Strength and geotechnical characterization of copper slag as partial replacement of fine aggregate
1 like43 views
This document presents the results of an experimental study investigating the use of copper slag as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Tests were conducted with 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% replacement of sand with copper slag. Compressive strength and split tensile strength were found to increase up to 40% replacement, with the highest strengths achieved at 40% replacement. Permeability was also found to be lower when copper slag was used. The recommended replacement was 40%, as strengths decreased slightly above this amount. In conclusion, partial replacement of fine aggregate with copper slag in amounts up to 40% can improve the strength and durability properties of concrete.
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1322
aggregate with copper slag were higher than the control
mixes at all ages. The highest compressive strength was
achieved by 40% replacement of copper slag, which was
found to be about 42.44 M Pa for 28 days and 28.44 M Pa for
7 days curing compared with 32.22 M Pa and 20.44 M Pa
respectively for the control mixes.
Table – 5 : Split tensile strength results
PERCENTAGE
REPLACEMENT OF Cu
SLAG
7 DAYS SPLIT TENSILE
STRENGTH (N/mm2)
28 DAYS SPLIT TENSILE
STRENGTH (N/mm2)
0 1.98 2.97
20 2.26 4.52
40 2.40 5.65
60 2.09 4.66
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 20 40 60 80
Splittensilestrength(N/mm2)
% Replacement of Cu slag
Chart -3: Split tensile strength of concrete at 7th day
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 20 40 60 80
Splittensilestrength(N/mm2)
% ReplacementofCu slag
Chart -4: Split tensile strength of concrete at 28th day
From the test results it was observed that the split tensile
strength of concrete mixes with replacement of fine
aggregate with copper slag were higher than the control
mixes at all ages. The highest split tensile strength was
achieved by 40% replacement of copper slag, which was
found to be about 5.65 N/mm2 for 28 days and 2.40 N/mm2
for 7 days curing compared with 2.97 N/mm2 and 1.98
N/mm2 respectively for the control mixes.
3.2 GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
Constant head permeability test was carried out to test
coefficient of permeability of copper slag.
The value obtained for constant head permeability test:
For soil - 8.91 x 10-4
For copper slag - 9.81 x 10-4
4. CONCLUSIONS
[1] The effect of replacing fine aggregate by copper slag on
the compressive strength and split tensile strength was
studied.
[2] The compressive strength and split tensile strength of
concrete with addition of copper slag at 7 days and 28 days
was higher than design mixes (without replacement).
[3] The recommended percentage replacement of sand by
copper slag is 40%.
[4] Due to usage of Copper slag, the density of concrete has
increased by 6-7% due to the higher specific gravity of
copper slag (3.68).
[5] Coefficient of permeability was less when compared to
that of sand.
REFERENCES
[1] Al-Jabri, K.S., Abdullah, H., Al-Saidy and Ramzi Taha.
“Effect of copper slag as a fine aggregate on the
properties of cement mortars and concrete”,
Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 25, pp. 933-
938, 2011.
[2] Akihiko, Y. and Takashi, Y. “Study of utilisationofcopper
slag as fine aggregate for concrete”, Ashikaya Kogyo
Daigaku Kenkyu Shuroku, Vol. 23, pp. 79-85, 1996.
[3] Arivalagan.S, Experimental Study on the Flexural
Behavior of Reinforced Concrete BeamsasReplacement
of Copper Slag as Fine Aggregate Journal Of Civil
Engineering And Urbanism Volume 3 (2013)
[4] R R Chavan& D B Kulkarni (2013) : “Performance of
Copper Slag on Strength properties as Partial Replaceof
Fine Aggregate in Concrete Mix Design” International
Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v4i2258-171120063720/85/Strength-and-geotechnical-characterization-of-copper-slag-as-partial-replacement-of-fine-aggregate-3-320.jpg)
Strength and geotechnical characterization of copper slag as partial replacement of fine aggregate
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1320 Strength and geotechnical characterization of copper slag as partial replacement of fine aggregate Charumol.S1 1PG Student, Dept. of civil Engineering, Coimbatore institute of technology, Tamilnadu, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Copper slag is a obtained as a by-product during the smelting and refining process. While drawing metal out of copper ore refineries produce a large volume of non-metallic dust, soot and rock. Collectively these materialsmakes upslag, which can be used for a surprising number of applications in the building and industrial fields. By the addition of slag, self- weight of the concrete is increased thereby density is increased. Experimental program has done to investigate the effect of using copper slag as a partial replacement of fine aggregate. For this work M20 grade concrete was used and test were conducted for various proportions with sand of 0%, 20%, 40%, & 60% in concrete. The results of compression and split tensile strength test indicated that the strength of concrete increases with respect to the percentage of slag added by weight of fine aggregate up to 40% of addition. The recommended percentage replacement of sand by copperslag is 