IRJET- Multi-Sensor based Water Quality Monitoring in IoT Environment

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3237
Multi-Sensor based Water Quality Monitoring in IoT Environment
Arun Pandi T1, Sakthi Vel S B1, Veerappan S1, Senthil Rajan A1, Amutha priya N2
1UG Students, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kamaraj College of Engineering and
Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
2Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kamaraj College of Engineering and
Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract - To analyse the safe supply of the water, the
quality needs to be monitor in real time. In this paper, we
present a low-cost system for real-time monitoring of the
water quality in IoT (internet of things).The system consistsof
several sensors is used for measuring physical and chemical
parameters of the water. The parameterssuchastemperature,
turbidity, pH, Conductivity of the water can be measured. The
measured values from the sensors can be processedbythecore
controller. The Arduino mega can be used as a core controller.
Finally, the sensor data can be viewed on internet using Wi-Fi
module.
Key Words: Temperature, Conductivity, pH, Turbidity,
Arduino mega, Wi-Fi module.
1. INTRODUCTION
Water is a limited resource in the world and is essential for
agriculture, industry and for creatures existence on earth
including human beings. This challenge occurred because of
limited water resources growing the population, aging
infrastructure etc. Hence, therefore, there isaneedforbetter
methodologies for monitoring the water quality. Monitoring
the quality of surface water will help protect ourwaterways
from pollution.
Traditionally, the water quality detection has been carried
out manually wherein the water samples are collected and
taken to the laboratories for analysis. Since these methods
fail to deliver real-time data, we propose a system whichcan
sense the water quality parameter continuously and send
the data real time to the monitoring station using wireless
technology. The result from the microcontroller unit is then
wirelessly transmitted using Wi-Fi module.
2. System Description
The objective of the system is to design a low costandrobust
system, to monitor water quality problemfordrinkingwater
and online multisensory measurements at the local levelare
developed to assess the water contamination risk. The
overall functions of the system architecture are,
• A microcontroller is been used for collecting the
data from the sensors.
• The system contains turbidity sensor, pH sensor, a
temperature sensor which is interfaced with
Arduino mega board 2560.
• Turbidity sensor is used for turbulence
measurement of water.
• The PH sensor is used to measure the %PHofwater.
• The temperature sensor is used to check the
temperature of water.
• The Conductivity sensor is used to measure the
ability of the water to carry electric current.
• All these sensors are directly connected to the
microcontroller.
• The microcontroller collects the data and processes
it with Wi-Fi module.
• The Wi-Fi module (ESP8266) transfers data to the
PC where the data analysis is done.
• LCD display has also displayed the output
correspondingly.
• To publish the corresponding record over the web
for public information and further assessment of
water resource.
3. BLOCK DIAGRAM

4. Hardware Design
4.1 Control Board
An Arduino mega is used as a core controller. The Arduino
used here is mega 2560 because multiple analog input
sensors probes need to be connected with the Arduino
board. It has a set of registers that function as a general
purpose RAM. Special purpose control registers for on-chip
hardware resources are also mapped into the data space.
The addressability of memory varies depending on device
series, and all PIC devices have some banking mechanism to
extend addressing to additional memory. Later series of
devices feature move instructions whichcancoverthewhole
addressable space, independent of the selected bank. In
earlier devices, any register move had to be achieved via the
accumulator. Thus the mechanism functions with thehelpof
coding inbuilt in the Arduino board.
4.2 Sensors for Monitoring
4.2.1 Ph Sensor
The pH of water is an important parameter to monitor
because high and low pH levels can have enormous effects
on the source. The pH of a solution can range from 1 to 14.A
pH sensor is a device that measures the hydrogen-ion
concentration in a solution, indicating its acidity or
alkalinity. Its range varies from 0 to 14 pH. For acid output
voltage is positive, for neutral it is null and for bases it
becomes negative. The value greater than the optimum
range is considered fatal to the marine ecosystem. Extreme
pH values also increase the solubility of elements and
compounds making them toxic.
Mathematically pH is referred as,
pH = -log[H+]
4.2.2 Turbidity Sensor
Turbidity level sensor is used to measure the clarityofwater
or muddiness present in the water. The turbidity of the
surface water is usually between 255 NTU. The Unit is NTU
(Nephelometric turbidity unit). Water is visibly at levels
above 80 NTU. The standards for drinking water is 130 NTU
to 250 NTU. The turbidity sensor consistsoflighttransmitter
and receiver, the transmitter needsto transmit clear light to
the receiver if it not to be clear, it is said to be turbid.
Generally, it measures the amount of light coming from the
source of the light to the light receiver, in order to calculate
water turbidity.
The effect of turbidity is a reduction in water clarity,
aesthetically unpleasant, decreases the rate of
photosynthesis, increases water temperature.
4.2.3 Temperature Sensor
Here LM35 is used as the temperature sensor. Normally it
will use to sense the temperature of the room, if we placethe
sensor inside the copper electrode and placedintothewater,
it can detect the temperature of water also. The average
temperature of the room is 20 -25 .
4.2.4 Conductivity Sensor
Conductivity is the measure of a solution's ability to pass or
carry an electric current. The term Conductivity is derived
from Ohm's Law, E=I•R; where Voltage (E) is the product of
Current (I) and Resistance (R); Resistance is determined by
Voltage/Current. When a voltage is connected to a
conductor, a current will flow, which is dependent on the
resistance of the conductor. Conductivityissimplydefinedas
the reciprocal of the Resistance of a solution between two
electrodes. The more ions that are in the solution, the higher
the conductivity.
4.2.5 LCD Display
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is a flat plate electronic
display module and finds in a wide range of applications. A
20x4 LCD display is the very basic module and is very
commonly used in various devices and circuits. These
modulesare preferred over seven segmentsandothermulti-
segment LEDs.
4.2.6 Wi-Fi module
Wi-Fi or Wi-Fi is a technology for wireless local area
network with devices.
Devices that can use Wi-Fi technology include personal
computers, video-game consoles, smartphones, digital
cameras, tablet computers, digital audioplayersandmodern
printers. Wi-Fi compatible devices can connect to the
Internet via a WLAN network and a wireless access point.
Such an access point (or hotspot) has a range of about 20
meters (66 feet) indoors and a greater range outdoors.
Hotspot coverage can be as small as a single room withwalls
that block radio waves, or as large as many square
kilometers achieved by using multiple overlapping access
points.
The depiction of a device sending information wirelessly to
another device both connected to the local network,inorder
to print a document.
Wi-Fi technology may be used to provide Internet access to
devices that are within the range of a wireless network that
is connected to the Internet.
5. ANALYZED WORK
In order to get the good quality of water, we have made a
survey of different water taking it from various locations
(underground, pond, well, bore well waters).The difference
between the values is dependent upon the areas. By
identifying the values of pH, temperature, and turbidity of
water using various sensors, we analyze the usage of water
for the specific purposes. For example drinking, washing
purpose, watering plants, battery water in UPS and in the
car. Over 50 samples are collected and surveyed.

