International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 8030
STUDY ON PEDESTRIAN CROSSING BEHAVIOUR AT INTERSECTIONS
Maria Francis1, Archana.S2
1Maria Francis, PG Scholar, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Jyothi Engineering College, Kerala, India
2Archana.S, Assistant Professor, of Civil Engineering, Jyothi Engineering College, Kerala, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Among different modes in transportation
walking is one of the sustainable mode in urban
transportation especiallyinIndia, becauseoftheflexibilityand
mobility involved in the walking mode. Pedestriansface many
problems during the crossing of crosswalk at intersections.
Study of pedestrian crossing behavior under mixed traffic
conditions is required in order to provide necessary
infrastructure. It also helps in achieving the pedestrian safety
especially at intersections. This study focuses on analyzing
the crossing behavior of pedestrians like crossing speed
variation and pedestrian crossing compliance with signal
under mixed traffic conditionsatcontrolledand uncontrolled
intersections. Influencing factors of pedestrian crossing
behavior are identified based on statistical tests. Three
controlled and uncontrolled intersections were identified in
Thrissur district. Video graphic method was adopted for data
collection. Observed pedestrian samples from these
intersections were used for analyzing the crossing behavior
of pedestrians. To identify the significant factors that affects
the traffic signal compliance, Pearson’s correlation
coefficient test and ANOVA test is used. Influencing factors
that affects pedestrian crossing speed were studied. Thisstudy
helps in understanding the pedestrian crossing behavior
at both controlled and uncontrolled intersections. The major
findings of this study are age, gender and group
characteristics are the significant factors affectingpedestrian
crossing speed and also gender, crossing speed and age has a
significant affect in pedestrian compliance behavior.
Key Words: Pedestrian Compliance, Pedestrian
Crossing Behaviour, Pedestrian Crossing Speed.
1. INTRODUCTION
A person who travels on foot is termed as pedestrian.
Pedestrian can be any person walking, running, standing or
sitting on a road, a pram or in a mobility device or persons in
a toy vehicle and not capable of exceeding 10 km/h is
known as pedestrian Walking is always recommended for
a healthy life and it is also considered to be a clear
example of sustainable mode of transport especially
suitable for urban use and for shorter distances.
Nowadays, pedestrianspacesarebecomingincreasinglyrare
due to the importance bestowed to vehicular modes of
travel, in the planning and design of transportation systems,
pedestrians are not taken into account. At some point every
person is a pedestrian. So, it is necessary to consider the
various issues relevant to pedestrians such as pedestrian
safety, convenience and amenities.
A crosswalk is a fundamental pedestrian facilityintheurban
roadway system which helps the pedestrians to safely cross
the streets. This study identifies pedestrian characteristics
such as pedestrian crossing speed and their compliance
behavior towards traffic regulations at the respectivestudy
areas and evaluating the significant factors that affect
pedestrian crossing speed in the crosswalks at
intersections. A video survey is preferred for this study and
detailed analyses is needed in order to study the changes
of pedestrian characteristics. Length of the crosswalk and
pedestrian speed are very important indicators to
determine minimum pedestrian crossing timing.
1.1 Objectives
 To examine the effects of pedestrian
characteristics on pedestrian crossing
behavior
 To identify the significant factors that affect
pedestrian crossing speed in crosswalks at
both controlled and uncontrolled
intersections
 To determine the most significant factors
affecting pedestrian compliance behaviour
2. BACKGROUND
In order to carry out the study, more information regarding
the pedestrians and their crossing behaviour wererequired.
For this, different journals were referred and the
information gathered was used for the successful execution
of the study.
Marisamynathan. et al. [5] analyzed the crossing behavior of
pedestrians like crossing speed, compliancewith signal and
pedestrian vehicular interaction under mixed traffic
conditions and identified the influencing factors based on
statistical tests. Factors influencing pedestrian crossing
speed was studied and a design crossing speed was
determined for old 0.95m/s and adult pedestrians 1.12m/s.
Jain,A,. et al. [4] This paper is focused on studying the
crossing behavior of pedestrians at uncontrolled
intersections in Roorkee. Various factors related to
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 8031
pedestrian characteristics, pedestrian movements, traffic
conditions, road conditions, walking environmental
surroundings and intersection was considered. Pedestrian
characteristics like age, gender and that of carrying baggage
or luggage and their respective crossing patterns was
examined. Considering the safety margins and gaps
accepted by pedestrian in traffic stream pedestrian safety
was also analyzed. It was observed that males and
children have higher crossing speed. Approximately one
out of five pedestrians has the safety margins of 0 second.
