But,
the basic microcontroller has 62% of its total instructionsas
multi byte instructions. Hence the program is morecompact
and runs faster to accomplish similar tasks.
MICROPROCESSOR - HISTORY
4 bit microprocessor - Intel 4004
8 bit microprocessor - Intel 8008, 8080, 8085, Z80
16 bit microprocessor - Intel 8086, Z8000
32 bit microprocessor - Intel 80386, Intel 80486
MICROCONTROLLER - HISTORY
4 bit microcontroller - TMS 1000
8 bit microcontroller - 8048, 8051
16 bit microcontroller - MSP 430
32 bit microcontroller - C2000
64 bit microcontroller - TX4927TM
INTRODUCTION TO PIC:
The microcontroller that has been used for this
project is from PIC series. PIC microcontroller is the first
RISC based microcontroller fabricated in CMOS

(complementary metal oxide semiconductor) that uses
separate bus for instruction and data allowing simultaneous
access of program and data memory.
The main advantage of CMOS and RISC
combination is low power consumption resulting in a very
small chip size with a small pin count. Themainadvantageof
CMOS is that it has immunity to noise than other fabrication
techniques.
PIC (16F877):
Various microcontrollers offer different kinds of memories.
EEPROM, EPROM, FLASH etc. are some of the memories of
which FLASH is the most recently developed. Technology
that is used in pic16F877 is flash technology, so that data is
retained even when the power is switched off. Easy
Programming and Erasing are other features of PIC 16F877.
SPECIAL FEATURES OF PIC MICROCONTROLLER:
CORE FEATURES:
• High-performance RISC CPU
• Only 35 single word instructions to learn
• Single cycle instructions except for program branches
that have two cycles
• Operating speed: DC - 20 MHz clock input
DC - 200 ns instruction cycle
• Up to 8K x 14 words of Flash Program Memory,
Up to 368 x 8 bytes of Data Memory (RAM)
Up to 256 x 8 bytes of EEPROM data memory
• Pin out compatible to the PIC16C73/74/76/77
• Interrupt capability (up to 14 internal/external
• Eight level deep hardware stack
• Direct, indirect, and relative addressing modes
• Power-on Reset (POR)
PIN DIAGRAM OF PIC 16F877:
GLOBALSYSTEMFORMOBILECOMMUNICATIONS(GSM):
GSM (Global System for MobileCommunications),is
a standard set developed by the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe
protocols for second generation (2G) digital cellular
networks used by mobile phones. It became the de facto
global standard for mobile communications with over 80%
market share.

Base station subsystem
GSM is a cellular network, which means that cell
phones connect to it by searching for cells in the immediate
vicinity. There are five different cell sizes in a GSM
network—macro, micro, pico, femto, and umbrella cells.
The coverage area of each cell varies according to
the implementation environment. Macro cells can be
regarded as cells where the base stationantenna is installed
on a mast or a building above average rooftop level.
GSM Modem:
 This GSM Modem can accept any GSM network
operator SIM card and act just like a mobile
phone with its own unique phone number.
 Advantage of using this modem will be that you
can use its RS232 port to communicate and
develop embedded applications. Applications
like SMS Control, data transfer, remote control
and logging can be developed easily.
 The modem can either be connected to PC serial
port directly or to any microcontroller through
MAX232. It can be used to send and receive SMS
or make/receive voice calls.
This GSM Modem can accept any GSM network
operator SIM card and act just like a mobile phone with its
own unique phone number.
Advantage of using this modem will be that you can
use its RS232 port to communicate and develop embedded
applications. Applications like SMS Control, data transfer,
remote control and logging can be developed easily.
The modem can either be connected to PC serial
port directly or to any microcontroller through MAX232. It
can be used to send and receive SMS or make/receive voice
calls.
Features
 Status of Modem Indicated by LED
 Simple to Use & Low Cost
 On board switching type power supply regulator
 RS232 output
AT COMMANDS
Introduction
The following lists the AT control commands that a
device is expected to support, however, a device may
support more commands than listed.
For example, some phones support both AT+CGMI
and AT+GMI commands to retrieve the manufacturer name.
In the future, additional commands from the GSM
specifications 07.05 and 07.07 may be required, so it is
recommended that all device manufacturers fully comply
with GSM specifications.
The categories of control commands are:
 General Commands (GSM 07.07, Section 5)
 Call Control Commands (GSM 07.07, Section 6)
 Network Services Related Commands (GSM 07.07,
Section 7)
 Mobile Equipment Control and Status Commands
(GSM 07.07, Section 8)
 SMS Commands (GSM 07.05)
 Multiplexing Commands (GSM 07.10)
 Other Commands
 Phone-Specific Commands
General Commands (GSM 07.07, section 5)
Command Description
AT+CGMI Identify manufacturer
AT+CGMM Identify model
AT+CGMR Identify revision
AT+CGSN Identify serial number (of device,
not SIM card)
AT+CSCS Select character set

