IRJET- Iot Based Underground Cable Line Fault Detection
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This document describes an IoT-based system for detecting and locating faults in underground cable lines. The system uses a potential divider network laid across underground cables to detect faults. When a fault occurs, it generates a specific voltage that is sensed by a microcontroller. The location of the fault is determined by the voltage and corresponding distance in the resistor network. The microcontroller displays fault data on an LCD and transfers it online using ThingSpeak. This allows authorities to monitor cables and locate faults remotely via the internet. The system aims to quickly and easily detect fault locations without having to manually inspect the entire underground line.
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1612
switch a light bulb ON and OFF which is connected to 220V
mainssupply. There are variousways to driverelays. Relays
are switches that open and close circuitselectromechanically
or electronically.
MICROCONTROLLER
A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated
circuit. In modern terminology, it is similar to, but less
sophisticated than, a system on a chip or SoC; an SoC may
include a microcontroller as one of its components. A
microcontroller contains one or more CPUs (pro along with
memory and programmable input/output peripherals.
SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION
C LANGUAGE
A programming tool or software development tool is a
program or application that software developers use to
create, debug, maintain or otherwise support other
programs and applications. The term usually refers to
relatively simple programs that can be along with
application and system software. C is a general-purpose,
imperative computer programming language, supporting
structured programming, lexical variable scope and
combined together to accomplish a task, much as one might
use multiple hand tools to fix a physical object.
EMBEDDED C
Use of microprocessor-specific assembly-only as the
programming language reduced and embedded systems
moved onto C as the embedded programming language of
choice. C is the most widely used programming language for
embedded processors/controllers. Assemblyisalsousedbut
mainly to implement those portions of the code where very
high timing accuracy, code size efficiency, etc. are prime
requirements.
THINGSPEAK
According to its developers, "ThingSpeak is an open
source Internet of Things (IoT) application and API to store
and retrieve data from things using the HTTP protocol over
the Internet or via a Local Area Network. ThingSpeak
enables the creation of sensor logging applications, location
tracking applications, and a social network of things with
status updates".
ThingSpeak was originally launched by ioBridge in2010asa
service in support of IoT applications. ThingSpeak has
integrated support from the numerical computing
software MATLAB from MathWorks, allowing ThingSpeak
users to analyze and visualize uploaded data using Matlab
without requiring the purchase of a Matlab license from
Mathworks
CONCLUSION
The paper IoT based underground cable line fault detection
system was executed successfully. which makes fault
detection very easier.It can clearly determine the location
where the fault is occurred .The repair man only need todug
the place where fault is occurred. This paper enables the
researchers to detect and locate the faults in underground
cable with the help of IoT Gecko. Hence, the method used in
this paper operates in a sequential manner and proves to be
useful in detection and location of faults in underground
cables.
REFERENCES
[1] ZHANG Chao, KANG Xiaoning, MA Xiuda, JIANG Shuai,QU
Xiaoyun Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Smart Grid “On-line
Incipient Faults Detection in Underground Cables Based on
Single-end Sheath Currents “IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power
and Energy Conference,2016
[2] Schulze, Member, IEEE and Peter Schegner,”Two-
Terminal Fault Location on Unsymmetrical Transmission
Lines”,IEEE,2010
[3] Xu Sun, Wing Kin Lee1, Yunhe Hou1, and Philip W. T.
Pong1” Underground Power Cable Detection and Inspection
Technology Based on Magnetic Field Sensing at Ground
Surface Level “,IEEE ,2014
[4] Saurabh Kulkarni, Student Member, IEEE, Surya
Santoso,”Incipient Fault Location Algorithm for
Underground Cables”, IEEE,2014.