Pedestrian waiting time analysis can be used to decide the
need of pedestrian facility in that area
Tabish., S et al. [9] conducted pedestrian study by observing
their speed and behavior in different environments with
varying city size and population. Ambala and Chandigarh
cities was the study locations.Data collectionwasdoneusing
manual count and questionnaire survey at the study
locations. Questionnaire survey included questions
related the pedestrian facilities like, choice of under
bridge/ over bridge, choiceoflightening,frequencyofvisitof
pedestrian’s. In this project the information of pedestrian
facilities was gathered. It helped to establish a methodology
to deal with pedestrian optimization problems
3. DATA COLLECTION
A video graphic survey has been done at six
intersections namely, Mundur, Choodnal, Akkikavu,
Peramangalam, Palakkal and Ottupara. Each of these six
intersections have three approaches and a camera was
setup at an elevated station to record the data to
each approach of these intersections. The survey was
done for morning and evening to find out the pedestrian
peak hour in the respective intersections
4. DATA ANALYSIS
4.1 Pedestrian Crossing Patterns
During the analysis of recorded data from various study
locations in Thrissur city, two major crossing patterns
were observed, this can be classified as (a) one/two and
(b) perpendicular/oblique crossings. The proportion of
pedestrian estimated within these different crossing
patterns for all study locations at both controlled and
uncontrolled intersections are shown in Table 1 and 2
In controlled intersections major proportion of pedestrians
in the study locations are crossing in perpendicularwithone
step crossing pattern. Main reasonforthisis,pedestriansare
safer to cross during their green phase and therefore they
can easily cross the road without any objections. But in the
case of uncontrolled intersections pedestrian vehicular
interactions are more and therefore they cannot complete
their crossing in one step pattern and therefore two step
perpendicular patterns is mostly observed in these
intersections
Table -1: Pedestrian Crossing Patterns at Controlled
Intersections
Total Number of Samples Observed- 294
Crossing
Patterns
Pedestrians Crossing (%)
One Step Two Step
Perpendicular
Crossing
42.86 27.56
Oblique crossing 21.47 6.12
Overall 66.32 33.68
Table -2: Pedestrian Crossing Patterns at Uncontrolled
Intersections
Total Number of Samples Observed- 545
Crossing
Patterns
Pedestrians Crossing (%)
One Step Two Step
Perpendicular
Crossing
22.93 36.70
Oblique
crossing
21.47 18.90
Overall 44.40 55.60
4.2 Crossing Speed and Crossing Pattern
The crossing speed of the pedestrians is observed
for perpendicular and oblique crossingconditionseparately.
The analysis of crossing speed is done for one step
crossing and two step crossing separately for controlled
and uncontrolled intersections. The analysispresentedhere
is by using data of all study locations. From the graphs
plotted 50th percentile crossing speed of pedestrians is
obtained. Crossing speed ranges between 1.8 – 2.0 m/s in
one step perpendicular crossing at uncontrolled
intersections and 1.8 – 3.0 m/s at controlled intersections.
The cumulative frequency curves of pedestrian
crossing speed for the crossing patterns are given in Fig 1-4
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 8032
Chart -1 Cumulative Frequency Curves for
Perpendicular Movements at Uncontrolled Intersections
Chart -2 Cumulative Frequency Curves for
Perpendicular Movements at Controlled Intersections
Chart -3 Cumulative Frequency Curves for Oblique
Movements at Controlled Intersections
Chart -4 Cumulative Frequency Curves for Oblique
Movements at Uncontrolled Intersections
4.3 Video graphic Data at Collected Intersections
The obtained mean crossing speed of Mundur and Akkikavu
is 1.43m/s and 1.32m/s respectively which is greater than
1.2m/s. In Choondal the mean crossing speed of pedestrians
is observed to be less than 1.2m/s. In Akkikavu and
Choondal 15% of pedestrians crosses with a speed of 1m/s
and 1.05m/s respectively which is lower than the assumed
crossing speed 1.2m/s? The median speed of all three
intersections is very much higher than the 1.2 m/s. Thus it
can be understood that pedestrians crosses the crosswalk
with less crossing time and thushavegreatercrossingspeed.
Table -3: Pedestrian Crossing Patterns at Controlled
Intersections
Location Mundur Akkikavu Choondal
Time of
Survey
8:30-9:30
15:30-
16:30
16:00-
17:00
Crosswalk
Length(m)
14.60 9.40 14.60
No. of
Samples
109 89 96
Direction Two Two Two
Mean
Speed(m/s)
1.43 1.32 1.15
Standard
Deviation
0.28 0.75 0.55
V15(m/s) 1.89 1.00 1.05
V50(m/s) 3.22 1.80 2.36
V85(m/s) 4.40 3.90 3.80
The field study conducted in Palakkal, Peramangalam and
Akkikavu also shows that the crossing speed of pedestrians
is around the assumed constant value 1.2m/s (IRC-year
1985). 545 samples were observed from the three
intersections for analyzing their crossing behaviour.
Crossing speed of pedestrians can be obtained by dividing
the crossing distance by crossing time. The mean crossing
speed of Peramangalam and Palakkal is 1.03m/s and
1.0m/s respectively which is less than 1.2m/s. In Ottupara
the mean crossing speed of pedestrians is observed to be
greater than 1.2m/s. From the collected data it is observed
that Ottupara intersection has a median speed greater than
1.2m/s. Thus it can be understoodthatthepedestrianshave
less crossing speed in uncontrolled intersectionscompared
to controlled intersections, this may be duetotheincreased
pedestrian vehicular interaction at uncontrolled
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 8033
intersections. So the pedestrians are more cautiousatthese
intersections
Table -4: Pedestrian Crossing Patterns at Uncontrolled
Intersections
Location Palakkal Peramangalam Ottupara
Time of
Survey
8:15 - 9:15 16:30 - 17:30 8:00 - 9:00
Crosswalk
Length(m)
14.60 20.00 9.80
No. of
Samples
135 253 157
Direction Two Two Two
Mean
Speed(m/s)
1.00 1.03 1.31
Standard
Deviation
0.30 0.57 0.40
V15(m/s) 0.65 0.56 0.90
V50(m/s) 1.10 0.98 2.70
V85(m/s) 2.80 2.60 4.2
4.4 Analysis of Variation in Crossing Speed
Among various categories considered male pedestrians
and adult category have higher crossing speed compared
to the other groups. There is no significant variation
observed in pedestrian’s speed due to handling of
baggage. The least crossing speed is observed for the old
people among various categories
Chart -5 Cumulative Frequency Curves for Oblique
Movements at Uncontrolled intersections
Chart -6 Cumulative Frequency Curves for Oblique
Movements at Controlled intersections
4.5 Significant Parameter Estimation Using SPSS
25.0 Software
The pedestrian crossing speed is analyzed usingANOVAtest
to investigate the significant factors that affect the crossing
speed at signalized intersections. The ANOVA test was
performed using SPSS 25.0 software. Gender, Age group,
group size during pedestrian departure is the parameters
considered for ANOVA test based on the literature review
references. The test was performed at 95% confidence
interval and statistical results are shown in Table 5 and
Table 6
Table -5: Results of ANOVA Test on Factors Influencing
Crossing Speed Variations at Uncontrolled Intersection
Factor F value P value Remarks
Age 10.624 0.00 Significant
Gender 6.371 0.00 Significant
Group 7.554 0.006 Significant
Baggage
Carrying
5.019 0.036 Significant
Table -6: Results of ANOVA Test on Factors Influencing
Crossing Speed Variations at Controlled Intersection
Factor
F value P value Remarks
Age 26.284 0.00 Significant
Gender 33.685 0.00 Significant
Group 5.412 0.021 Significant
Baggage
Carrying
.295 0.587 Not significant
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 8034
4.5 Significant Parameter EstimationofPedestrian
Compliance Using SPSS 25.0 Software
Pedestrian compliance behaviors are analyzed using
Pearson's correlation coefficient, and ANOVA test, to
investigate the main factors that affect the pedestrian
compliance with traffic signals at signalized intersections.
