SlideShare a Scribd company logo
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1253
ANALYSIS OF PEDESTRIAN VEHICLE INTERACTIONS AND DELAY
INTERACTION ON TRAFFIC FLOW AT NTR NAGAR
B.VENKAT PRANAY1, JAVEDALI M JALEGAR2
1Post graduate Student Department of Civil Engineering AVNIET, Ibrahimpatnam, India
2Assistance Professor, Department of Civil Engineering AVNIET, Ibrahimpatnam, India.
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
ABSTRACT - Several studies are there to understand the
pedestrian movement and all the studies are based on
fundamental diagrams only. These studies construct a base to
characterize pedestrian flow. Several experiments have
conducted to understand the pedestrian flow, likewise some
field observations have done to represent fundamental
diagrams. Therefore, before going to analyze the data from
the observation, it is necessary to note down the pedestrian
flow parameters carefully.
The aim of the paper is to build up the base to fundamental
diagrams and for characterization of pedestrian. And derive
the required flow diagrams and results from the field
observations. Field survey is conducted to know the vehicle
pedestrian interaction, and this field data with respect to
pedestrian crossing at signalized, unsignalized or at midblock
sections is aimed to be observed. And the impact of vehicle
pedestrian interaction at several intersections/ midblock
sections is to be studied.
To do this, some places are chosen from Hyderabad. Itisaimed
to be observing whether the pedestrian fundamental diagram
is different in alternate locations or not. In this study it is
found that fundamental diagrams are different in different
locations of Hyderabad.
Keywords: Disturbed and undisturbed pedestrian
crosswalk movement, signalized unsignalized and
midblock sections, fundamental diagrams, vehicle
pedestrian interactions.
1. INTRODUCTION
Walking has always been the primary means of human
motion. And that’s why we considered the pedestrians are
the basic elements of transportation. Coming to the
pedestrian crosswalks there were several cross walks like
zebra crossing are designed for a road, provide gainful work
to assist the pedestrians to move from one side to the other
side of road, and which plays a significant role in the
mobility and safety mode of un signalized intersections. In
some other places like where the busy traffic takes place,
pedestrian choose the mid blockstocrosstheroad.Butthere
is no safety as compared to signalized and unsignalized
intersections. Even many pedestrian crosswalks are taking
place in these unsignalized crossing sections.
Depend on the vehicular pedestrian motion demand cross
walk width is defined. Some existing manuals are published
about the crosswalk width, but they do not provide clear
specifications for the required crosswalk width, regarding
different pedestrian demand volumes and properties.
Pedestrian flow consists of two types, unidirectional (single
file motion) and bidirectional. In unidirectional flow,
pedestrian motion is in one direction only, whereas in
bidirectional pedestrian can walk from the both direction
and interact with each other. Pedestrian road safetyisone of
the major aspects of transportation engineering in urban
areas. The illegal crossing behavior of the pedestrian is a
major fact in the road safety issue.
Traffic density is a fundamental macroscopic characteristic
of traffic flow, and is used in assessing traffic performance
from the point of view of users and system operators. It is
also employed as the primary control variable in freeway
control and surveillance systems. Traffic density(k) can be
defined as the number of vehicles occupying in a unit length
of roadway at a given section. Density is also an important
measure of the quality of traffic flow, as it is a measure ofthe
proximity of other vehicles, a factor which influences
freedom to manoeuvre and the psychological comfort of
drivers. For these reasons, the Highway Capacity
Manual used the traffic density as the primary measure of
level of service (LOS).
The technique is to calculate density from speed and flow
measurements. This calculation technique requires two
detectors, count and speed or two closely spaced detectors
with software to convert elapsed travel time to speed. The
density can then be calculated as the division of flow by
speed. One problem with this approach is that it uses the
time-mean-speed at this measurement stationinsteadofthe
space-mean-speed
The VIP(Video image processing) is multiple lane detection
system which requires higher mounting camera position
allowing for better angle and wider view of lanes on the
road. In this case, the video image processing recognizes
overlapped vehicles as single objects. There are also
concerns regarding accuracy of VIP results when processing
video images with lane changes, light variation, shadows,
vibration due to wind, and/or trucks that obscure full view
of vehicles.
A model created for unsignalized crossingwasderivedusing
a traffic signal analogy concept by SPSS statistics output
viewer. The signal analogy concept treats pedestrians and
vehicles periods in a priority(major) traffic stream (as
defined in the traditional gap acceptance modelling). The
calibration of performance models was carried out using
data generated by the Spss software at microscopic level.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1254
This model is more realistic than the commonly usedsimple
exponential model.
1.1 Objectives of the Study
The thesis here is focused on developing pedestrian motion
which can describe the vehicular pedestrian interaction at
the anti crossing zone and location was chosen to collect the
data from Ntr Nagar, Hyderabad.
 To provide the best design spaces for pedestrian
motion is studied empirically.
