IRJET- Water Level Monitoring System

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1712
WATER LEVEL MONITORING SYSTEM
Takshan Shetty1, Prathamesh Wagh2, Dr. Asawari Dudwadkar (Mentor)3
1,2UG Student, Dept. of Electronics Engineering, VES Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India
3Assistant professor, Dept. of Electronics Engineering, VES Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India
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Abstract - In today’s global scenario, water wastage and
water shortage are an over rising problem. With the world
population rising minute by minute, the need for water is
increasing and therefore water conservation is the need ofthe
hour. This paper proposes a solution for the soaring water
problems. Today’s industries need huge amount of manpower
for system supervision. We have come out with a solution
where we use sensors to measure the water level ofthestorage
system and be informed about the same, saving humanefforts.
Here, sensors are fit in the storage tank at different levels. The
sensors are further connected to a microcontroller. The
sensors detect the water level and inform it to the
microcontroller which displays the storage tank status on the
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). A gate mechanism is also
attached to this system which is triggered when the water
level reaches the brim of the storage system.
Key Words: Microcontroller, Motor, Gate mechanism,
Electrode, liquid-crystal display
1. INTRODUCTION
Water scarcity and water wastage is an increasing problem
in a country like India. In this paper we have tried to provide
an aid to this problem. Embedded systems are now-a-days
playing a vital role in Engineering designprocessforefficient
analysis and effective operation. Due to time complexity in
electronic aspects embedded systems have become a major
part of our daily life. So therefore, with the helpofembedded
systems we have designed a project which can measure the
water level of a storage tank and display it on the LCD. This
not only provides us with the requiredinformationaboutthe
status of the water tank but also helps and reduces the
manpower required in this whole process. Our project is a
contribution towards the solution for water scarcity
problems. Also, the application of embedded systems
reduces the probability of error caused by human
intervention.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
In an analytical study conducted by the Delhi Committee of
the Associated Chambersof Commerce and IndustryofIndia
(ASSOCHAM), it has been revealed that there has been a
substantial increase in the wastage of water due to
numerous reasons. According to ASSOCHAM,thepercentage
of water wasted has been increased to an alarming 40% as
compared to the previous year. On February 11, 2018 the
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) put Bengaluru on a
list of 11 major cities in the modern era having maximum
water related problems. The BBC blames a spike in
population growth and new property developments,
Bengaluru’s struggle to manage its water and sewage
systems, and a colossal waste of drinking water due to poor
plumbing. Also, many villagesin the interior of Maharashtra
and many other states are facing major water shortage due
to drought and water supply mismanagement. Our systemis
an initiative to help curb or at least reduce these water
wastage and scarcity issues throughout the nation [1].
Delhi Jal Board had taken a decision to punishtheconsumers
for overflowing tanks. Water consumerswhoswitchontheir
motors to fill their overhead tanks and then forget to switch
them off have to pay the respective penalties [2].
3. PROPOSED MODEL
3.1Block Diagram:
Fig 1 Block Diagram of water tank level monitoring and
pump control system.
The proposed system uses five sensors to sense various
levels of the storage. Whenever the water level rises or
decreases and comesin contact of any sensorthenthecircuit
is complete and current flows due to which the
corresponding transistor conducts and circuit is closed. The
output of the sensor circuit triggers the microcontroller.
Whenever the water level rises above the highest level or
decreases below the lowest threshold level then the sensor
circuit triggers the microcontroller. According to the code
written and burnt in the microcontroller, it will drivethe DC
motor. The motor driver is provided to driveand controlthe
motor. An LCD is provided to inform the user about the
status of the water level in the tank [3].
3.2 LCD
LCD modules are very commonly used in most embedded
projects, the reason being its cheap price, availability and
programmer friendly. There are a lot of combinations
available like, 8×1, 8×2, 10×2, 16×1, etc. but the most used
one is the 16×2 LCD. 16×2 LCD is named so because; it has
16 Columns and 2 Rows. It will have (16×2=32) 32
characters in total and each character will be made of 5×8
Pixel Dots. Each character has(5×8=40) 40 Pixelsandfor32

