IRJET- Smart Ambulance Movement and Monitoring System using GSM and RFID Technology

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 04 | Apr-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1033
Smart Ambulance Movement and Monitoring System
Using GSM and RFID Technology
Neerav Bhatia1, Abhishek Bedi2, Ravinder Nath Rajotiya3
1,2Student of Bachelor of Technology, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
3Head of Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
JEMTEC - JIMS Engineering Management Technical Campus, Greater Noida, India.
Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - A steady increase in metro-city population, the
number of automobiles and cars increases rapidly and metro
traffic is growing crowded which leads to the traffic jam
problem. Controlling the traffic becomes major issue when it
comes to large time delays between traffic lights/signals. Due
to this, ambulance service one of the crucial services gets
delayed very often. To overcome this situation, this paper
describes a solution that is “Smart ambulance movement and
monitoring system” which includes ‘traffic
controlling/movement’ as well as a ‘monitoring system’ using
GSM and RFID technology.
In traffic controlling/movement system, a density based
system is used which aims at reducing traffic congestion and
unwanted long time delay during the traffic light switch over
especially when the traffic is very low by analyzing the
counting and controlling system using IR technology and
89C52 microcontroller. Also, an RF transmitter on the
ambulance will communicatewiththeRFreceivermounted on
the signal post. An algorithm is used to control the traffic
signals automatically based on the RF switch/key pressed by
the driver in the ambulance when in range. In monitoring
system, every patient is provided with RFID TAG/smart card
which includes all the details of patient i.e. name, age, sex,
major diseases suffered, medicalhistoryetc. whenswipedupon
RFID reader (installed in ambulance), will get transferred to
hospital department with the help of GSM technology. This
monitoring system will help the doctors to give patients the
necessary treatment for the time being.
Key Words: Traffic; Ambulance, IR, GSM, RFID, RF,
technologies
1. INTRODUCTION
These days with the increase in the population and due to
luxurious living there is an increase in the traffic on roads.
The problem with the traffic system is that for every minute
the vehicles at the 2-way road will be heavy and the traffic
lights shall be changed to each side for some fixed time even
if there are no vehicles at particular side, the traffic lights
will glow for given fixed time. Due to this, other sidevehicles
have to wait for the time to complete the process. Also on
roads, due to high traffic people are unable to provide the
free way to the emergency unit which also becomes one of
the factors of late first aid to the patient due to which one
can die on the way to hospital.
This paper aims at reducing trafficcongestionandunwanted
long time delay during the traffic light switch over ; also
proposes that how ambulance can easilypassthroughtraffic
signals by making use of RF Module and lastly, how
monitoring of the patient will help the doctors to give them
necessary treatment with the help of RFID and GSM
technologies [4]. The paper is organized as follows.Section-I
introduces the problem formulation and objective of the
paper. Section-II discusses about the proposed system.
Section-III discusses about the designmethodology.Section-
IV discussesaboutthechoice ofcomponents/majortechnical
listings. Section-V proposes the design architecture/pin
diagram. Section-VI discusses about observations/testing
and finally section-VII concludes the paper.
2. PROPOSED SYSTEM
Traffic congestion is major problem in cities of developing
countries like India. The poor infrastructure and the
irrational distribution of the development are core reasons
for increasing traffic congestion. Traffic congestion can lead
to drivers becoming frustrated and engaging in road rage.
Due to this, there is a problem of delay in first aid service.
This project is proposed into two categories i.e. movement
system and monitoring system. In monitoring system, this
project an automated way of controlling signals in
accordance to the density of traffic in the roads. IR modules
(photodiode and IR sensor) are placed in the entire
intersecting road at fixed distances(say5cm)fromthesignal
placed in the junction [6]. The time delay at the trafficlightis
set based on the density of automobiles/vehicles on the
roads.
The IR modules are used to sense the number of
vehicles/density of vehicles on the road. According to the IR
count, microcontroller takes