 To analyze the basic flow parameters like speed,
density of pedestrian motion at microscopic level.
 To develop fundamental diagrams between flow
and density parameters.
 To provide mobility and safety mode at signalized
intersections.
 To analyze the pedestrian characteristics under
mixed traffic conditions.
 To reduce the vehicle pedestrian interaction at
signalized and un signalized sections.
2. METHODOLOGY
Figure 1: Flowchart showing the research methodology
2.1 StatisticalPackagefortheSocialSciences (SPSS)
SPSS Modeller is a data mining and text analytics software
application. It is used to build predictivemodelsandconduct
batched and non-batched statistical analysis. It has a visual
interface which allows users to leverage statistical and data
mining algorithms without programming.
SPSS Statistics places constraints on internal file
structure, data types, data processing, and matching files,
which together considerably simplify programming. SPSS
datasets have a two-dimensional table structure, where the
rows typically represent cases (such as individuals or
households)andthecolumnsrepresentmeasurements(such
as age, sex, or household income). Only two data types are
defined: numeric and text (or "string"). All data processing
occurs sequentially case-by-case through the file (dataset).
Files can be matched one-to-one and one-to-many, but not
many-to-many. In addition to that cases-by-variables
structure and processing, there is a separate Matrix session
where one can process data as matrices using matrix and
linear algebra operations.
here dependent variable is total time taken to cross i.e.
clearance time and waiting time and independent variables
are Percentage of gaps accepted, heavy vehicles, average
speed, age factor etc.
m.y= a1x1+a2x2+a3x3+...........+an xn
where a1,a2 are independent coefficients; m,y are
dependent variable.
x1,x2 are variables
The graphical user interface has two views which can be
toggled by clicking on one of the two tabs in the bottom left
of the SPSS Statistics window. The 'Data View' shows
a spreadsheet view of the cases (rows) and variables
(columns). Unlike spreadsheets, the data cells can only
contain numbers or text, and formulas cannot be stored in
these cells. The 'Variable View' displays the metadata
dictionary where each row represents a variable and shows
the variable name, variable label, value labels, print width,
measurement type, and a variety of other characteristics.
Cells in both views can be manually edited, defining the file
structure and allowing data entry without using command
syntax. This may be sufficient for small datasets. Larger
datasets such as statistical surveys are more often created
in data entry software, or entered during computer-assisted
personal interviewing, by scanning and using optical
recognition . These datasets are then read into SPSS.
Statistical output is to proprietary file (supporting pivot
tables) for which, in addition to the in-package viewer, a
stand-alone reader can be downloaded. The proprietary
output can be exportedtotextor Microsoft Word,PDF,Excel,
and other formats. Alternatively, output can be captured as
data (using the OMS command), as text, tab-delimited
text, PDF, XLS, HTML, XML, SPSS dataset or a number of
variety of graphic image formats like
(JPEG, PNG, BMP and EMF).
Collection of data on
Roadway/geometric
parameters
Collection of Traffic
flow data by Video
graphic Survey
Classified Traffic Volume
Counts for every 5 minutes
interval
Classified Pedestrian Volume
counts for 5 minutes interval
Represent the data into
Pedestrian Speed, Space
sheets
Represent the data
into Gap sheets
Identification of Peak hour and Flow rate
Input the Values in SPSS Software
Create a Model
Identification of
unsignalized
anti-crossing zone
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1255
Multiple regression is an extension of simple linear
regression. It is used when we want to predict the value of a
variable based on the value of two or more other variables.
The variable we want to predict is called the dependent
variable (or sometimes, the outcome, target for further
comparison with the disturbed pedestrian crossings.
Figure: 3.2.2 flow diagram of undisturbed pedestrians at
NTR Nagar Road
Most of the pedestrian used this section of the road and the
variation is different with respective the time period.
Weaving, merging and diverging was observed from left to
right and right to left in the field while crossing the road
section. The flow observed was equal to 628, 492 and
483ped/hr respectively.
4. ANALYSIS:
4.1 Relationship analysis for Pedestrian flow:
a) Flow Vs Density
In a hypothetical case, when flow approaches to zero at very
high speeds, the density also approaches zero. With an
increase in speed, the flow increases up to a certainlimitand
then decreases. Thus, at the optimum values of speed and
density, the flow is maximum achievable capacity flow.
Figure: 4.1.1 fundamental relationships between flow
and density
The above figure shows the flow and density relationship in
Ntr Nagar. When the speed of the traffic flow decreases the
density attains the maximum value.Whereasflowdecreases,
then becomes zero.
b) speed-density relation:
The relation between speed and density is linear. And speed
is the basic input for the fundamental diagram. Practically it
is not possible in all cases like zero density andfreespeed on
the road.
From the beginning, the data was taken from NTR Nagar to
set the fundamental diagrams of pedestrian flow.
