IRJET- Study on Self Compacting Concrete using Recycled Aggregate as Partial Replacement for Fine Aggregate and Coarse Aggregate with Addition of Steel Fibres

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 01 | Jan 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1873
STUDY ON SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE USING RECYCLED
AGGREGATE AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR FINE AGGREGATE
AND COARSE AGGREGATE WITH ADDITION OF STEEL FIBRES
Rakesh1, Er. Abhishek Sharma2
1M.Tech Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Galaxy Global Group of Institutions, Dinarpur, Haryana, India
2Asstt. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Galaxy Global Group of Institutions, Dinarpur, Haryana, India
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Abstract - Concrete is a construction material composed
primarily of cement, aggregate, andwater. Theaggregateisin
general a coarse gravel or crushed rocks as, granite or
limestone along with sand as fine aggregate. The cement,
generally Portland Pozzolana cement and other cementitious
materials such as slag cement and fly ash serve as a binder for
the aggregate.
To achieve varied properties, variouschemicaladmixtures are
also added. Mixing of this dry composite with water enables it
to be shaped (typically poured) and then harden and solidify
into rock-hard strength through a chemical phenomenon
known as hydration. The water reacts with the cement and
bonds the other components together, eventually creating a
rigid stone like material.
In order to achieve the objectives of present study, an
experimental program was planned to investigatetheeffect of
marble dust and steel fibre on compressive strength, split
tensile strength and flexure strength of concrete.
KeyWords: Portland, Pozzolana,Admixtures,Cementitious,
Hydration
1.INTRODUCTION
The environmental influence or effect of concrete is a
complex mixture having not entirely negative effects; while
concrete is a major donor to greenhouse gas emissions,
recycling of concrete is highly common in structures that
have reached the extent of their life. Structures built of
concrete can have a long serving life.Asconcretepossessesa
high thermal mass and very less permeability, it can be used
for making energy efficient housing.
As we know Concrete is a gifted construction material.
Firstly it was introduced as protective cover of steel
members, after that it was modified and now a day’s
concrete is used as a structural material comprehensively
and steel is reinforced to modify its properties and give
better strength to the concrete. Concrete can yield benefits
like excellent resistance to water, fire resistance, has ability
to mould into various sizes and shapes easily as per
requirement, economic and readily availablematerial onthe
job site. It is noticed that the normal concrete has many
drawbacks like low value of strength to water cement ratio
as compared to steel. So as to overcome this weakness,
development of high strength concrete (HSC) came into
existence.
Now a days, with the excess use of admixtures and widely
distributed application of concrete technology, it is easy to
achieve cylindrical compressive strength of 50.00 MPa in 12
to 18 hours and near to 71Mpa or above at 28 days of curing.
As per economic point of view, it is very necessary to design
a higher proportion of the available strength of concrete
with efficiency and effectively rather than a lesser
proportion of much higher strength.
2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
In this study an attempt is made to find the effect of various
additives on paving concrete. The objectivesoftheproposed
work can be summarised as follows:
• The main objective of the proposed work is to read the
effect of steel fibres on strength characteristics like
compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural
strength of Rigid Pavement Quality Concrete.
• Additionally, the effect of partial replacement of cementby
marble dust has also been proposed to be studied in this
dissertation.
• Moreover, the behavior on addition of both Marble Dust
and Steel Fibre in Concrete for various conditions and cases
has also to be studied.
3. LITERATURE REVIEW
The following are the some past research survey:-
Wang et al. (1996) explored the fibre reinforced beams of
concrete under impactloading.Impacttestswerecarried out
on small beams reinforced with concrete of different
volumes of both steel fibres and polypropylene. The drop
height of the instrumented drop weight impactmachinewas
so selected that Some test samples failed completely under
one drop of the hammer, while others required two or more
blows to bring about complete failure. It was found that, at
volume less than 0.5%, polypropylene fibres gave only a
small increase in fracture energy. Steel fibres could bring
about much greater improvement in fracture energy, with a