characters we will have (32×40) 1280 Pixels. Further, the
LCD should also be instructed about the Position of the
Pixels. Hence it will be a hectic task to handle everything
with the help of MCU, hence an Interface IC like HD44780 is
used, which is mounted on the backside of the LCD Module
itself. The function of this IC is to get the Commands and
Data from the MCU and process them to display meaningful
information onto our LCD Screen.
3.3 Arduino Uno
Arduino is an open source computerhardwareandsoftware
company, project, and user community that designs and
manufactures single-board
microcontrollers and microcontroller kitsforbuildingdigital
devices and interactive objects that can sense and control
objects in the physical and digital world. The UNO is the best
board to get started with electronics and coding. The UNO is
the most used and documented board of the whole Arduino
family. Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328 [4]. It has14 digital input/outputpins(ofwhich
6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz
quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to
support the microcontroller; simply connectittoacomputer
with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or
battery to get started. The Arduino Uno is cheap and can
therefore be used with a mindset of not worrying about the
board [5][6].
3.4 Water level sensor
In this project we have used five electrodes to sense the
water in a tank. These five sensors are placed in the tank at
20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and at the top or 100% of the tank
level. As given in the circuit, we put one wire of 5V supply in
the bottom of the tank and remaining wires at different
equally spaced levels in the tank. When waterisaround25%
then 5V supply wire and electrode at 20% will be short and
the circuit will be completed.
4. SYSTEM FUNCTIONALITY
The proposed system is simulated by using Proteus and
design suit software. Wires are used as a sensor for simple
yet ameliorated understanding. Five sensors are placed at
equal intervals in the storage system. These five sensors
provide input to the Arduino Uno pins (A1 to A5). When
water level reaches the sensor level, that respective
branch is connected to the 5-volt DC supply using the
probs. Arduino reads the analog input from the sensors as
per the requirement. Arduino then produces the needed
(high or low) output on the motor pin. The output to the
motor pin is then given to the motor driver, as shown in fig
2. Here, L293D (6 pin motor driver) is used to control the
DC motor [7]. The Arduino is interfaced with the LCD. The
Arduino is programmed such that depending on the input
from the analog pins, percentage of water in the storage
system and the status of the motor is displayed on the
screen. When the water in the storage system reaches the
topmost sensor, the motor interfaced with an Arduino
board is turned off symbolizing a system overflow [8].
Fig 2 Circuit Diagram of water tank level monitoring and
pump control system [9].

Fig 3 Displaying water level and motor status at 5
different conditions.
5. FUTURE SCOPE
As the world’s water resources become increasingly
stressed, effective systems for management become more
important. Several water monitor systems are available but
most of them are either expensive or requires manpower.
Since wired technology is used in our proposedsystemthere
is scope to further modify it by using wirelessRFtechnology.
Thus, the communication between the controller and the
driving element can be established wirelessly.
Improvements can be made with minor changes in this
model by eliminating the operator and providing the
complete control to microcontroller (automatic level
control). It can be used for level monitoring and control in
industries. The system can also be extended to efficient
functioning of dams. Therefore, a major future work can be
possible in which a centralized control of all the dams in a
state using GPRS or other wirelesstechnology under central
government can be beneficial to the whole country. On a
local level, the control of all the water storage tanks in a
society using wireless technology under a trusted authority
can be beneficial as well.
6. CONCLUSION
The proposed mechanism of watercontrolreducesthewater
wastage, ensures efficient use of available water resources
and generatesmore precise and accurate results.Thereisno
requirement of human laborer for monitoring the level, just
one operator is sufficient for opening and closing the gate
according to sensor output. Due to the number of sensors
being more we can open or close the gate whenever
necessary knowing the accurate level of water. Also,
operation execution time is less. Because of itscostefficiency
this system can be installed in variousrural areaswhere the
water problems are on a rise.
REFERENCES
[1] Water and Jobs the United Nations World Water
Development Report, 2016,
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002439/2439
38e.pdf
[2] https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-
national/tp-newdelhi/Now-penalties-on-consumers-
for-overflowing-tanks/article16020198.ece
[3] Shandong Jianzhu "Design of intrinsicallysafeintelligent
water-level monitor used in coal mine ", IEEE Trans. on
Industrial Applications, vol. 19, pp.1052 -1056
1983Byron Francis (2016),
[4] Arduino: The Complete Beginner’s Guide, CreateSpace
Independent Publishing Platform.
[5] Getting Started with Arduino UNO,
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/ArduinoUno
[6] Arduino official software downloads,
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
[7] L293D datasheet, SLRS008D-SEPTEMBER 1986-
REVISED JANUARY 2016,
http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/l293.pdf
[8] www.circuitplanet.blogspot.com
[9] Proteus 8 Professional manual,
https://www.ele.uva.es/~jesman/BigSeti/ftp/Cajon_De
sastre/Software-Manuales/EBook%20-
%20Proteus%20Manual.pdf

IRJET- Water Level Monitoring System

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