Linear Regression Analysis is a well-known technique for
fitting a straight line between dependent and independent
variables.
Y = a + bX
Similarly speed and density are related in a linear form, i.e.
u = a + bk
Figure: 4.1.2 fundamental relationships between speed
and density
To improve the test results number of experiments were
conducted. The above graph which show the linear
relationship between speed and density of pedestrian flow.
The data were collected in the peak hour period. From the
figure with increase in speed of a stream of vehicles on a
roadway, the density per unit length decreases. This is
because gap or spacing between vehicles is increasing with
increase in speed.
c) Flow vs Speed
The above figure represents fundamental relationship
between flow and speed. If flow increases automatically
speed also increases, if flow decreases, speedalsodecreases.
Flow and Speed both are parallel to each other.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1256
5. RESULT
5.1 Description
In this study, data was analyzed and the result shows the
fundamental relation between the speed-densityandspeed-
distance headway of pedestrian flow. And the differences
between the disturbed and undisturbed pedestrian flow is
shown by hypothesis testing. Regression analysis has been
conducted to get the statistical results. Simple linear
regression analysis is well known statistical technique for
fitting mathematical relationship between dependent and
independent variables.
From the manual count method pedestrianflowiscalculated
for every 5minutes. From this, it is noted down that the
pedestrian flow variesfromsectiontosectionandfromplace
to place also. The size of the data collection depends on the
length of the counting period, The type of count being
performed, crosswalks being observed and the road
conditions.
6. CONCLUSION
 Pedestrian crosswalk data is recorded at
particular location to get the speed and flow of
that particular pedestrian stream.
 Undisturbed data is useful to compare with
disturbed data for determining the difference in
hypothesis test.
 This study intended to find the fundamental
relationship between speed, flow and density by
using IRC 2012 code.
 Pedestrian flow rate, peak hour composition was
determined by using HCM manual and IRC 2012
(Guidelines for Pedestrians)
 In this study, i represented 372 data points,
included all these data points in Statistical
Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) software.
 Linear Regression analysis is done by using these
data points and a 'Model' is developed.
 Linear regression analysis is done in order to
predict the value of the dependent variable for
individuals for concerning the
explanatory/independent variable is available.
 R2 is a measure of goodness of fit linear regression
and the value is 0.265 and "T ratio" value as 2.067
and the test results are significant.
 Better and easy way for pedestrian crossing is
implementing pedestrian safety interventions for
road geometry.
 Reduce pedestrian exposure to vehicular traffic
Example: The interventions like providing
sidewalks install and upgradetrafficandpedestrian
signals, constructing the pedestrian refuge islands,
raised medians, enhanced marked crossings,
overpasses/underpasses and improving the mass
transit route design
 Reduce vehicle speed
Examples of interventions like reduce speed
limit, implementing area wise lower speed limit,
install speed management measures at
intersections
REFERENCE
1. Chattaraj U and Chakrobroty P (2014), ‟
Comparision of Pedestrian Fundamental Diagram
Across Cultures". Advances in complex systems pp.
393-405
2. C. Raj, Shetty (2014). Understanding Pedestrian
Motion: Experiments and Modelling. Ph.D. Thesis.
IIT Kanpur, India.
3. U Chattaraj, Chakroborty,P. andSeyfried,A.(2013).
Empirical Studies on Pedestrian Motion through
Corridors of Different Geometrics.Inproceedingsof
the 89th Annual Meeting of the Transportation
Research Board, Washington, D.C, USA.
Model Un
standardized
Coefficients
Standar
dized
Coefficie
nts
T Sig.
B Std.
Error
Beta
Constant 30.28 1.828 0.31 16.5
Gaps
accepted
0.52 0.034 0.31 2.14 0.02
Heavy
vehicles
0.176 0.094 0.121 3.87 0.04
% of
accepted
Gaps
0.017 0.152 0.06 5.10 0.05
Average
speed=
distance/
time
-
0.077
-0.035 -.114 -
4.98
5
0.03
V16 (Age) 0.025 0.023 1.069 2.06
7
0.08
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1257
4. Older, S.J. (2013). Movement of Pedestrians on
Footways in the Shopping Streets. The Traffic
Engineering and Control, 10 (4), pp. 160–163.
5. Navin Faul. Partner .D. and Wheeler, R.J. (2013).
Pedestrian Flow Characteristics. Traffic
Engineering, 39 (9), pp. 30–36.
6. Polus, Atlander John (2009). Pedestrian Flow and
Level of Service. Journal of Transportation
Engineering, ASCE, 109 (1), pp. 46–56
7. Henderson, L.F. and Lyons, D.J. (2008). Sexual
Differences in Human Crowd Motion. Nature, 240
(5380), pp. 353–355
8. Young, S.B. (2012). Evaluation of Pedestrian
Walking Speeds inside the Airport Terminals.
Transportation Research Record, Transportation
Research Board, National Research Council,
Washington, USA, pp. 20–26.