passage in failure modes occurring between steel fibre
volumes of 0.50% and 0.750%. Below 0.50%, fibre breaking
was the main failure mechanism and the increase infracture
energy was also very less; above 0.750% fibre pull-out was
the primary mechanism with increase in fracture energy.
Nataraja et al.(1999), carried out an investigation on
Stress-strain curvesforsteel-fibrereinforcedconcreteunder
compression. The stress-strain curve of the material in
compression is required for the design and Study of
structures. In this experimental probe, an experiment has
been made to generate the stress-strain curve
experimentally for steel-fibre reinforced concrete for
compressive strength ranging from 30.0 to 50.0 KN/mm2.
Round crimped fibres with three volume fractions of 0.50%,
0.750% and 1.00% (39.0, 59.0, and 78.0 kg/m3) and for two
aspect ratios of 55.0 and 82.0 are considered. The effect of
fibre inclusion to concrete on some of the main parameters
namely the toughness of concrete, peak stress,strainatpeak
stress, and the nature of the stress-strain curve is studied. A
simple analytical model is proposed to generate both the
descending and ascending portions of the stress-strain
curve. There lies a good correlation between the
experimental results andcalculationsbasedontheanalytical
model. Equations are also proposed to quantify the effect of
fibre on compressive strength, strain at peak stress and the
toughness of concrete in terms of fibre reinforcing
parameter.
Elsaigh et al. (2005),carried out investigation on steel fibre
reinforced concrete for road pavement applications. In this
paper, they established that the use of SFRC for road
pavements and compare its execution with plain concrete
under traffic loading. The determiningofSFRCproperties on
performance and design aspects of concrete roads are
discussed. Results comingoutfromroadtrial sections,tested
under in-service traffic, are used to validate the use of the
material in roads.
Aukour (2009), studied that themarblesludgeisveryuseful
in house building materials. The main objectives of using
marble sludge are to save natural resources and to reduce
the dumping problem of industrial wastematerialsquantity.
The experimental outcomes and their theoretical
interpretation shows suitable incorporation of marble
sludge results in building blocks of 15.0 cm with superior
properties in terms of water absorption (7.0%). The
compressive strength at age of 28 days curing only to a
maximum of 7.80N/mm2.
Reddy (2010), carried out investigations on stone dust and
ceramic scrap as aggregate replacement in concrete. In this
research paper, he authenticated that stone dust has been
tried as fine aggregate in spite of sand and ceramic scraphas
been used as limited/full substitute to conventional coarse
aggregate in concrete making. Cylinders, cubes and prisms
were cast and checked for compressive,splittensilestrength
and modulus of rupture after a curing period of 28 days. The
outcomes indicated effectiveness of stone dust as fine
aggregate and partial replacement of traditional coarse
aggregate by ceramic scrap up to 20 %, without affectingthe
design strength
4. CONCLUSION
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5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In order to achieve the objectives of present study, an
experimental program was planned to investigate the effect
of marble dust and steel fibre on flexural strength,
compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete
so as to assess its feasibility for use in highway pavement.
The experimental program consists of casting, curing and
testing of controlled and marble dust-steel fibre concrete
specimen at different ages.
Following parameters were included in this experimental
study:
• Testing of properties of materials used for making
concrete.
• Design of mixes for pavement quality concrete and steel
fibre reinforced concrete by making trials.
• Casting and curing of specimens.
• Tests to determine the flexural strength, compressive
strength and Split Tensile strength of high strength steel
fibre reinforced concrete.
The procedure of methods used for testing cement, coarse
aggregates, fine aggregate, marble dust and concrete are
given below:
5.1 Tests on Cement
Specific gravity test, Consistencytest,Initial andFinal Setting
time Determination, Fineness test, Soundness test and
Compressive Strength test on cement were conducted.
Cement is one of the prominent materials in building of
Concrete, most of the strength imparted in concrete is
because of cement. Any change in its weight reduces the
Compressive Strength of Concrete with a very big effect.

The tests were conducted as per requirements of IS: 8112-
1989 and in its accordance. Three different cement samples
were taken in this experimental study and those three
samples were subjected to the above mentioned tests.
After all the tests wereconducted,theexperimental valuesof
all these tests were put forward.Then these tests compared
with the required Indian Standard specifications and were
checked of the feasibility whether can be used in the further
study or not.
5.2 Sieve Analysis for Marble Dust , Coarse and
Fine Aggregates
The sieve analysis is used for the determination of particle
size distribution of fine and coarse aggregates by sieving or
screening.
Sieve Analysis of Marble Dust and Aggregateswasdone with
a particular set of sieves. Sieves ranging from sizes 80mm to
4.75 mm were used for Coarse Aggregates (20mm), Sieve
sizes ranging from 100mm to 4.75 were used for Coarse
Aggregates (10mm),for Fine Aggregates, Sieve sizes ranging
from 10mm to 150 μ were used and for Marble Dust Sieves
of sizes ranging from 4.75 mm to 150 μ were used. These
Sieve tests gave the value of the fineness modulus for all
these materials.
5.3 Test for Compressive Strength of Concrete
Test specimens of size 150x150x150 mm were
manufactured for testing the compressive strength of both
controlled as well as marble dust-steel fibre reinforced
pavement quality concrete. The modified concrete mixtures
with varying percentages of steel fibres and partial
replacement of cement with marble dust were preparedand
cast into cubes and tested.
5.4 Test for Flexural Strength of Concrete
Test specimens of beam size 150 mm X 150 mm X 700 mm
were chosen for testing the flexural strength of steel fibre
reinforced concrete and replacement of cementwithmarble
dust in different percentages.
5.5 Test for Split Tensile Strength of Concrete
The split tensile strength of concrete is determined by
casting cylinders of size 150 mm X 300 mm. The cylinders
were tested by placing them uniformly. Specimens were
taken out from curing tank at age of 28 days of moist curing
and tested after surface water dippeddownfromspecimens.
This test was performed on Universal Testing Machine
(UTM).
6. FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
An experimental program was planned to investigate the
effect of marble dust and steel fibre on flexural strength,
compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete
so as to assess its feasibility for use in highway pavement.
The experimental program consists of casting, curing and
testing of controlled and marble dust-steel fibre concrete
specimen at different ages.
Fig.1- Variation of Compressive Strength Vs
Water/Cement ratio of Concrete with different
percentages of Steel Fibres (S.F) and Marble Dust (M.D).
Fig.2- Variation of Flexural Strength Vs Water/Cement
ratio of Concrete with different percentages of Steel Fibres
(S.F) and Marble Dust (M.D).