Using HTML program, we designed a webpage that will use
to display corresponding ph, temperature, conductivity,
turbidity values on the internet.
Below picture is the screenshot of water quality monitoring.
This will update outputs every 5 seconds on the web page.
Table -2: Usage of analysed water
The water which has collected from various areas and their
analyzed pH, temperature, turbidity and conductivityvalues
are listed below.,
Table -1: Surveyed samplesof water from variouslocations
at different areas.
Sam
ples
Area Type pH Turbidit
y
Condu
ctivity
Temperat
ure
S1 Sattur Under
ground
7.1 59 52
Depend
upon
room
temperatu
re
S2 Sattur Well 7.4 97 72
S3 Sattur River 7.7 176 122
S4 Virudhunagar Under
ground
6.9 187 120
S5 Virudhunagar Pond 6.7 108 76
S6 Virudhunagar River 6.6 120 78
S7 Thirumangalam Under
ground
6.8 69 51
S8 Thirumangalam Purified-
Well
7.6 143 108
S9 Thirumangalam Pond 6.1 92 62
S10 Nagercoil Sea 6.2 57 47
S1 Sattur Under
ground
7.1 59 52
Table -2: Usage of analysed water
Purposes pH Turbidity Conductivity Temperature
Drinking Water 7 - 8 130 – 250 NTU 100 – 200 µS/cm -
Agriculture 6 - 8 90 – 250 NTU 60 – 200 µS/cm -
Washing
Machine
6 - 12 50 – 145 NTU 100 µS/cm – 2
mS/cm
5 - 90
Air Conditioner 6.4 -
7.2
50 – 150 NTU 100 – 150 mg/L
up to 55
UPS Water 5 - 7 <20 mgL <10-5 ohm-1 /cm
20 - 25
6. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
The Water quality monitoring is important for specific
applications such as monitoring of boiler water in power
plant and several other applications such as pond and
ecosystem, drinking water distribution and measurement,
Contamination Detection in Drinking Water etc. such
applications need a separate technique for monitoring the
water quality. In our proposed system, we can monitor the
water quality parameters on the internet by using cloud
computing. The water quality parameters values are stored
in separate web server on the cloud. These parameters can
be viewed by using a separate IP address.
Fig -1: The picture shows the water quality monitoring
using Wi-Fi module
By using varioussensors, Temperature, pH, and Turbidityof
the water can be measured. Finally, an essential
measurement node that collects water quality
measurements from sensors, implements the algorithm to
assess water quality and transmits data to the web server.
7. CONCLUSION
In this paper, the design and development of the real-time
monitoring of the water quality parameters in IoT
environment are presented. The proposedsystem consistsof
several water quality parameter sensors, Arduino mega
2560 core controller, and an IoT module. These devices are
low cost, more efficient and capable of processing,analyzing,
sending and viewing the data in the cloud and also through
Wi-Fi to the mobile device. This can implement for suitable
environment monitoring, ecosystem monitoring, etcandthe
data can be viewed anywhere in the world. In the future, we
plan to implement biological parameter of the water and
install the system in several locations of a pond and also in
water distribution network to collect water quality data and
send to the water board.

8. REFERENCES
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