9. Morrall, J.F., Ratnayake, L.L. and Seneviratne, P.N.
(2013). Comparison of CBD Pedestrian
Characteristics in Canada. TransportationResearch
Record, 1294.

More Related Content

PDF
A Landmark Based Shortest Path Detection by Using A* and Haversine Formula
PDF
Real-Time Video Processing using Contour Numbers and Angles for Non-urban Roa...
PDF
Recognition of road markings from street-level panoramic images for automated...
PDF
IRJET- Smart Railway System using Trip Chaining Method
PDF
K012437080
PDF
Information Model and Its Element for Displaying Information on Technical Con...
PDF
76201909
PDF
IRJET- Management of Traffic at Road Intersection using Software Modelling
A Landmark Based Shortest Path Detection by Using A* and Haversine Formula
Real-Time Video Processing using Contour Numbers and Angles for Non-urban Roa...
Recognition of road markings from street-level panoramic images for automated...
IRJET- Smart Railway System using Trip Chaining Method
K012437080
Information Model and Its Element for Displaying Information on Technical Con...
76201909
IRJET- Management of Traffic at Road Intersection using Software Modelling

Similar to Analysis of Pedestrian Vehicle Interactions and Delay Interaction on Traffic Flow at NTR Nagar (20)

PPTX
Project on brts(ahmedabad)
PDF
Analysis of Road Network using Remote Sensing and GIS Data Udham Singh Nagar ...
PDF
Simulation of pedestrian at intersection in urban congested area
PDF
IRJET- To Study Pedestrian Road Crossing Behaviour at Intersection under ...
PDF
Highway_Mobility_and_Vehicular_Ad-Hoc_Networks_in_.pdf
PDF
Modified Congestion Re-Routing Scheme using Centralized Road Side Unit
PDF
An Open Source Java Code For Visualizing Supply Chain Problems
PDF
IRJET- Detailed Survey & Analysis of a Traffic System on Mid Block Sectio...
PDF
ENHANCING URBAN ROAD NETWORK EFFICIENCY IN KERALA, INDIA: A COMPREHENSIVE ANA...
PDF
Autonomous Driving Scene Parsing
PDF
IRJET- Traffic Prediction Techniques: Comprehensive analysis
PDF
TRAFFIC FORECAST FOR INTELLECTUAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM USING MACHINE LEARNING
PDF
IRJET- Efficient and Secure Communication In Vehicular AD HOC Network
PDF
Performance evaluation of aodv and olsr in vanet under realistic mobility
PDF
Enhanced Bee Colony Optimization Mechanism In Content Recommendation System
PDF
IRJET- Traffic Sign Recognition for Autonomous Cars
PDF
CREATING DATA OUTPUTS FROM MULTI AGENT TRAFFIC MICRO SIMULATION TO ASSIMILATI...
PDF
IRJET-To Analyze Calibration of Car-Following Behavior of Vehicles
PDF
STUDY OF AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEMS AT AMRAVATI
PDF
An open source Java code for visualizing supply chain problems
Project on brts(ahmedabad)
Analysis of Road Network using Remote Sensing and GIS Data Udham Singh Nagar ...
Simulation of pedestrian at intersection in urban congested area
IRJET- To Study Pedestrian Road Crossing Behaviour at Intersection under ...
Highway_Mobility_and_Vehicular_Ad-Hoc_Networks_in_.pdf
Modified Congestion Re-Routing Scheme using Centralized Road Side Unit
An Open Source Java Code For Visualizing Supply Chain Problems
IRJET- Detailed Survey & Analysis of a Traffic System on Mid Block Sectio...
ENHANCING URBAN ROAD NETWORK EFFICIENCY IN KERALA, INDIA: A COMPREHENSIVE ANA...
Autonomous Driving Scene Parsing
IRJET- Traffic Prediction Techniques: Comprehensive analysis
TRAFFIC FORECAST FOR INTELLECTUAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM USING MACHINE LEARNING
IRJET- Efficient and Secure Communication In Vehicular AD HOC Network
Performance evaluation of aodv and olsr in vanet under realistic mobility
Enhanced Bee Colony Optimization Mechanism In Content Recommendation System
IRJET- Traffic Sign Recognition for Autonomous Cars
CREATING DATA OUTPUTS FROM MULTI AGENT TRAFFIC MICRO SIMULATION TO ASSIMILATI...
IRJET-To Analyze Calibration of Car-Following Behavior of Vehicles
STUDY OF AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEMS AT AMRAVATI
An open source Java code for visualizing supply chain problems
Ad

More from IRJET Journal (20)

PDF
Enhanced heart disease prediction using SKNDGR ensemble Machine Learning Model
PDF
Utilizing Biomedical Waste for Sustainable Brick Manufacturing: A Novel Appro...