Call Control Commands (GSM 07.07, section 6)
Command Description
ATDnnn; Dial "nnn" in voice mode.
ATH Hangup the current call.
ATA Answer an incoming call.
RS232
SERIAL COMMUNICATION:
Many PCs and compatible computers are equipped withtwo
serial ports and one parallel port. Although these two types
of ports are used for communicating with external devices,
they work in different ways.
A parallel port sends and receives data eight bits at a time
over 8 separate wires. This allows data to be transferred
very quickly; however, the cable required is more bulky
because of the number of individual wires it must contain.
Parallel ports are typically used to connect a PC to a printer
and are rarely used for much else.
A serial port sends and receives data one bit at a time over
one wire. While it takes eight times as long to transfer each
byte of data this way, only a few wires are required. In fact,
two-way (full duplex) communications is possible with only
three separate wires - one to send, one to receive, and a
common signal ground wire.
 Bi-directional Communications
 Communicating by Bits
 The Parity Bit
 RS-232C
 DCE and DTE Devices
 9 to 25 Pin Adapters
 Baud vs. Bits per Second
 Cables, Null Modems, and Gender Changers
 Cables Lengths
 Gender Changers
 Null Modem Cables and Null Modem Adaptors
 Synchronous and Asynchronous Communications
Circuit working Description:
In this circuit the MAX 232 IC used as level logic converter.
The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver that includes a
capacitive voltage generator to supplyEIA232voltagelevels
from a single 5v supply. Each receiver converts EIA-232 to
5v TTL/CMOS levels. Each driver converts TLL/CMOS input
levels into EIA-232 levels.
In this circuit the microcontroller transmitter pin is
connected in the MAX232 T2IN pin which converts input 5v
TTL/CMOS level to RS232 level. Then T2OUT pin is
connected to receiver pin of 9 pin D type serial connector
which is directly connected to PC.
In PC the transmitting data is given to R2IN of MAX232
through transmitting pin of 9 pin D type connector which
converts the RS232 level to 5v TTL/CMOS level. The R2OUT
pin is connected to receiver pin of the microcontroller.
Likewise the data is transmitted and received between the
microcontroller and PC or other device vice versa.