Fig -1: Overview of Proposed Design
appropriate decisions as to which road is to be given the
highest priority and the longest time delay for the
corresponding traffic light. In normal condition i.e. in the
simple traffic light with, the count is stored in
microcontroller and 1st LED is on. Similarly, if the traffic
density is more than normal traffic, then 2nd or 2 LEDs are
on. Similarly, for the third one. If the traffic is high on any
side, then sensors are activated and microcontroller gets a
signal from OP-AMP and it immediatelychangestheposition
of counter.
In case of monitoring system, the ambulance heading
towards its destination may get stuck in traffic. In this case,
RF module helps in getting rid of the traffic, as the RF
transmitter is attached to the ambulance itself and receiver
at traffic signal. The range is defined (say 50cm) from signal.
When the ambulance comes in the range, one of the people
sitting in ambulance can turn on the RF switch and steadily,
signals changes to green and it stops the counter of other
signals and in this way, ambulance can easily pass through
the signal. As soon as the ambulance reaches its destination,
the patient RFID TAG is shown /swiped to/upon the RFID
reader, the reader reads the value and is saved in the
database from which it is retrieved by the server and the
details are displayed. The reader reads the tag and patient’s
details like unique ID number, name, age, blood group,
disease, etc and the same is transferred to medical
team/department through GSM technology.
3. DESIGN METHODOLOGY/WORKING
Initially the signals are started by giving the power supply.
The first step is to make sure that the signals are all in ON
condition. During this, all the traffic signals will blink in
yellow light. This indicates that they are all in the working
condition.
The next step is to check the traffic density on the roads . By
density what we are trying to mean in that the number of
vehicles available in a particular at a certain period of time.
The density is calculated over here by means of using an IR
and photodiode circuit.Dependingonthenumberofvehicles
passing through IR the light/ray travelling from thereceiver
(photodiode to transmitter (IR) of the IR circuit, the count of
the vehicles is registered in the microcontroller. This is
followed by the next step in which the microcontroller
decides as to which road should be given the highest
priority. This is based on the density of traffic on each road
and also it depends on the speed at which an IR circuit
registers the count [1].
The very next step is to assign time delays for each road.The
time delays have already been set for certain specific counts
in the microcontroller. As soon as the microcontroller
receives the counts from the IR circuit it will immediately
detect the density of each road and accordinglyallotthetime
delays for which each signal will show the green light. The
higher the traffic density, the longer will be the time delay
allotted.
Now turning to the last part, in the ‘monitoring’ case (fig 4),
we use RF Module i.e. RF transmitter, RF receiver and RF
switch. RF transmitter is connected to Port 3 of 89C2051
controller and RF receiver to Port 2 of 89C52 controller. A
HT12 encoder and decoder are used to convert data into
BCD code. When data is sent, 1 bit is chosen from D0, D1, D2,
D3 (encoder), code is generated and is encoded at RF
transmitter and decoded at RF receiver [3]. RF switch is
fixed in the ambulance, when turned on, it will stop the
counter. RF transmitter, GSM module and RFID reader are
fixed in ambulance itself as shown in Fig 3.
Fig -2: Movement System/Traffic Density
Fig -3: Smart Ambulance

Fig -4: Monitoring System
RFID (EM-18) are interfaced at pin no 1 and 2 at R’XandRST
pin whereas, GSM is interfaced at T’X pin i.e. port 3.1 as
shown in fig 6. When the ambulance is in the range, the RF
switch is turned ON and it can easily pass through the signal
and can turn OFF when it crosses the signal.RFtechnologyis
used for transmit the data to receiver for switching the
traffic light in emergency cases [2].
In the transmitter circuit, we use RFID Reader, Tag and GSM
technology first of all we connect RFID reader and then GSM
for sending message [5]. In the final step, when the
ambulance reaches its destination, the patientRFIDTAGcan
be swiped upon reader which send the details of patient i.e.
name, age, disease, etc to the hospital department with the
help of GSM technology.
4. CHOICE OF COMPONENTS/MAJOR TECHNICAL
LISTINGS
Table -1: Major Components
Components Model Feature/Use
Microcontroller(2) Atmel-
89C52/89C
2051
Interface sensors and SSDs.
Electrolytic capacitor 1000µF Power supply
Crystal Oscillator 11/12
MHz
External clock
Voltage regulator with
filter capacitor
7805(5V) To provide ripple free regulated
voltage.
Transistor(2) PNP For seven segment display
IR Module
IR PD
10-15 cm
in range
Transmit and Receive
Seven Segment
Display(SSD)
___ Display road
Light counter value (common
anode)
Dot Board/PCB ___ Ckt designing
Resistors(6) 470&10K Load resistance
Battery 12V Power supply
Op-Amps(2) LM-339 & As a comparator
LM-358
Variable resistor(6) ___ Reference voltage
LEDs(6) ___ Traffic light
RF Module
Transmit Receive
Encoder Decoder
433 Mhz,
HT12
encoder
and
decoder IC
RF data transmission/
ambulance data receiving
system
RF Switch 433MHz In ambulance
GSM Modem SIM 900 Messaging
RFID
TAG Reader
EM 18 Patient details/card detection
Ceramic capacitor ___ To maintain constant frequency
5. DESIGN ARCHITECTURE/PIN CONFIGURATION
Fig -5: Movement System/Traffic Control
Fig -6: Monitoring System