PDF
Kiona – A Smart Society Automation Project
PDF
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BATTERY THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING PHASE CHANG...
PDF
Invest in Innovation: Empowering Ideas through Blockchain Based Crowdfunding
PDF
SPACE WATCH YOUR REAL-TIME SPACE INFORMATION HUB
PDF
A Review on Influence of Fluid Viscous Damper on The Behaviour of Multi-store...
PDF
Wireless Arduino Control via Mobile: Eliminating the Need for a Dedicated Wir...
PDF
Explainable AI(XAI) using LIME and Disease Detection in Mango Leaf by Transfe...
PDF
BRAIN TUMOUR DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION
PDF
The Project Manager as an ambassador of the contract. The case of NEC4 ECC co...
PDF
"Enhanced Heat Transfer Performance in Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers: A CFD ...
PDF
Advancements in CFD Analysis of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers with Nanofluid...
PDF
Breast Cancer Detection using Computer Vision
PDF
Auto-Charging E-Vehicle with its battery Management.
PDF
Analysis of high energy charge particle in the Heliosphere
PDF
A Novel System for Recommending Agricultural Crops Using Machine Learning App...
PDF
Auto-Charging E-Vehicle with its battery Management.
PDF
Analysis of high energy charge particle in the Heliosphere
PDF
Wireless Arduino Control via Mobile: Eliminating the Need for a Dedicated Wir...
Enhanced heart disease prediction using SKNDGR ensemble Machine Learning Model
Utilizing Biomedical Waste for Sustainable Brick Manufacturing: A Novel Appro...
Kiona – A Smart Society Automation Project
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BATTERY THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING PHASE CHANG...
Invest in Innovation: Empowering Ideas through Blockchain Based Crowdfunding
SPACE WATCH YOUR REAL-TIME SPACE INFORMATION HUB
A Review on Influence of Fluid Viscous Damper on The Behaviour of Multi-store...
Wireless Arduino Control via Mobile: Eliminating the Need for a Dedicated Wir...
Explainable AI(XAI) using LIME and Disease Detection in Mango Leaf by Transfe...
BRAIN TUMOUR DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION
The Project Manager as an ambassador of the contract. The case of NEC4 ECC co...
"Enhanced Heat Transfer Performance in Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers: A CFD ...
Advancements in CFD Analysis of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers with Nanofluid...
Breast Cancer Detection using Computer Vision
Auto-Charging E-Vehicle with its battery Management.
Analysis of high energy charge particle in the Heliosphere
A Novel System for Recommending Agricultural Crops Using Machine Learning App...
Auto-Charging E-Vehicle with its battery Management.
Analysis of high energy charge particle in the Heliosphere
Wireless Arduino Control via Mobile: Eliminating the Need for a Dedicated Wir...
Ad

Recently uploaded (20)

PDF
Embodied AI: Ushering in the Next Era of Intelligent Systems
PPTX
CYBER-CRIMES AND SECURITY A guide to understanding
PPTX
Foundation to blockchain - A guide to Blockchain Tech
PPTX
MCN 401 KTU-2019-PPE KITS-MODULE 2.pptx
PDF
SM_6th-Sem__Cse_Internet-of-Things.pdf IOT
PDF
ETO & MEO Certificate of Competency Questions and Answers
PDF
Model Code of Practice - Construction Work - 21102022 .pdf
PDF
July 2025 - Top 10 Read Articles in International Journal of Software Enginee...
PDF
Operating System & Kernel Study Guide-1 - converted.pdf
PDF
Mohammad Mahdi Farshadian CV - Prospective PhD Student 2026
PDF
Structs to JSON How Go Powers REST APIs.pdf
PPTX
Lesson 3_Tessellation.pptx finite Mathematics
PPTX
OOP with Java - Java Introduction (Basics)
PPTX
Fluid Mechanics, Module 3: Basics of Fluid Mechanics
PPT
Drone Technology Electronics components_1
PDF
Evaluating the Democratization of the Turkish Armed Forces from a Normative P...
PDF
BMEC211 - INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS-1.pdf
PPTX
Engineering Ethics, Safety and Environment [Autosaved] (1).pptx
PPTX
web development for engineering and engineering
PDF
Digital Logic Computer Design lecture notes
Embodied AI: Ushering in the Next Era of Intelligent Systems
CYBER-CRIMES AND SECURITY A guide to understanding
Foundation to blockchain - A guide to Blockchain Tech
MCN 401 KTU-2019-PPE KITS-MODULE 2.pptx
SM_6th-Sem__Cse_Internet-of-Things.pdf IOT
ETO & MEO Certificate of Competency Questions and Answers
Model Code of Practice - Construction Work - 21102022 .pdf
July 2025 - Top 10 Read Articles in International Journal of Software Enginee...
