IRJET- Machine Care Effectiveenergy Monitring Model based on Wireless Sensor Networks

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1854
MACHINE CARE EFFECTIVEENERGY MONITRING MODEL BASED ON
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Priyadharsini S1, Sowpernika S2, Sushmita Raj R3, Tharani S4, Tharanpriya S5
1Assistant Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and
Technology, Coimbatore, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
2,3,4,5Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore,
Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
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Abstract:- A wireless measurement and monitoring system
for an electric drive system is realized using the ZigBee
communication wireless standard for safe and economic
data communication in industrial fields where the wired
communication is either more expensive or impossible due
to physical conditions. It is also possible to protect of the
electric drive system against some faults such as over
current, over voltage, higher temperature in windings.
Therefore, controlling, monitoring, and protection of the
system are realized in real time and it uses ZigBee wireless
standard for remote data transmission along with Internet
connectivity for assessment of the network-collected
information. Therefore, the measuring devices and their
respective sensors are studied accordingly. Algorithms have
been developed allowing evaluation of additional
parameters using data from the measurements held.
Keywords: MEMS-based acceleration sensor, Wireless
monitoring, Health monitoring.
INTRODUCTION
Health care is one of the primary applications for
wireless networks composed of embedded sensors.
Machine condition monitoring is the process of monitoring
the condition of a machine with the intent to predict
mechanical wear and failure. Vibration, noise, and
temperature measurements are often used as key
indicators of the state of the machine. Trends in the data
provide health information about the machine and help
detect machine faults early, which prevents unexpected
failure and costly repair. With the rapid development of
power industry, there is always mismatching between the
power generation and the power consumption due to the
unbalanced distribution of the resources.
As far as analyzed most of the machine
monitoring system deals with the quality of the sensors
employed, link/ node failure, data retransmission. Various
parameters of machine care which includes current
supplied, temperature developed inside the machine,
vibrations produced by the machine, tilt angle ,lubricant oil
level etc. These parameters are monitored and controlled
by the operator by employing the concept of wireless
sensor network.
With rapid development of sensor technology,
MEMS and wireless communications, the wireless sensor
network (WSN) has wide applications. The wireless
system uses wireless sensor nodes to transmit the data to
the monitoring server. The wireless sensor node consists
of a short distance wireless transmission network (ZigBee
2.4GHz).The wireless sensor network (WSN) has been
widely proposed as a solution to improve the reliability,
productivity and safety of the system. However, despite
the wireless sensors and WSN have numerous applications
only a few developmental studies have been conducted on
monitoring the machine body.
According to the experimental data, the wireless
monitoring system can monitor the machine’s running
state effectively and accurately. The wireless monitoring
system consists of a MEMS-based three-axis acceleration
unit, wireless network with wireless nodes and the
monitoring server terminal. The wireless system combines
a long-distance wireless communication module that
transfers the data to the remote server with a short-range
wireless communication module located at the
measurement device. This method of wireless system has
been used in existing wireless monitoring systems. Finally,
a series of experiments (such as comparing with the
measuring angle, etc.) have been conducted to test the
performance of the wireless monitoring system and
analyzing the results.
Recent advances in micro-electro-mechanical
systems (MEMS) technology, wireless communication and
digital electronics have enabled the development of low
cost, low power, multifunctional sensor nodes that are
small in size and communicate untethered in short
distances. These tiny sensor nodes, which consists of
sensing, data processing and communicating components,

leverage the idea of sensor networks based on
collaborative effort of large number of nodes. Sensor
networks represent a significant improvement over
traditional sensors.
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are becoming
very attractive for both telecommunication and network
industry. These sensors can influence the understanding of
the physical world around us by transmitting signals by
sensing the field of influence of such devices. Such devices
can then transmit electrical signals from the sensor
through the network until the signal reaches the sink
stage.
It is a group of specialized devices or sensors
which are used to monitor different environmental
conditions and to collect and organize that data at some
certain central location. It detects and measures a number
of physical conditions such as sound, speed, directions,
pressure etc.
Wireless sensor network utilize an efficient form of
technology that has no structure or rules or adhering to a
specific standard. This makes it interesting for research
and thus significant sources are being placed on its study
by research scholars.
MEMS SENSOR
Accelerometers are useful for sensing vibrations
in systems or for orientation applications. Accelerometers
can measure acceleration on one, two, or three axis. 3-axis
units are becoming more common as the cost of
development for them decreases. MMA7361 is a three-axis
analog accelerometer IC, which reads off the X, Y and Z
acceleration as analog voltages. By measuring the amount
of acceleration due to gravity. By sensing the amount of
dynamic acceleration, the accelerometer can find out how
fast and in what direction the device is moving.
The accelerometer is very easy interface to an
Arduino Micro-controller using 3 analog input pins, and
can be used with most other micro controllers, such as the
PIC or AVR. The sensor works on power between 3.3V to
6VDC, therefore the sensor requires a very low amount of
power. MEMS helps in monitoring the health of the
machine by measuring their vibrations during running
state. MEMS technology is used in various sectors like
automotive industry [5][6].
HEALTH CARE SYSTEM OF MACHINE
Machine condition monitoring is the process of
monitoring the condition of a machine with the intent to
predict mechanical wear and failure [11]. Vibrations, noise,
and temperature measurements are often used as key
indicators of the state of the machine. Trends in the data
provide health information about the machine and help
detect machine faults earlier, which prevents unexpected
failure and costly repair. Machine’s vibration is very
essential in diagnosing and detecting any fault or deviation
from the normal condition [8]. Proper machine condition
monitoring can result in prolonged life of machine and
lower maintenance costs.
EXISTING SYSTEM
Traditional protection practices for detecting
electric drive defects uses various types of protection
relays such as temperature relays, over current relays,
electromagnetic switches, low and high current protection
relays, time relays and contactors [13]. If the traditional
protection methods are compared with the computer-
based methods, traditional methods considerably reduce
the sensitivity and efficiency of the system because many
of the mechanical parts including in the system increase
the time for detecting defects. Another disadvantage of the
traditional protection methods is their cost. [7]
PROPOSED SYSTEM
The general structure of the developed wireless
sensor system is presented in below. It consists of one
wireless data collection module (ZigBee coordinator
device), end-devices (measuring devices), database server
which is accessed via local server and a module for system
control and data visualization. The coordinator device
reads data measured from remote end-devices and
retransmits them to the database server. The wireless
connection between end-devices and the coordinator
device is facilitated through their ZigBee modules. The
database server and the coordinator device can be
connected in through a personal computer.
In this machine care system various parameters of
the machine that includes current supply, temperature
developed, vibrations produced, lubricant oil
measurement are obtained with the help of various
sensors. The data from these sensors are collected and
transmitted to the database to monitor and control the
system through a wireless sensor network over the ZigBee
communication [2][4]. This system is effective as it
employs the ZigBee platform that consumes low amount of