[5] Kunal Hasija, Shelly Vadhera, Anurag Kishore” Detection
and Location of Faults in Underground Cable using
Matlab/Simulink/ANN and OrCad”,IEEE,2014
BIOGRAPHY:
Anu Jacob pursuing her
B.Tech in Computer Science
and Engineering at Sahrdaya
College Of Engineering and
Technology, Thrissur, Kerala.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v5i3360-190123071209/85/IRJET-Iot-Based-Underground-Cable-Line-Fault-Detection-3-320.jpg)
IRJET- Iot Based Underground Cable Line Fault Detection
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1610 IOT BASED UNDERGROUND CABLE LINE FAULT DETECTION Ansa Sebastian1, Anu Jacob2, Angel Wilson3, Ann Rija Paul J4 1,2,3 Student, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sahrdaya College of Engineering and Technology, Kerala, India. 4Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sahrdaya College of Engineering and Technology, Kerala, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT: IOT based underground cable line fault detection system is helpful for find out faults and itslocation in very easy manner .Underground cables have been widely used with the development of power system grid .Underground cables are prone to a wide varietyoffaultsdue to underground conditions, wear and tear, rodents .Detecting fault source is difficult because entire line is to be dug in order to check fault at cableline. The repairmenknow exactly which part hasfault and only that area is to be dug to detect the fault source. Thusit savesa lot of time, moneyand allowsto service underground cablelines faster. We useIOT technology that allows the authorities to monitor and check faults over internet. The system detects fault withthehelpof potential divider network laid acrossthe cable. When a fault gets created in a cableline, a specific voltage gets generated as per the resistors network combination. This voltage is sensed by the microcontroller and is updated to the user. The information conveyed to the user is the distance to which that voltage corresponds to. The microcontroller detects the fault cableline data and displays this data over LCD display, it transfers this data over internet to display online. ThingSpeak to develop the online system that links with the system to display the cable faults online. Keywords: Thing Speak 1. INTRODUCTION Underground cables have been widely used with the development of power system grid. Till last decades cables were made to lay overhead & currently it is to lay underground which is superior to earlier method. Because the underground cable are not affected by any adverse weather condition such as storm, snow, heavy rainfall as well as pollution. But when any fault occur in underground cable, then it is difficult to locate the exact location of fault. Today the world is become digitalized so this paper is intended to detect the location of fault in digital way. The underground cable system is more common practice followed in many urban areas. While faults can occur for different reason in cableline, the repairing processrelatedto that particular cable is difficult due to not knowing the exact location of cable fault. As it is very difficult to find the exact location or faulty location maually, which suddenly affects the efficiency of the cable wire due to losses occurred. Nowadays many techniqueshad already been implemented in order to detect cableline fault. But the problem came upis how to detect fault in cable wire when it is under grounded, and how to access or retrieve those data related to faulty location whenever it is required. In order to fill those gaps, we proposed the system which detects the exact location of the fault and through the means of IoT it’sserially communicated towardsserver.Theproject “IoT based underground cable line fault detectionsystem”is used for find out and locating the faults. The manual method is very time consuming. Here, we propose a cable fault detection over IoT that detects the exact fault position over IoT that makes repairing work very easy. For most of the worldwide operated low voltage and medium voltage distribution lines underground cables have been used from many decades. The complexity of the whole network comprisesnumerouscomponentsthat can fail andinterrupt the power supply for the end user. Use of underground power cable is expanding due to safety considerations and enhanced reliability in transmission and distribution in recent times. Due to safety reasons and high power requirementsuse of underground cableshasbeenincreased. To increase the reliability of the system proper fault detecting and locating techniques are required. The inaccessibility of the underground cable makes the location and detection of fault in the cable a challenging task. The fault detecting and locating techniquesplayaveryimportant role in maintaining the system and thereby increasing the reliability. 2. METHODOLOGY Many techniques have been developed in cable line fault detection over the last few decades. Generally we use overhead lines. It can easily identify the faults but in rushed places or familiar cities we can’t use overhead lines. So, we are moving to underground cables. In this paper it use IoT technology that allows the authorities to monitor and check faults over internet. The system detects fault withthehelpof potential divider network laid across the cable. Whenever a fault gets created at a point shorting two lines together, a specific voltage gets generated as per the resistors network combination. As the existing system is not efficient ,this paper propose a system based on IoT. The objective of this project is to determine the distance of underground cable fault from base station in kilometers using an IoT Gecko platform. The underground cableline systemisused inmany urban areas. Various fault locating methods like the sectionalizing methods, acoustic detection method, Murray loop methods are not used much because they suffer from many disadvantages. The sectionalizing method can’t be