Operating System & Kernel Study Guide-1 - converted.pdf
Mohammad Mahdi Farshadian CV - Prospective PhD Student 2026
Structs to JSON How Go Powers REST APIs.pdf
Lesson 3_Tessellation.pptx finite Mathematics
OOP with Java - Java Introduction (Basics)
Fluid Mechanics, Module 3: Basics of Fluid Mechanics
Drone Technology Electronics components_1
Evaluating the Democratization of the Turkish Armed Forces from a Normative P...
BMEC211 - INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS-1.pdf
Engineering Ethics, Safety and Environment [Autosaved] (1).pptx
web development for engineering and engineering
Digital Logic Computer Design lecture notes

Analysis of Pedestrian Vehicle Interactions and Delay Interaction on Traffic Flow at NTR Nagar

  • 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1253 ANALYSIS OF PEDESTRIAN VEHICLE INTERACTIONS AND DELAY INTERACTION ON TRAFFIC FLOW AT NTR NAGAR B.VENKAT PRANAY1, JAVEDALI M JALEGAR2 1Post graduate Student Department of Civil Engineering AVNIET, Ibrahimpatnam, India 2Assistance Professor, Department of Civil Engineering AVNIET, Ibrahimpatnam, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT - Several studies are there to understand the pedestrian movement and all the studies are based on fundamental diagrams only. These studies construct a base to characterize pedestrian flow. Several experiments have conducted to understand the pedestrian flow, likewise some field observations have done to represent fundamental diagrams. Therefore, before going to analyze the data from the observation, it is necessary to note down the pedestrian flow parameters carefully. The aim of the paper is to build up the base to fundamental diagrams and for characterization of pedestrian. And derive the required flow diagrams and results from the field observations. Field survey is conducted to know the vehicle pedestrian interaction, and this field data with respect to pedestrian crossing at signalized, unsignalized or at midblock sections is aimed to be observed. And the impact of vehicle pedestrian interaction at several intersections/ midblock sections is to be studied. To do this, some places are chosen from Hyderabad. Itisaimed to be observing whether the pedestrian fundamental diagram is different in alternate locations or not. In this study it is found that fundamental diagrams are different in different locations of Hyderabad. Keywords: Disturbed and undisturbed pedestrian crosswalk movement, signalized unsignalized and midblock sections, fundamental diagrams, vehicle pedestrian interactions. 1. INTRODUCTION Walking has always been the primary means of human motion. And that’s why we considered the pedestrians are the basic elements of transportation. Coming to the pedestrian crosswalks there were several cross walks like zebra crossing are designed for a road, provide gainful work to assist the pedestrians to move from one side to the other side of road, and which plays a significant role in the mobility and safety mode of un signalized intersections. In some other places like where the busy traffic takes place, pedestrian choose the mid blockstocrosstheroad.Butthere is no safety as compared to signalized and unsignalized intersections. Even many pedestrian crosswalks are taking place in these unsignalized crossing sections. Depend on the vehicular pedestrian motion demand cross walk width is defined. Some existing manuals are published about the crosswalk width, but they do not provide clear specifications for the required crosswalk width, regarding different pedestrian demand volumes and properties. Pedestrian flow consists of two types, unidirectional (single file motion) and bidirectional. In unidirectional flow, pedestrian motion is in one direction only, whereas in bidirectional pedestrian can walk from the both direction and interact with each other. Pedestrian road safetyisone of the major aspects of transportation engineering in urban areas. The illegal crossing behavior of the pedestrian is a major fact in the road safety issue. Traffic density is a fundamental macroscopic characteristic of traffic flow, and is used in assessing traffic performance from the point of view of users and system operators. It is also employed as the primary control variable in freeway control and surveillance systems. Traffic density(k) can be defined as the number of vehicles occupying in a unit length of roadway at a given section. Density is also an important measure of the quality of traffic flow, as it is a measure ofthe proximity of other vehicles, a factor which influences freedom to manoeuvre and the psychological comfort of drivers. For these reasons, the Highway Capacity Manual used the traffic density as the primary measure of level of service (LOS). The technique is to calculate density from speed and flow measurements. This calculation technique requires two detectors, count and speed or two closely spaced detectors with software to convert elapsed travel time to speed. The density can then be calculated as the division of flow by speed. One problem with this approach is that it uses the time-mean-speed at this measurement stationinsteadofthe space-mean-speed The VIP(Video image processing) is multiple lane detection system which requires higher mounting camera position allowing for better angle and wider view of lanes on the road. In this case, the video image processing recognizes overlapped vehicles as single objects. There are also concerns regarding accuracy of VIP results when processing video images with lane changes, light variation, shadows, vibration due to wind, and/or trucks that obscure full view of vehicles. A model created for unsignalized crossingwasderivedusing a traffic signal analogy concept by SPSS statistics output viewer. The signal analogy concept treats pedestrians and vehicles periods in a priority(major) traffic stream (as defined in the traditional gap acceptance modelling). The calibration of performance models was carried out using data generated by the Spss software at microscopic level.