Gender, age, group, number of pedestrians and crossing
speed are the parameters considered for statistical test. All
tests are performed in SPSS 25.0softwareat95%confidence
interval. The statistical results are shown in Table 7
Table -7: Results of ANOVA Test and Pearson Correlation
Test on Factors Influencing Factors Influencing
Compliance Behaviour
Factors
Pearson Correlations ANOVA
Coefficient P value Coefficient P value
Gender .116* .048 2.870 0.058
Age .016 .784 6.362 0.00
Crossing
Speed
-.313** 0.00 1.763 0.048
Group 0.078 0.185 1.639 0.035
4. CONCLUSION
The pedestrian crossing behavior at three controlled and
three uncontrolled intersections were found out and
based on the conducted statistical tests, the significant
factors affecting the pedestrian crossing speed variations
and compliance behavior were identified and tabulated.
The major findings were: Among the crossing patterns
more pedestrians crosses the roads in perpendicular
direction and two stage crossing pattern is greater in
uncontrolled intersections. In both type of
intersections pedestrian crossing speed of a male is faster
than that of a female. Adult and child group of
pedestrians have greater crossing speed compared to old
people. The average crossing speed of uncontrolled
intersections is less than 1.2m/s and that of controlled
intersections’ is greater than 1.2m/s. Pedestrians are
more cautious while crossing uncontrolled intersections
and hence they have less crossing speeds. The
pedestrian crossing behavior analysis is the important
factor for deciding the assurance of pedestrian safety on
roads. And this study is helpful to develop pedestrian
delay models at controlled and uncontrolledintersections
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am thankful to teaching staffs and Department of Civil
Engineering, Jyothi Engineering College, for great support
throughout this project. I am deeply indebted to
Kunnamkulam, Peramangalam, Wadakkancher and
Neduppuzha Traffic Police Stations who helped to collect
accident data.
REFERENCES
[1] Alhajyaseen,W,K,M and Asano,I,M, “Analysis of
pedestrian clearance time at signalized cross walks
in Japan”. Procedia Computer Science, vol.32,2014,
pp. 301-308.
[2] Anoop,P,A.,Aswathy,T,B.,Rachana,K,B.,Chandran.V.,
and Paul,B., “Analysis of pedestrian risk exposurein
Thrissur city.” International Research of Journal of
Engineering and Technology, vol. 3(4), 2006.
[3] Chandra.,S., Rastogi.,R., Asano.,M and M.,K.,Wael
“Descriptive and parametric analysis of pedestrian
gap acceptance in mixed traffic condition”. KSCE
Journal of Civil Engineering vol. 18, 2014, pp. 284-
293.
[4] Jain,A., Gupta,A and Rastogi,R “Pedestrian crossing
behavior analysis at intersections”. International
Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,
vol. 4(1), 2014, pp. 103-116.
[5] Marisamynathan and Perumal,V., “Study on
pedestrian crossing behavior at signalized
intersections”. Journal ofTrafficandTransportation
Engineering, vol. 1(2), 2014, pp. 103-110.
[6] Muley, D., Kharbeche, M., Alhajyaseen, WandSalem,
M.,“Pedestrian’s Crossing Behavior at Marked
Crosswalks on Channelized Right-Turn Lanes at
Intersections” Procedia Computer Science, vol.
109C, 2017, pp.233–240.
[7] Park,J,H. and Li.S., “Pedestrian Crossing Behavior
and Compliance at Signalized Intersections” Road
Safety of Five Continents,2014, pp. 1-12.
[8] Shaabana, K. and Abdel-Waritha, K., “Agent-based
Modeling of Pedestrian Behavior at an Unmarked
Midblock Crossing.” Procedia Computer Science,
vol. 109, 2017, pp. 26–33.
[9] Tabish,S. and Kumar,M., “Research paper on study
of pedestrian crossing behavior, analysis at
intersection.” International Journal of Latest
Research in Science and Technology, vol. 4(6),
2017, pp. 43-47.
[10] Zhang, C., Zhou, B., Qiu,Z,T. and Liu,S.,“ Pedestrian
crossing behaviors at uncontrolledmulti-lanemid-
block crosswalks in developing world.” Journal of
Safety Research, vol. 64, 2018, pp. 145–154.