energy and the machines are monitored in a continuous
manner thereby avoiding the data loss.
The software used for formatting the program is
MPLAB IDE. MPLAB IDE runs as a 32-bit application on MS
Windows, is easy to use and includes a host of free
software components for fast application development and
super-charged debugging. Types of Sensors employed are,
 Temperature sensor
 Current sensor
 Liquid sensor
 MEMS sensor
BLOCK DIAGRAM
The block diagram of the machine care monitoring system
consist of two units. They are
 1. Measurement and display unit.
 2. Monitoring Unit.
Measurement and Display Unit
The sensors are connected to their suitable power
supply. The temperature developed within the machine
system is measured by placing LM35 analog temperature
sensor.
Figure: 1 Block Diagram of Motor Unit
The sensors are connected to their suitable power
supply. The temperature developed within the machine
system is measured by placing LM35 analog temperature
sensor. The vibrations produced are measured by MEMS –
MMA7361 [14].It is an accelerometer used to measure the
speed. The current passing through the system is
measured by CT1270 current sensor. The lubricant oil
level is measured by liquid sensor.
There consist of relay unit to regulate proper
current flow. All These data from the sensors are
calculated and are displayed on LED unit. Each sensor is
provided with a threshold value. When the sensor analyze
values more than the threshold then it will alarm the
system through the buzzer.
PIC microcontroller known as Peripheral Interface
Controller is used to integrate and control the components
of the system. PIC 16F877A is used in the machine care
system [3].
Working of Monitoring Unit
The monitoring unit is shown in Fig: .The data
from the LED display is transmitted to the transceiver over
WSN that act as a transmitting antenna through a UART
cable.
ZigBee communication is employed which provide
low energy consumption [2] with wide area usage when
compared over other networks like Wi-Fi which have a
short range of coverage. From transmitting antenna it is
then transmitted to the receiving antenna that is
connected to the database of the computer system.
Visual Basic software along with MPLAB IDE is
used to visualize the parameters of the machine system by
graphically representing the data. The machine unit is
monitored by continuous display and recording of data in
the computer database [6]. When there is any damage or
failure within the system it can be monitored in the display
unit and the motor can be controlled (switched ON/OFF)
from the database system itself.
Figure: 2 Monitoring Unit
PIC16F87
7A
Controller
Power
Unit
LCD
WSN
Module
UART
Conver
ter
Current
Sensor
MEMS
Sensor
Relay
Motor
Liquid
Sensor
Alarm

RESULT
The output results of the machine care monitoring
model can be visualized in Visual Basic VB. Visual Basic,
also referred to as "VB," is designed to make software
development easy and efficient, while still being powerful
enough to create advanced programs.
Figure 3: Graphical representation of data collected
from sensors
The constant graphical representation shows the
machine’s running condition without any deviation while
the abrupt changes in the graph indicates that the machine
is undergoing some faults which has to be rectified
immediately. The running machine can be stopped from
the system without any interface to the machine which
reduces the risk of damage to machine. The readings of the
parameters like temperature current and vibration are
simultaneously indicated.
CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, we presented an integrated WSN
hardware software platform for machine and structural
monitoring. The custom module was based on a wireless
IEEE 802.15.4- compatible microcontroller, with MEMS
sensors for capturing vibration and audio data, and a
humidity/temperature sensor for environmental
conditions.
Although the experiments performed in both
motor test rigs showed a reliable data collection, the long
download times make it interesting to explore the
feasibility of using compression algorithms or basic fault
detection mechanisms on the node itself, to avoid sending
a large amount of data that contributes to battery
depletion.
FUTURE SCOPE
In future a model can be developed on Knowledge
Based Systems Model for Machine Health Monitoring has
many modules based on various maintenance aspects like
Preventive Maintenance, Condition Based Maintenance,
etc., with each module having sub-modules containing
information about detailed aspects of machine
maintenance.
The decisions are based on the standard inputs
from vibration standards. The field vibration data like
displacement, velocity, acceleration are acquired from
suitable vibration sensors placed at strategic locations on
the machines. The data is fed to the system by the
maintenance personnel and the machine health is assessed
almost instantaneously. There is enough scope for further
enhancement of the system. The present system is
developed for off-line conditions, in which machine
vibration data is fed to knowledge system by the user
manually. On-line knowledge based system could be
developed so that machines are monitored on continuous
basis and remedial maintenance actions are initiated so
that performance is enhanced, downtime decreased and
overall performance is enhanced.
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