  • 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1254 This model is more realistic than the commonly usedsimple exponential model. 1.1 Objectives of the Study The thesis here is focused on developing pedestrian motion which can describe the vehicular pedestrian interaction at the anti crossing zone and location was chosen to collect the data from Ntr Nagar, Hyderabad.  To provide the best design spaces for pedestrian motion is studied empirically.  To analyze the basic flow parameters like speed, density of pedestrian motion at microscopic level.  To develop fundamental diagrams between flow and density parameters.  To provide mobility and safety mode at signalized intersections.  To analyze the pedestrian characteristics under mixed traffic conditions.  To reduce the vehicle pedestrian interaction at signalized and un signalized sections. 2. METHODOLOGY Figure 1: Flowchart showing the research methodology 2.1 StatisticalPackagefortheSocialSciences (SPSS) SPSS Modeller is a data mining and text analytics software application. It is used to build predictivemodelsandconduct batched and non-batched statistical analysis. It has a visual interface which allows users to leverage statistical and data mining algorithms without programming. SPSS Statistics places constraints on internal file structure, data types, data processing, and matching files, which together considerably simplify programming. SPSS datasets have a two-dimensional table structure, where the rows typically represent cases (such as individuals or households)andthecolumnsrepresentmeasurements(such as age, sex, or household income). Only two data types are defined: numeric and text (or "string"). All data processing occurs sequentially case-by-case through the file (dataset). Files can be matched one-to-one and one-to-many, but not many-to-many. In addition to that cases-by-variables structure and processing, there is a separate Matrix session where one can process data as matrices using matrix and linear algebra operations. here dependent variable is total time taken to cross i.e. clearance time and waiting time and independent variables are Percentage of gaps accepted, heavy vehicles, average speed, age factor etc. m.y= a1x1+a2x2+a3x3+...........+an xn where a1,a2 are independent coefficients; m,y are dependent variable. x1,x2 are variables The graphical user interface has two views which can be toggled by clicking on one of the two tabs in the bottom left of the SPSS Statistics window. The 'Data View' shows a spreadsheet view of the cases (rows) and variables (columns). Unlike spreadsheets, the data cells can only contain numbers or text, and formulas cannot be stored in these cells. The 'Variable View' displays the metadata dictionary where each row represents a variable and shows the variable name, variable label, value labels, print width, measurement type, and a variety of other characteristics. Cells in both views can be manually edited, defining the file structure and allowing data entry without using command syntax. This may be sufficient for small datasets. Larger datasets such as statistical surveys are more often created in data entry software, or entered during computer-assisted personal interviewing, by scanning and using optical recognition . These datasets are then read into SPSS. Statistical output is to proprietary file (supporting pivot tables) for which, in addition to the in-package viewer, a stand-alone reader can be downloaded. The proprietary output can be exportedtotextor Microsoft Word,PDF,Excel, and other formats. Alternatively, output can be captured as data (using the OMS command), as text, tab-delimited text, PDF, XLS, HTML, XML, SPSS dataset or a number of variety of graphic image formats like (JPEG, PNG, BMP and EMF). Collection of data on Roadway/geometric parameters Collection of Traffic flow data by Video graphic Survey Classified Traffic Volume Counts for every 5 minutes interval Classified Pedestrian Volume counts for 5 minutes interval Represent the data into Pedestrian Speed, Space sheets Represent the data into Gap sheets Identification of Peak hour and Flow rate Input the Values in SPSS Software Create a Model Identification of unsignalized anti-crossing zone
  • 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1255 Multiple regression is an extension of simple linear regression. It is used when we want to predict the value of a variable based on the value of two or more other variables. The variable we want to predict is called the dependent variable (or sometimes, the outcome, target for further comparison with the disturbed pedestrian crossings. Figure: 3.2.2 flow diagram of undisturbed pedestrians at NTR Nagar Road Most of the pedestrian used this section of the road and the variation is different with respective the time period. Weaving, merging and diverging was observed from left to right and right to left in the field while crossing the road section. The flow observed was equal to 628, 492 and 483ped/hr respectively. 4. ANALYSIS: 4.1 Relationship analysis for Pedestrian flow: a) Flow Vs Density In a hypothetical case, when flow approaches to zero at very high speeds, the density also approaches zero. With an increase in speed, the flow increases up to a certainlimitand then decreases. Thus, at the optimum values of speed and density, the flow is maximum achievable capacity flow. Figure: 4.1.1 fundamental relationships between flow and density The above figure shows the flow and density relationship in Ntr Nagar. When the speed of the traffic flow decreases the density attains the maximum value.Whereasflowdecreases, then becomes zero. b) speed-density relation: The relation between speed and density is linear. And speed is the basic input for the fundamental diagram. Practically it is not possible in all cases like zero density andfreespeed on the road. From the beginning, the data was taken from NTR Nagar to set the fundamental diagrams of pedestrian flow. Linear Regression Analysis is a well-known technique for fitting a straight line between dependent and independent variables. Y = a + bX Similarly speed and density are related in a linear form, i.e. u = a + bk Figure: 4.1.2 fundamental relationships between speed and density To improve the test results number of experiments were conducted. The above graph which show the linear relationship between speed and density of pedestrian flow. The data were collected in the peak hour period. From the figure with increase in speed of a stream of vehicles on a roadway, the density per unit length decreases. This is because gap or spacing between vehicles is increasing with increase in speed. c) Flow vs Speed The above figure represents fundamental relationship between flow and speed. If flow increases automatically speed also increases, if flow decreases, speedalsodecreases. Flow and Speed both are parallel to each other.