More Related Content

PPTX
Pedestrian level of service for crosswalks at urban intersections
PDF
IRJET- Assessment of Pedestrian Level of Service at Major Market
PDF
IRJET- A Review Paper on Automatic Traffic Control System to Reduce Accidents...
PDF
IRJET- A Study to Determine Pedestrian Walkability Index in Mixed Traffic...
PPT
Traffic flow and Capacity (Pedestrian Mode)
PPTX
Station Accessibility Plan(SAP) for Vijaynagar Metro Station by RK
PPTX
Roadway condition presentation grp 04
PPTX
Roadway condition survey
Pedestrian level of service for crosswalks at urban intersections
IRJET- Assessment of Pedestrian Level of Service at Major Market
IRJET- A Review Paper on Automatic Traffic Control System to Reduce Accidents...
IRJET- A Study to Determine Pedestrian Walkability Index in Mixed Traffic...
Traffic flow and Capacity (Pedestrian Mode)
Station Accessibility Plan(SAP) for Vijaynagar Metro Station by RK
Roadway condition presentation grp 04
Roadway condition survey

What's hot (20)

PDF
Simulation of pedestrian at intersection in urban congested area
PDF
Traffic survey student activity janata bazar kolhapur
PPTX
Road widening ppt
DOCX
Roadway condition survey full report(BUET)
PPT
KAI - Modern Urban Roundabouts
PPTX
Transportation planning
PPTX
Road condition survey by ahmed ferdous - 1004137-buet
PDF
Chapter 8
PPTX
Transportation Engineering I
PPTX
Roadway condition survey
PPTX
Road way condition survey presentation final
PPTX
Fundamentals of traffic Engg
PPTX
Cc503 traffic managemant part1
PPTX
Road way Condition Of Panthapath-Russell Square Intersection
PPTX
Road network presentation
PPTX
Chapter 1 traffic characterstics
PPTX
ROADWAY CONDITION SURVEY
PPTX
Traffic engineering
PPTX
traffic engineering
PDF
02-B Components of Traffic System [Roadway and Control Device] (Traffic Engin...
Simulation of pedestrian at intersection in urban congested area
Traffic survey student activity janata bazar kolhapur
Road widening ppt
Roadway condition survey full report(BUET)
KAI - Modern Urban Roundabouts
Transportation planning
Road condition survey by ahmed ferdous - 1004137-buet
Chapter 8
Transportation Engineering I
Roadway condition survey
Road way condition survey presentation final
Fundamentals of traffic Engg
Cc503 traffic managemant part1
Road way Condition Of Panthapath-Russell Square Intersection
Road network presentation
Chapter 1 traffic characterstics
ROADWAY CONDITION SURVEY
Traffic engineering
traffic engineering
02-B Components of Traffic System [Roadway and Control Device] (Traffic Engin...
Ad

Similar to IRJET- Study on Pedestrian Crossing Behaviour at Intersections (20)

PPTX
PPT - Chetan D - Format for PPT for phase one presentation
PDF
IRJET- Pedestrian Risk Analysis at Uncontrolled Midblock
PPTX
Pedestrian crossing behavior at the roads
PDF
Evaluation of Pedestrian Walking Speed Change Patterns at Crosswalks in Pales...
PDF
IRJET- To Study Pedestrian Road Crossing Behaviour at Intersection under ...
PDF
IRJET- Comprehensive Analysis of Pedestrian Behaviour under Mixed Flow Condit...
PPTX
Safety assessment of pedestrian at intersection.pptx
PDF
MODELLING OF PEDESTRIAN GAP ACCEPTANCE BEHAVIOUR AT UNCONTROLLED INTERSECTIONS
PDF
Analysis of Pedestrian Vehicle Interactions and Delay Interaction on Traffic...
PDF
Evaluation of Pedestrian Safety and Road Crossing Behavior at Midblock Crosswalk
PDF
THE IMPACT OF WAITING TIME ON PEDESTRIAN VIOLATIONS AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS
PDF
The Impact of Waiting Time on Pedestrian Violations at Signalized Intersections
PDF
IRJET- Pedestrian Safety Analysis at School Zones
PDF
Mitigating collisions between pedestrians and vehicles
PDF
Pedestrian Conflict Risk Model at Unsignalized Locations on a Community Street
PPTX
Modelling pedestrinas' behavior at road crossings; a case study in kathmandu
PDF
IRJET- A Review on Feasibilty Study on Facilities for Pedestraians at Iblur J...
PPTX
DESIGN OF A CIRCULAR COMPOSITE FOOTBRIDGE AT THE.pptx
DOCX
Lab Assignment #3 How Fast Are Pedestrians Crossing the Road .docx
PDF
N0123298103
PPT - Chetan D - Format for PPT for phase one presentation
IRJET- Pedestrian Risk Analysis at Uncontrolled Midblock
Pedestrian crossing behavior at the roads
Evaluation of Pedestrian Walking Speed Change Patterns at Crosswalks in Pales...
IRJET- To Study Pedestrian Road Crossing Behaviour at Intersection under ...
IRJET- Comprehensive Analysis of Pedestrian Behaviour under Mixed Flow Condit...
Safety assessment of pedestrian at intersection.pptx
MODELLING OF PEDESTRIAN GAP ACCEPTANCE BEHAVIOUR AT UNCONTROLLED INTERSECTIONS
Analysis of Pedestrian Vehicle Interactions and Delay Interaction on Traffic...