Fig.3- Variation of Split Tensile Strength Vs Water/Cement
ratio of Concrete with different percentages of Steel Fibres
(S.F) and Marble Dust (M.D).
7. CONCLUSIONS
From the experimental results carried out with different
samples and with varying ratios of contents, the following
conclusion can be drawn:
 Concrete mix similar to grade M20, with 10 percent
marble dust as replacement of cement by weight in
its composition is the optimum level as it has been
observed to show a significant increase in
compressive strength up to 10% at water cement
ratio 0.40 at 28 days curing when compared with
nominal mix without marble dust and Concretemix
prepared in the study that is nearly similar to grade
M20 when reinforced with steel fibre up to 1%
shows an increased compressive strength of 53.2%
at water cement ratio of 0.30 as compared to
nominal mix without the steel fibres.
 The split tensile strength alsotendstoincreasewith
increase percentages of steel fibres in the mix up to
50% with use of 1% steel fibres for water/cement
ratio of 0.30 and also tends to increase up to 10%
when 10 percent of marble dust as replacement of
cement by weight is induced in the concretemix.On
increasing the percentage replacement of cement
with marble dust beyond 10%, there is a slight
reduction in split tensile strength.
 The flexure strength also tends to increase up to
25% with the increase percentagesofsteel fibresup
to 1%, a phenomenon similar to increase in split
tensile strength and compressivestrength, whereas
in case of marble dust when added to concrete mix,
the percentage flexure strength reduces.
8. REFRENCES
 Baboo, Rai, et al. "Influence of Marble powder/granules
in Concrete mix."International Journal of Civil &
Structural Engineering 1.4 (2010): 827-834.
 Demirel, Bahar. "The effect of the using waste marble
dust as fine sand on the mechanical properties of the
concrete." International Journal of the Physical Sciences
5.9 (2010): 1372-1380.
 G.Murali, C.M. VivekVardhan, P. Sruthee, P. Charmily.
“Influence of Steel Fibre on Concrete.” International
Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 (2012), Vol. 2, Issue 3,pp.075-
078.
 IRC: 58-2002, “Guideline for Design of Rigid Pavements
for Highways.” The Indian Road Congress, New Delhi,
2002.
 IS: 456-2000: Code of practice- plain and reinforced
concrete, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi-2000.
 IS: 383-1970: Specification for Coarse and Fine
Aggregates fromNatural SourcesforConcrete,Bureauof
Indian Standard, New Delhi-1970.
 IS: 1199-1959 (Reaffirmed 1999): Methods of Sampling
and Analysis of Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standard,
New Delhi-1999.
 IS: 2386 (Part I,III)-1963: Methods of Test for
Aggregates for Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standard,
New Delhi-1963.
 IS: 5816-1999: Methods of test for Splitting Tensile
Strength of Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standard, New
Delhi-1999.
 Katzer, J. "Impact and dynamic resistance of SFRCC
modified by varied superplasticizers." Archives of Civil
and Mechanical Engineering 11.1 (2011): 103-113.
 Kim, Byung-Gi, et al. "The adsorption behavior of PNS
superplasticizer and its relation to fluidity of cement
paste." CementandConcreteResearch 30.6(2000):887-
893.
 Manjrekar, S. K. "Use of Super plasticizers: Myth sand
Reality." Indian concrete Journal 68 (1994).

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