  • 4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1256 5. RESULT 5.1 Description In this study, data was analyzed and the result shows the fundamental relation between the speed-densityandspeed- distance headway of pedestrian flow. And the differences between the disturbed and undisturbed pedestrian flow is shown by hypothesis testing. Regression analysis has been conducted to get the statistical results. Simple linear regression analysis is well known statistical technique for fitting mathematical relationship between dependent and independent variables. From the manual count method pedestrianflowiscalculated for every 5minutes. From this, it is noted down that the pedestrian flow variesfromsectiontosectionandfromplace to place also. The size of the data collection depends on the length of the counting period, The type of count being performed, crosswalks being observed and the road conditions. 6. CONCLUSION  Pedestrian crosswalk data is recorded at particular location to get the speed and flow of that particular pedestrian stream.  Undisturbed data is useful to compare with disturbed data for determining the difference in hypothesis test.  This study intended to find the fundamental relationship between speed, flow and density by using IRC 2012 code.  Pedestrian flow rate, peak hour composition was determined by using HCM manual and IRC 2012 (Guidelines for Pedestrians)  In this study, i represented 372 data points, included all these data points in Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) software.  Linear Regression analysis is done by using these data points and a 'Model' is developed.  Linear regression analysis is done in order to predict the value of the dependent variable for individuals for concerning the explanatory/independent variable is available.  R2 is a measure of goodness of fit linear regression and the value is 0.265 and "T ratio" value as 2.067 and the test results are significant.  Better and easy way for pedestrian crossing is implementing pedestrian safety interventions for road geometry.  Reduce pedestrian exposure to vehicular traffic Example: The interventions like providing sidewalks install and upgradetrafficandpedestrian signals, constructing the pedestrian refuge islands, raised medians, enhanced marked crossings, overpasses/underpasses and improving the mass transit route design  Reduce vehicle speed Examples of interventions like reduce speed limit, implementing area wise lower speed limit, install speed management measures at intersections REFERENCE 1. Chattaraj U and Chakrobroty P (2014), ‟ Comparision of Pedestrian Fundamental Diagram Across Cultures". Advances in complex systems pp. 393-405 2. C. Raj, Shetty (2014). Understanding Pedestrian Motion: Experiments and Modelling. Ph.D. Thesis. IIT Kanpur, India. 3. U Chattaraj, Chakroborty,P. andSeyfried,A.(2013). Empirical Studies on Pedestrian Motion through Corridors of Different Geometrics.Inproceedingsof the 89th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C, USA. Model Un standardized Coefficients Standar dized Coefficie nts T Sig. B Std. Error Beta Constant 30.28 1.828 0.31 16.5 Gaps accepted 0.52 0.034 0.31 2.14 0.02 Heavy vehicles 0.176 0.094 0.121 3.87 0.04 % of accepted Gaps 0.017 0.152 0.06 5.10 0.05 Average speed= distance/ time - 0.077 -0.035 -.114 - 4.98 5 0.03 V16 (Age) 0.025 0.023 1.069 2.06 7 0.08
  • 5. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 10 | Oct -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1257 4. Older, S.J. (2013). Movement of Pedestrians on Footways in the Shopping Streets. The Traffic Engineering and Control, 10 (4), pp. 160–163. 5. Navin Faul. Partner .D. and Wheeler, R.J. (2013). Pedestrian Flow Characteristics. Traffic Engineering, 39 (9), pp. 30–36. 6. Polus, Atlander John (2009). Pedestrian Flow and Level of Service. Journal of Transportation Engineering, ASCE, 109 (1), pp. 46–56 7. Henderson, L.F. and Lyons, D.J. (2008). Sexual Differences in Human Crowd Motion. Nature, 240 (5380), pp. 353–355 8. Young, S.B. (2012). Evaluation of Pedestrian Walking Speeds inside the Airport Terminals. Transportation Research Record, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, USA, pp. 20–26. 9. Morrall, J.F., Ratnayake, L.L. and Seneviratne, P.N. (2013). Comparison of CBD Pedestrian Characteristics in Canada. TransportationResearch Record, 1294.