Evaluation of Pedestrian Safety and Road Crossing Behavior at Midblock Crosswalk
THE IMPACT OF WAITING TIME ON PEDESTRIAN VIOLATIONS AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS
The Impact of Waiting Time on Pedestrian Violations at Signalized Intersections
IRJET- Pedestrian Safety Analysis at School Zones
Mitigating collisions between pedestrians and vehicles
Pedestrian Conflict Risk Model at Unsignalized Locations on a Community Street
Modelling pedestrinas' behavior at road crossings; a case study in kathmandu
IRJET- A Review on Feasibilty Study on Facilities for Pedestraians at Iblur J...
DESIGN OF A CIRCULAR COMPOSITE FOOTBRIDGE AT THE.pptx
Lab Assignment #3 How Fast Are Pedestrians Crossing the Road .docx
N0123298103
Ad

More from IRJET Journal (20)

PDF
Enhanced heart disease prediction using SKNDGR ensemble Machine Learning Model
PDF
Utilizing Biomedical Waste for Sustainable Brick Manufacturing: A Novel Appro...
PDF
Kiona – A Smart Society Automation Project
PDF
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BATTERY THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING PHASE CHANG...
PDF
Invest in Innovation: Empowering Ideas through Blockchain Based Crowdfunding
PDF
SPACE WATCH YOUR REAL-TIME SPACE INFORMATION HUB
PDF
A Review on Influence of Fluid Viscous Damper on The Behaviour of Multi-store...
PDF
Wireless Arduino Control via Mobile: Eliminating the Need for a Dedicated Wir...
PDF
Explainable AI(XAI) using LIME and Disease Detection in Mango Leaf by Transfe...
PDF
BRAIN TUMOUR DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION
PDF
The Project Manager as an ambassador of the contract. The case of NEC4 ECC co...
PDF
"Enhanced Heat Transfer Performance in Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers: A CFD ...
PDF
Advancements in CFD Analysis of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers with Nanofluid...
PDF
Breast Cancer Detection using Computer Vision
PDF
Auto-Charging E-Vehicle with its battery Management.
PDF
Analysis of high energy charge particle in the Heliosphere
PDF
A Novel System for Recommending Agricultural Crops Using Machine Learning App...
PDF
Auto-Charging E-Vehicle with its battery Management.
PDF
Analysis of high energy charge particle in the Heliosphere
PDF
Wireless Arduino Control via Mobile: Eliminating the Need for a Dedicated Wir...
Enhanced heart disease prediction using SKNDGR ensemble Machine Learning Model
Utilizing Biomedical Waste for Sustainable Brick Manufacturing: A Novel Appro...
Kiona – A Smart Society Automation Project
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BATTERY THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING PHASE CHANG...
Invest in Innovation: Empowering Ideas through Blockchain Based Crowdfunding
SPACE WATCH YOUR REAL-TIME SPACE INFORMATION HUB
A Review on Influence of Fluid Viscous Damper on The Behaviour of Multi-store...
Wireless Arduino Control via Mobile: Eliminating the Need for a Dedicated Wir...
Explainable AI(XAI) using LIME and Disease Detection in Mango Leaf by Transfe...
BRAIN TUMOUR DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION
The Project Manager as an ambassador of the contract. The case of NEC4 ECC co...
"Enhanced Heat Transfer Performance in Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers: A CFD ...
Advancements in CFD Analysis of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers with Nanofluid...
Breast Cancer Detection using Computer Vision
Auto-Charging E-Vehicle with its battery Management.
Analysis of high energy charge particle in the Heliosphere
A Novel System for Recommending Agricultural Crops Using Machine Learning App...
Auto-Charging E-Vehicle with its battery Management.
Analysis of high energy charge particle in the Heliosphere
Wireless Arduino Control via Mobile: Eliminating the Need for a Dedicated Wir...

Recently uploaded (20)

PDF
Influence of Green Infrastructure on Residents’ Endorsement of the New Ecolog...
PPTX
mechattonicsand iotwith sensor and actuator
PDF
Computer organization and architecuture Digital Notes....pdf
PPTX
Graph Data Structures with Types, Traversals, Connectivity, and Real-Life App...
PPTX
Management Information system : MIS-e-Business Systems.pptx
PDF
Accra-Kumasi Expressway - Prefeasibility Report Volume 1 of 7.11.2018.pdf
PPTX
wireless networks, mobile computing.pptx
PPTX
Petroleum Refining & Petrochemicals.pptx
PDF
August -2025_Top10 Read_Articles_ijait.pdf
PDF
20250617 - IR - Global Guide for HR - 51 pages.pdf
PDF
distributed database system" (DDBS) is often used to refer to both the distri...
PPTX
tack Data Structure with Array and Linked List Implementation, Push and Pop O...
PPTX
Measurement Uncertainty and Measurement System analysis
PDF
Design of Material Handling Equipment Lecture Note
PDF
Applications of Equal_Area_Criterion.pdf
PDF
Cryptography and Network Security-Module-I.pdf
PDF
LOW POWER CLASS AB SI POWER AMPLIFIER FOR WIRELESS MEDICAL SENSOR NETWORK
PPTX
Feature types and data preprocessing steps
PDF
First part_B-Image Processing - 1 of 2).pdf
PDF
Unit I -OPERATING SYSTEMS_SRM_KATTANKULATHUR.pptx.pdf
Influence of Green Infrastructure on Residents’ Endorsement of the New Ecolog...
mechattonicsand iotwith sensor and actuator
Computer organization and architecuture Digital Notes....pdf
Graph Data Structures with Types, Traversals, Connectivity, and Real-Life App...