Max232 pin diagram:
RF TRANSMITTER AND RF RECEIVER
General Description:
The 212 encoders are a series of CMOS LSIs for
remote control system applications. They are capable of
encoding information which consists of N address bits and
12-N data bits. Each address/data input can be set to one of
the two logic states 0 or 1. The programmed addresses/data
are transmitted together with the header bits via an RF
medium.
Features:
Operating voltage
_ 2.4V~5V for the HT12A
_ 2.4V~12V for the HT12E
_ Low power and high noise immunity CMOS
technology
_ Low standby current: 0.1_A (typ.) at VDD=5V
_ Four words for the HT12E
_ One word for the HT12A
_ Built-in oscillator needs only 5% resistor
_ Data code has positive polarity
_ Minimal external components
_ HT12A/E:
18-pinPin Configuration
ENCODER
The transmitter circuit is built using IC HT12E and TX
433.92Mhz module. The encoder HT12E has eight address
and another four address/ data lines. The data set on this
twelve-line (address and address/ data line) is serially
transmitted when the transmit enable pin TE is taken low.
The data output appears serially on the D out pin.Thedatais
transmitted in succession. It consists of different length of
positive going pulses for “1”& “0”. The frequency of these
pulses between 1.5 and 7Khz depending on the resistor
value between OSC 1 and OSC 2 pins. When transmit enable
pin is pulled to ground potential, the selected address and
data are available at D out, which is fed to data in of TX
433.92
DECODER
The complete RF receiver decoder circuit employing IC
HT12D and RX 433.92 MHz, Holtec processor, which has
eight-address line & four data line. When valuable data is
received, one positive pulse is available at VT pin. This
decoder IC receives the serially transmitted data, when
address of transmitted data is matched with pre loaded
decoder address. When it receives the valuable data, VT pin
gives acknowledgesignal.Theexternal
resistor is connected across oscillator
pin to generate base oscillation
frequency up to 150Khz. The actual
state of data pins are at low potential
(low state). When it receives the
valuable data, the corresponding data
pin maintains the low potential and
other pins go to high state.
PLUSE SENSOR
 The sensor consists of a light source and photo
detector.
 Light is shown through the tissues and variation in
blood volume alters the amount of light falling on
the detector.
 The source and detector can be mounted side by
side to look at changes in reflected light or on either
side of a finger or earlobe to detect changes in
transmitted light.
 The ends of each side of the peg are filed on the
inside to enlarge the gap and pieces of black closed
cell foam are stuck in place to improve grip and
make a light tight seal against the skin.
 At this point, the spring should be adjusted so that
the peg will grip an ear lobe while at the same time
not being so tight that it excludes blood from a
finger.
THERMISTOR
 A thermistor is a type of resistor used to measure
temperature changes, relying on the change in its
resistance with changing temperature.

 Thermistor is a combination of the words thermal
and resistor.
 The LM35 consist of four independent, high gains,
internally frequency compensated operational
amplifier which were designed specifically to
operate from a single power supply over a wide
voltage range.
 The resistance decreases with increase in
temperature.
DC MOTOR
A DCmotor is a mechanically commutated electric motor
powered from direct current (DC). DC motors can operate
directly from rechargeable batteries, providing the motive
power for the first electric vehicles. Today DC motors are
still found in applications as small as toys and disk drives, or
in large sizes to operate steel rolling mills and paper
machines. A DC motor in simple words is a device that
converts direct current (electrical energy) into mechanical
energy. In order to understand the operating principle of dc
motor we need to first look into its constructional feature.
 Speed 30 Rpm
 Current 3A
 Voltage 12v
OBJECT SENSOR
PIR / OBJECT SENSOR:
OBJECT SENSING CIRCUIT:
This project is used to sense the object for different
application. The 4046 clock generator is used to generate 38
KHZ carrier signal which is transmitted through the sensor
TSOP1038.
The CD4046 micro power phase locked loop
consists of a low power, linear, voltage controlled oscillator,
a source follower, a zenerdiode,andtwophasecomparators.
The two phase comparators have a commonsignal inputand
a common comparator input. Thesignal inputcanbedirectly
coupled for a large voltage signal, or capacitive coupled to
the self biasing amplifier at the signal input for a small
voltage signal.
TILT SENSOR
1. Switch Based Tilt Sensors: As the name suggests,
these switch sensors answer the question whether the
system is tilted or not. With just two statesofoutputs,switch
based sensors are the most basic types. The sensors can be
further classified into two types:
a. Mercury Tilt Switch: These switches employ a
mercury bead which connects its terminals whenever it is
tilted. Mercury tilt switches can be found in SPST and SPDT
form depending upon the number of contacts used in them.
As seen from the images above,mercury, beinga liquidmetal
can flow down and establishcontactbetweentheleadsofthe
switch. The blob of mercury is able to provide resistance to
vibrations as mercury is a dense liquid metal.Usingmercury
is discouraged as it is a toxic metal and poses a potential
hazard to the user when the glass casing breaks and metal
spillage take place.
Reed Switch
Working Principle
 When magnet come close to reed switch its start
operating
 In this project work we are using four reed
switches that are fixed in the mouth of user.