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1611 employed because section wise checking of underground cable is not possible. The acoustic method may become disastrous at the time of rain and it is a bit cumbersome method too. The Murray loop method is based on the principle of Wheatstone and due to different resistances of leads There are many electrical, telephone and other signal cables are laid underground. In normal methods we have to check with the machine where the fault is occurred .It required lot of time and the workload is also more. In IoT based underground cableline fault locator whenever a fault is occurring in the cable line we can see the location in the IoT Gecko online system. Then the admin can inform to the repairman. Many time faults occur due to construction works and other reasons. It is difficult to dig out cablelines full because it do not know the exact location of the cableline fault. In case if it is a short circuit , the voltage across series resistors changes accordingly. This voltage is sensed by the microcontroller and is updated to the user. The information conveyed to the user is the distance to which that voltage corresponds to the fault occurring at a particular distance and the respective phase is displayed on a LCD and also it transfers this data over internet to display online.Thispaper use ThingSpeak to develop the online system that linkswith the system to display the cable faults online. The project is assembled with a set of resistorsrepresentingcablelengthin KM’s and fault creation is made bya set of switches at every known KM to cross check the accuracy of the same. Figure 1: Flow chart of the System 3 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION: RECTIFIER A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically reversesdirection,todirect current (DC), which flowsin only one direction. The process is known as rectification, since it "straightens" the direction of current. Physically, rectifiers take a number of forms, including vacuum tube diodes, mercury-arc valves, stacksof copper and selenium oxide plates, semiconductor diodes, silicon-controlled rectifiers and other silicon-based semiconductor switches. REGULATOR A regulator is a device which hasthe function of maintaining a designated characteristic. It performs the activity of managing or maintaining a range of valuesin a machine.The measurable property of a device is managed closely by specified conditions or an advance set value; or it can be a variable according to a predetermined arrangementscheme. It can be used generally to connote any set of various controls or devices for regulating or controlling items or objects. LCD DISPLAY A liquid-crystal display (LCD) isa flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light- modulating properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly, instead using a backlight or reflector to produce imagesin colouror monochrome.Eachpixelofan LCD typically consists of a layer of molecules aligned between two transparent electrodes, and two polarizing filters the axesof transmission of which areperpendicularto each other. WIFI MODULE WiFi Module is a self-contained SOC with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can give any microcontroller access to your WiFi network. The ESP8266 is capable ofeitherhosting an application or offloading all Wi-Fi networking functions from another application processor. TRANSFORMER Transformer is static device which transfer electricalenergy from one circuit to other circuit with change in voltage or current without change in frequency. In this step down transformer is used. Usually, DC voltage s are require d to operate variouselectronic equipment and these voltagesare 5V, 9V or 12V. RELAY DRIVER A Relay driver IC is an electro-magnetic switch that will be used whenever we want to use a low voltage circuit to
- 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1612 switch a light bulb ON and OFF which is connected to 220V mainssupply. There are variousways to driverelays. Relays are switches that open and close circuitselectromechanically or electronically. MICROCONTROLLER A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit. In modern terminology, it is similar to, but less sophisticated than, a system on a chip or SoC; an SoC may include a microcontroller as one of its components. A microcontroller contains one or more CPUs (pro along with memory and programmable input/output peripherals. SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION C LANGUAGE A programming tool or software development tool is a program or application that software developers use to create, debug, maintain or otherwise support other programs and applications. The term usually refers to relatively simple programs that can be along with application and system software. C is a general-purpose, imperative computer programming language, supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope and combined together to accomplish a task, much as one might use multiple hand tools to fix a physical object. EMBEDDED C Use of microprocessor-specific assembly-only as the programming language reduced and embedded systems moved onto C as the embedded programming language of choice. C is the most widely used programming language for embedded processors/controllers. Assemblyisalsousedbut mainly to implement those portions of the code where very high timing accuracy, code size efficiency, etc. are prime requirements. THINGSPEAK According to its developers, "ThingSpeak is an open source Internet of Things (IoT) application and API to store and retrieve data from things using the HTTP protocol over the Internet or via a Local Area Network. ThingSpeak enables the creation of sensor logging applications, location tracking applications, and a social network of things with status updates". ThingSpeak was originally launched by ioBridge in2010asa service in support of IoT applications. ThingSpeak has integrated support from the numerical computing software MATLAB from MathWorks, allowing ThingSpeak users to analyze and visualize uploaded data using Matlab without requiring the purchase of a Matlab license from Mathworks CONCLUSION The paper IoT based underground cable line fault detection system was executed successfully. which makes fault detection very easier.It can clearly determine the location where the fault is occurred .The repair man only need todug the place where fault is occurred. This paper enables the researchers to detect and locate the faults in underground cable with the help of IoT Gecko. Hence, the method used in this paper operates in a sequential manner and proves to be useful in detection and location of faults in underground cables. REFERENCES [1] ZHANG Chao, KANG Xiaoning, MA Xiuda, JIANG Shuai,QU Xiaoyun Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Smart Grid “On-line Incipient Faults Detection in Underground Cables Based on Single-end Sheath Currents “IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Conference,2016 [2] Schulze, Member, IEEE and Peter Schegner,”Two- Terminal Fault Location on Unsymmetrical Transmission Lines”,IEEE,2010 [3] Xu Sun, Wing Kin Lee1, Yunhe Hou1, and Philip W. T. Pong1” Underground Power Cable Detection and Inspection Technology Based on Magnetic Field Sensing at Ground Surface Level “,IEEE ,2014 [4] Saurabh Kulkarni, Student Member, IEEE, Surya Santoso,”Incipient Fault Location Algorithm for Underground Cables”, IEEE,2014. [5] Kunal Hasija, Shelly Vadhera, Anurag Kishore” Detection and Location of Faults in Underground Cable using Matlab/Simulink/ANN and OrCad”,IEEE,2014 BIOGRAPHY: Anu Jacob pursuing her B.Tech in Computer Science and Engineering at Sahrdaya College Of Engineering and Technology, Thrissur, Kerala.