Management Information system : MIS-e-Business Systems.pptx
Accra-Kumasi Expressway - Prefeasibility Report Volume 1 of 7.11.2018.pdf
wireless networks, mobile computing.pptx
Petroleum Refining & Petrochemicals.pptx
August -2025_Top10 Read_Articles_ijait.pdf
20250617 - IR - Global Guide for HR - 51 pages.pdf
distributed database system" (DDBS) is often used to refer to both the distri...
tack Data Structure with Array and Linked List Implementation, Push and Pop O...
Measurement Uncertainty and Measurement System analysis
Design of Material Handling Equipment Lecture Note
Applications of Equal_Area_Criterion.pdf
Cryptography and Network Security-Module-I.pdf
LOW POWER CLASS AB SI POWER AMPLIFIER FOR WIRELESS MEDICAL SENSOR NETWORK
Feature types and data preprocessing steps
First part_B-Image Processing - 1 of 2).pdf
Unit I -OPERATING SYSTEMS_SRM_KATTANKULATHUR.pptx.pdf

IRJET- Study on Pedestrian Crossing Behaviour at Intersections

  • 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 8030 STUDY ON PEDESTRIAN CROSSING BEHAVIOUR AT INTERSECTIONS Maria Francis1, Archana.S2 1Maria Francis, PG Scholar, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Jyothi Engineering College, Kerala, India 2Archana.S, Assistant Professor, of Civil Engineering, Jyothi Engineering College, Kerala, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Among different modes in transportation walking is one of the sustainable mode in urban transportation especiallyinIndia, becauseoftheflexibilityand mobility involved in the walking mode. Pedestriansface many problems during the crossing of crosswalk at intersections. Study of pedestrian crossing behavior under mixed traffic conditions is required in order to provide necessary infrastructure. It also helps in achieving the pedestrian safety especially at intersections. This study focuses on analyzing the crossing behavior of pedestrians like crossing speed variation and pedestrian crossing compliance with signal under mixed traffic conditionsatcontrolledand uncontrolled intersections. Influencing factors of pedestrian crossing behavior are identified based on statistical tests. Three controlled and uncontrolled intersections were identified in Thrissur district. Video graphic method was adopted for data collection. Observed pedestrian samples from these intersections were used for analyzing the crossing behavior of pedestrians. To identify the significant factors that affects the traffic signal compliance, Pearson’s correlation coefficient test and ANOVA test is used. Influencing factors that affects pedestrian crossing speed were studied. Thisstudy helps in understanding the pedestrian crossing behavior at both controlled and uncontrolled intersections. The major findings of this study are age, gender and group characteristics are the significant factors affectingpedestrian crossing speed and also gender, crossing speed and age has a significant affect in pedestrian compliance behavior. Key Words: Pedestrian Compliance, Pedestrian Crossing Behaviour, Pedestrian Crossing Speed. 1. INTRODUCTION A person who travels on foot is termed as pedestrian. Pedestrian can be any person walking, running, standing or sitting on a road, a pram or in a mobility device or persons in a toy vehicle and not capable of exceeding 10 km/h is known as pedestrian Walking is always recommended for a healthy life and it is also considered to be a clear example of sustainable mode of transport especially suitable for urban use and for shorter distances. Nowadays, pedestrianspacesarebecomingincreasinglyrare due to the importance bestowed to vehicular modes of travel, in the planning and design of transportation systems, pedestrians are not taken into account. At some point every person is a pedestrian. So, it is necessary to consider the various issues relevant to pedestrians such as pedestrian safety, convenience and amenities. A crosswalk is a fundamental pedestrian facilityintheurban roadway system which helps the pedestrians to safely cross the streets. This study identifies pedestrian characteristics such as pedestrian crossing speed and their compliance behavior towards traffic regulations at the respectivestudy areas and evaluating the significant factors that affect pedestrian crossing speed in the crosswalks at intersections. A video survey is preferred for this study and detailed analyses is needed in order to study the changes of pedestrian characteristics. Length of the crosswalk and pedestrian speed are very important indicators to determine minimum pedestrian crossing timing. 1.1 Objectives  To examine the effects of pedestrian characteristics on pedestrian crossing behavior  To identify the significant factors that affect pedestrian crossing speed in crosswalks at both controlled and uncontrolled intersections  To determine the most significant factors affecting pedestrian compliance behaviour 2. BACKGROUND In order to carry out the study, more information regarding the pedestrians and their crossing behaviour wererequired. For this, different journals were referred and the information gathered was used for the successful execution of the study. Marisamynathan. et al. [5] analyzed the crossing behavior of pedestrians like crossing speed, compliancewith signal and pedestrian vehicular interaction under mixed traffic conditions and identified the influencing factors based on statistical tests. Factors influencing pedestrian crossing speed was studied and a design crossing speed was determined for old 0.95m/s and adult pedestrians 1.12m/s. Jain,A,. et al. [4] This paper is focused on studying the crossing behavior of pedestrians at uncontrolled intersections in Roorkee. Various factors related to