SOFTWARE DISCRIPTION
PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED TO COMPILE THE
PROGRAM USING FLOW CODE
1. Open C
2. Project  Project Wizard
3. Click Next
4. Choose Device (Pic 16f877a)
5. Choose The Compiler (Active Toolsuite : Hitech Picc
Toolsuite (That We Have Used))
6. Create new project file
Project folder : C:Documents and
settingsEverwinDesktop Can_tempcan_temp (your
choice)
7. Click next (simply)
8. Click FINISH
9. FILE  NEW
Copy the main C coding (it is in the .zip file attachedandwith
the name can_temp.c)
and Save as .C file (inside C:Documents and
settingsEverwinDesktop Can_tempcan_temp
10. In the .mcw Window (PROJECT_NAME.mcw),youcan
see SOURCE FILES.
11. Right click  Add files  (add your .c file)
12. Now, your folder contains only 4 files (.C file, .Project
file, . Project workspace, .mcs file)
13. Copy and paste delay.c, adc.c, lcd.c and lcd.h,
can_config.h, and delay.h files.
Project  Build
Build successful
Now, your folder will contain .obj files and .hex files
Now your program is ready to get burnt in PIC.
Fix your PIC IC in the slot. Use the software (TOPWIN) to
burn using program burner kit.
Click the icon (TOPWIN)
Choose the IC
File  Open (Choose the .hex file, that had created during
compilation)
Choose address “00” and click OK
3. CONCLUSION
As the magnetic sensor based automated system has been
presented which would be very helpful for physically
challenged persons. If the controller identify any
abnormality health condition of the user then it
automatically sends SMS tothepredefined numberstoredin
it with the help of GSM technology and it stops the
vehicle.PIC C compiler is used to program for analog to
digital conversion in PIC.
REFERENCES
[1] M. Prathyusha, K. S. Roy , Mahaboob Ali Shaik,
“Voice and Touch Screen Based Direction.and Speed

Control of Wheel Chair for Physically Challenged Using
Arduino”, International Journal of Engineering Trends
and Technology, vol. 4, issue 4, pp. 1242-1244, April
2014.
[2] Sangmeshwar S. Kendre et. Al, “Voice activated
Multiprocessor embedded Systemtoimprovethecontrol
of a motorized wheelchair”, International Journal of
Engineering Science and Technology, vol 2(11),pp6812-
6818, 2013.
[3] K. Sudheer, et al, “Voice and GestureBasedElectric-
Powered Wheelchair Using ARM”, International Journal
of Research inComputerand Communicationtechnology,
, vol 1, issue 6,pp 278- 283, November 2012.
[4] B. Blankertz et al., "The BCI competition 2003:
progress and E.R.perspective in detection and
discrimination of EEG single trials"IEEE Trans. Biomed
Eng., vol. 51, pp. 100-106, 2014.
[5] N. Birbaumer et al., "The Thought Translation
Device (TTD) for Completely Paralyzed Patients", IEEE
Trans. Rehab. Eng., Vol. 8 (2), pp. 190 - 193, June 2013.
[6] M. Betke, J. Gips, and P. Fleming, "The Camera
Mouse: visual tracking of body features to provide
computer access for people with severe disabilities",
IEEE Trans. Neural Sys.and Rehab, vol. 10, no. 1, pp.1-10,
March 2013.

IRJET- Implementation of Health Monitoring and Movement of Handicap Vechil using Pic Microcontroller

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