Pin no 18 and 19 of the microcontroller is
connected to external crystal oscillator to provide an
external clock to microcontroller by which we set the
machine cycle of the controller. For this project we use two
circuits one is transmitter and second is receiver.Inboththe
circuit we use microcontroller based circuit.
6. OBSERVATONS/TESTING
The observations are divided into two parts i.e. Movement
and Monitoring system. The table for movement system
/traffic density based system is shown below.
Table -2: Traffic Density Testing
INTERRUPTS RED GREEN YELLOW
No Interrupt(Normal timings) 4 2 2
1st Interrupt 5 3 2
2nd Interrupt 7 5 2
3rd Interrupt 9 7 2
4th Interrupt 9 7 2
5th Interrupt 9 7 2
6th Interrupt 9 7 2
As per the above table we see that when wegiveaninterrupt
to the sensors the time of the traffic lights change
automatically.
There are a total of six sensors in the project and these are
divided into two parts with each 3 sensors on each of the
two roads. The traffic density can be divided into 3
categories: 1) Low 2) Medium 3) High.
When the 1st Sensor is interrupted that means that that
traffic density is low, when the 2nd Sensor is interruptedthat
means the traffic density is medium, when the 3rd Sensor is
interrupted that means he traffic density is high. The traffic
light times changes accordingly to the traffic density
categories.
In the second part, we observe that how ambulance passes
through the traffic light signal by pressing RF switch when
stuck in traffic. Also, how message (patient details) is sent to
hospital department with the help of GSM modem, when
details are received by RFID TAG when swiped upon RFID
reader.
7. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we show that how we manage to get rid of
traffic congestion using smart movement system and to
design a smart ambulance monitoring system for modern
cities. If the road is very much busy with traffic and thereisa
heavy jam on the road. Then it’s possible at that time
ambulance use its RF signal to activate the traffic light from
red to green. Also, how the monitoring of patient is done by
RFID and GSM technology which will help thedoctorstogive
him the necessary treatment for the time being.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We express our deepest appreciation to the director of the
institute Dr. RK Raghuvanshi for providing useverypossible
facility to do the project work. We are grateful to Dr R.N
Rajotiya HODofElectronicsandCommunicationEngineering
for encouraging us for this project. Special thanks to our
guide Dr. Ajay Sharma, Associate professor, Department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering who is alsothe
supervisor of this project work. We are indebted to him for
his expert, sincere and valuable guidance and
encouragement extended to us.
REFERENCES
[1] Inam Ullah Khan, Muhammad Umar Khan, Hafiz
Muhammmad, Syed Bilal Hussain Shah” Traffic Density
Based Light Control
System”,2017,www.researchgate.net.
[2] R. Aravind, Syed Musthak Ahmed,"Design of Family
Health Care Monitoring System Using Wireless
Communication Technology”, International Journal of
Advanced Research in Computerand Communication
Engineering, Page No.-3666 3671 volume 2, Issue 9
September 2013.
[3] Working of HT12E Encoder IC available at
http://www.gadgetronicx.com/working-of-ht12e-
encoder-ic/.
[4] A review of GSM available at
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM.
[5] RFID reader manufactured by rhydoz labs,
documentation available at
http://www.rhydolabz.com/documents/rfid/RFID_Re
ader_Serial_TTL.pdf.
[6] IR Module circuit available at
https://circuitdigest.com/electronic-circuits/ir-sensor-
circuit-diagram

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