  • 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 8031 pedestrian characteristics, pedestrian movements, traffic conditions, road conditions, walking environmental surroundings and intersection was considered. Pedestrian characteristics like age, gender and that of carrying baggage or luggage and their respective crossing patterns was examined. Considering the safety margins and gaps accepted by pedestrian in traffic stream pedestrian safety was also analyzed. It was observed that males and children have higher crossing speed. Approximately one out of five pedestrians has the safety margins of 0 second. Pedestrian waiting time analysis can be used to decide the need of pedestrian facility in that area Tabish., S et al. [9] conducted pedestrian study by observing their speed and behavior in different environments with varying city size and population. Ambala and Chandigarh cities was the study locations.Data collectionwasdoneusing manual count and questionnaire survey at the study locations. Questionnaire survey included questions related the pedestrian facilities like, choice of under bridge/ over bridge, choiceoflightening,frequencyofvisitof pedestrian’s. In this project the information of pedestrian facilities was gathered. It helped to establish a methodology to deal with pedestrian optimization problems 3. DATA COLLECTION A video graphic survey has been done at six intersections namely, Mundur, Choodnal, Akkikavu, Peramangalam, Palakkal and Ottupara. Each of these six intersections have three approaches and a camera was setup at an elevated station to record the data to each approach of these intersections. The survey was done for morning and evening to find out the pedestrian peak hour in the respective intersections 4. DATA ANALYSIS 4.1 Pedestrian Crossing Patterns During the analysis of recorded data from various study locations in Thrissur city, two major crossing patterns were observed, this can be classified as (a) one/two and (b) perpendicular/oblique crossings. The proportion of pedestrian estimated within these different crossing patterns for all study locations at both controlled and uncontrolled intersections are shown in Table 1 and 2 In controlled intersections major proportion of pedestrians in the study locations are crossing in perpendicularwithone step crossing pattern. Main reasonforthisis,pedestriansare safer to cross during their green phase and therefore they can easily cross the road without any objections. But in the case of uncontrolled intersections pedestrian vehicular interactions are more and therefore they cannot complete their crossing in one step pattern and therefore two step perpendicular patterns is mostly observed in these intersections Table -1: Pedestrian Crossing Patterns at Controlled Intersections Total Number of Samples Observed- 294 Crossing Patterns Pedestrians Crossing (%) One Step Two Step Perpendicular Crossing 42.86 27.56 Oblique crossing 21.47 6.12 Overall 66.32 33.68 Table -2: Pedestrian Crossing Patterns at Uncontrolled Intersections Total Number of Samples Observed- 545 Crossing Patterns Pedestrians Crossing (%) One Step Two Step Perpendicular Crossing 22.93 36.70 Oblique crossing 21.47 18.90 Overall 44.40 55.60 4.2 Crossing Speed and Crossing Pattern The crossing speed of the pedestrians is observed for perpendicular and oblique crossingconditionseparately. The analysis of crossing speed is done for one step crossing and two step crossing separately for controlled and uncontrolled intersections. The analysispresentedhere is by using data of all study locations. From the graphs plotted 50th percentile crossing speed of pedestrians is obtained. Crossing speed ranges between 1.8 – 2.0 m/s in one step perpendicular crossing at uncontrolled intersections and 1.8 – 3.0 m/s at controlled intersections. The cumulative frequency curves of pedestrian crossing speed for the crossing patterns are given in Fig 1-4
  • 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 8032 Chart -1 Cumulative Frequency Curves for Perpendicular Movements at Uncontrolled Intersections Chart -2 Cumulative Frequency Curves for Perpendicular Movements at Controlled Intersections Chart -3 Cumulative Frequency Curves for Oblique Movements at Controlled Intersections Chart -4 Cumulative Frequency Curves for Oblique Movements at Uncontrolled Intersections 4.3 Video graphic Data at Collected Intersections The obtained mean crossing speed of Mundur and Akkikavu is 1.43m/s and 1.32m/s respectively which is greater than 1.2m/s. In Choondal the mean crossing speed of pedestrians is observed to be less than 1.2m/s. In Akkikavu and Choondal 15% of pedestrians crosses with a speed of 1m/s and 1.05m/s respectively which is lower than the assumed crossing speed 1.2m/s? The median speed of all three intersections is very much higher than the 1.2 m/s. Thus it can be understood that pedestrians crosses the crosswalk with less crossing time and thushavegreatercrossingspeed. Table -3: Pedestrian Crossing Patterns at Controlled Intersections Location Mundur Akkikavu Choondal Time of Survey 8:30-9:30 15:30- 16:30 16:00- 17:00 Crosswalk Length(m) 14.60 9.40 14.60 No. of Samples 109 89 96 Direction Two Two Two Mean Speed(m/s) 1.43 1.32 1.15 Standard Deviation 0.28 0.75 0.55 V15(m/s) 1.89 1.00 1.05 V50(m/s) 3.22 1.80 2.36 V85(m/s) 4.40 3.90 3.80 The field study conducted in Palakkal, Peramangalam and Akkikavu also shows that the crossing speed of pedestrians is around the assumed constant value 1.2m/s (IRC-year 1985). 545 samples were observed from the three intersections for analyzing their crossing behaviour. Crossing speed of pedestrians can be obtained by dividing the crossing distance by crossing time. The mean crossing speed of Peramangalam and Palakkal is 1.03m/s and 1.0m/s respectively which is less than 1.2m/s. In Ottupara the mean crossing speed of pedestrians is observed to be greater than 1.2m/s. From the collected data it is observed that Ottupara intersection has a median speed greater than 1.2m/s. Thus it can be understoodthatthepedestrianshave less crossing speed in uncontrolled intersectionscompared to controlled intersections, this may be duetotheincreased pedestrian vehicular interaction at uncontrolled
  • 4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 8033 intersections. So the pedestrians are more cautiousatthese intersections Table -4: Pedestrian Crossing Patterns at Uncontrolled Intersections Location Palakkal Peramangalam Ottupara Time of Survey 8:15 - 9:15 16:30 - 17:30 8:00 - 9:00 Crosswalk Length(m) 14.60 20.00 9.80 No. of Samples 135 253 157 Direction Two Two Two Mean Speed(m/s) 1.00 1.03 1.31 Standard Deviation 0.30 0.57 0.40 V15(m/s) 0.65 0.56 0.90 V50(m/s) 1.10 0.98 2.70 V85(m/s) 2.80 2.60 4.2 4.4 Analysis of Variation in Crossing Speed Among various categories considered male pedestrians and adult category have higher crossing speed compared to the other groups. There is no significant variation observed in pedestrian’s speed due to handling of baggage. The least crossing speed is observed for the old people among various categories Chart -5 Cumulative Frequency Curves for Oblique Movements at Uncontrolled intersections Chart -6 Cumulative Frequency Curves for Oblique Movements at Controlled intersections 4.5 Significant Parameter Estimation Using SPSS 25.0 Software The pedestrian crossing speed is analyzed usingANOVAtest to investigate the significant factors that affect the crossing speed at signalized intersections. The ANOVA test was performed using SPSS 25.0 software. Gender, Age group, group size during pedestrian departure is the parameters considered for ANOVA test based on the literature review references. The test was performed at 95% confidence interval and statistical results are shown in Table 5 and Table 6 Table -5: Results of ANOVA Test on Factors Influencing Crossing Speed Variations at Uncontrolled Intersection Factor F value P value Remarks Age 10.624 0.00 Significant Gender 6.371 0.00 Significant Group 7.554 0.006 Significant Baggage Carrying 5.019 0.036 Significant Table -6: Results of ANOVA Test on Factors Influencing Crossing Speed Variations at Controlled Intersection Factor F value P value Remarks Age 26.284 0.00 Significant Gender 33.685 0.00 Significant Group 5.412 0.021 Significant Baggage Carrying .295 0.587 Not significant
  • 5. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 8034 4.5 Significant Parameter EstimationofPedestrian Compliance Using SPSS 25.0 Software Pedestrian compliance behaviors are analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, and ANOVA test, to investigate the main factors that affect the pedestrian compliance with traffic signals at signalized intersections. Gender, age, group, number of pedestrians and crossing speed are the parameters considered for statistical test. All tests are performed in SPSS 25.0softwareat95%confidence interval. The statistical results are shown in Table 7 Table -7: Results of ANOVA Test and Pearson Correlation Test on Factors Influencing Factors Influencing Compliance Behaviour Factors Pearson Correlations ANOVA Coefficient P value Coefficient P value Gender .116* .048 2.870 0.058 Age .016 .784 6.362 0.00 Crossing Speed -.313** 0.00 1.763 0.048 Group 0.078 0.185 1.639 0.035 4. CONCLUSION The pedestrian crossing behavior at three controlled and three uncontrolled intersections were found out and based on the conducted statistical tests, the significant factors affecting the pedestrian crossing speed variations and compliance behavior were identified and tabulated. The major findings were: Among the crossing patterns more pedestrians crosses the roads in perpendicular direction and two stage crossing pattern is greater in uncontrolled intersections. In both type of intersections pedestrian crossing speed of a male is faster than that of a female. Adult and child group of pedestrians have greater crossing speed compared to old people. The average crossing speed of uncontrolled intersections is less than 1.2m/s and that of controlled intersections’ is greater than 1.2m/s. Pedestrians are more cautious while crossing uncontrolled intersections and hence they have less crossing speeds. The pedestrian crossing behavior analysis is the important factor for deciding the assurance of pedestrian safety on roads. And this study is helpful to develop pedestrian delay models at controlled and uncontrolledintersections ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am thankful to teaching staffs and Department of Civil Engineering, Jyothi Engineering College, for great support throughout this project. I am deeply indebted to Kunnamkulam, Peramangalam, Wadakkancher and Neduppuzha Traffic Police Stations who helped to collect accident data. REFERENCES [1] Alhajyaseen,W,K,M and Asano,I,M, “Analysis of pedestrian clearance time at signalized cross walks in Japan”. Procedia Computer Science, vol.32,2014, pp. 301-308. [2] Anoop,P,A.,Aswathy,T,B.,Rachana,K,B.,Chandran.V., and Paul,B., “Analysis of pedestrian risk exposurein Thrissur city.” International Research of Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 3(4), 2006. [3] Chandra.,S., Rastogi.,R., Asano.,M and M.,K.,Wael “Descriptive and parametric analysis of pedestrian gap acceptance in mixed traffic condition”. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering vol. 18, 2014, pp. 284- 293. [4] Jain,A., Gupta,A and Rastogi,R “Pedestrian crossing behavior analysis at intersections”. International Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, vol. 4(1), 2014, pp. 103-116. [5] Marisamynathan and Perumal,V., “Study on pedestrian crossing behavior at signalized intersections”. Journal ofTrafficandTransportation Engineering, vol. 1(2), 2014, pp. 103-110. [6] Muley, D., Kharbeche, M., Alhajyaseen, WandSalem, M.,“Pedestrian’s Crossing Behavior at Marked Crosswalks on Channelized Right-Turn Lanes at Intersections” Procedia Computer Science, vol. 109C, 2017, pp.233–240. [7] Park,J,H. and Li.S., “Pedestrian Crossing Behavior and Compliance at Signalized Intersections” Road Safety of Five Continents,2014, pp. 1-12. [8] Shaabana, K. and Abdel-Waritha, K., “Agent-based Modeling of Pedestrian Behavior at an Unmarked Midblock Crossing.” Procedia Computer Science, vol. 109, 2017, pp. 26–33. [9] Tabish,S. and Kumar,M., “Research paper on study of pedestrian crossing behavior, analysis at intersection.” International Journal of Latest Research in Science and Technology, vol. 4(6), 2017, pp. 43-47. [10] Zhang, C., Zhou, B., Qiu,Z,T. and Liu,S.,“ Pedestrian crossing behaviors at uncontrolledmulti-lanemid- block crosswalks in developing world.” Journal of Safety Research, vol. 64, 2018, pp. 145–154.