40%. The compressive strength decreases slightly for above 40% addition of slag. However compared to ordinary sand as fine aggregate the compressive strength value is still greater. From the permeability test conducted it has been observed that the value of permeability is less when comparedwiththat of sand. Key Words: Copper slag, Chemical composition, Compressive strength, Split tensile strength, Permeability etc. 1. INTRODUCTION Copper slag is an abrasive blasting grid made of granulated slag from metal smelting process also called as iron silicate. While drawing metal out of copper ore refineries produce a large volume of non-metallic dust, soot and rock. Collectively these materials makes up slag, which can be used for a surprising number of applications in the building and industrial fields. Copper slag has gained popularity in the building industry for use as a fill material. Due to its high strength /weight ratio copper slag can be used as a best alternative to sand. Unlike many other fill materials, copper slag poses relatively little threat to the environment. This means it can be used to build up the earth to support road, buildings or other surfaces. The slag serves as a fine or binding agent which helps hold the larger gravel particles within the concrete together. When used in this manner the slag helps to improve the properties of concrete and also serves as a form of recycling. One of the primary advantage of copper slag is the low risk it poses to health and the environment. Silica sand which represents themostpopular blasting medium and concrete fine currently in use poses serious health risks when inhaled. It may also contribute to pollution and other environmental concerns.Copperslaghas high strength to weight ratio, making it an effectiveoption in concrete or as a fill material under the roadway. Table -1 : Sieve analysis results of fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and copper slag IS sieve Coarse aggregate Cumulative %retained Fine aggregate Cumulative %retained Copper slag Cumulative %retained 20.00 0.7 0 0 16.00 4.15 0 0 12.50 15.85 0 0 10.00 48.75 0 0 4.75 97.25 1.17 0.20 2.36 100 5.68 4.75 1.18 100 28.14 50.65 .600 100 57.07 88.25 .300 100 95.39 96.15 .150 100 98.68 98.00 Fineness modulus 5.32 2.87 3.38 Table -2 : Physical properties SL NO PROPERTIES ANALYSIS 1 Hardness, Mohr’s circle 7 2 Specific gravity 3.83 3 Electric conductivity 4.8ms/m 4 Chloride content <0.0002 5 Particle size 0.2 mm up to 3 mm 6 Granular size Angular, sharp edges, multi-faced
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1321 Table -3 : Chemical composition SL NO COMPOUND ANALYSIS RANGE IN % 1 Cu 0.60 - 0.70 2 Feo 42 – 48 3 SiO2 26 – 30 4 Al2O3 1.0 – 3.0 5 S 0.2 – 0.3 6 Cao 1.0 – 2.0 7 Mgo 0.8 – 1.5 8 Fe3O4 1.0 – 2.0 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1. CEMENT Ordinary Portland cement 53 grade of ultra tech cement brand conforming to IS: 8112-1989 and IS 12269-1987 is used in this experimental work. 2.2. FINE AGGREGATE The aggregate size lesser than 4.75 mm is considered as fine aggregate. The sand particles should be freefromanyclayor inorganic materials and found to be hard and durable.Itwas stored in open space free from dust and water. It conforms to IS 383-1970. 2.3. COARSE AGGREGATE The aggregate size bigger than 4.75 mm is considered as coarse aggregate. It can be found from original bed rocks. Coarse aggregate are available in different shapes like rounded, irregular, or partly rounded, angular, flaky etc. it should be free from any organic impurities and dirt content. 2.4. MIX DESIGN AND SAMPLE PREPARATION Concrete mixtures with different proportions of copper slag used as a partial or full substitute for fine aggregates were prepared in order to investigate the effect of copper slag substitution on the strength normal concrete. Concrete mixtures were prepared with different proportions of copper slag. The proportions (by weight) of copper slag added to concrete mixtures were as follows 0% (for control mix), 20%, 40% and 60%. 2.5. TESTING PROCEDURE This work entailed subjectingthedesignedconcretemixesto a series of tests to evaluate the strength and geotechnical properties. Strength development is monitored with time adequately for each concrete mixes. For each mix three samples were tested at various curing ages and average values were used for analysis. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 STRENGTH STUDY Table – 4 : Compressive strength results PERCENTAGE REPLACEMENT OF Cu SLAG 7 DAYS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (N/mm2) 28 DAYS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (N/mm2) 0 20.44 32.22 20 26.44 38.00 40 28.44 42.44 60 26.67 41.55 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 20 40 60 80 compressivestrength(N/mm2) % Replacement of Cu Slag Chart -1: Compressive strength of concrete at 7th day 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 20 40 60 80 Compressivestrength(N/mm2) % Replacement of Cu slag Chart -2: Compressive strength of concrete at 28th day From the test results it was observed that the compressive strength of concrete mixes with replacement of fine
- 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1322 aggregate with copper slag were higher than the control mixes at all ages. The highest compressive strength was achieved by 40% replacement of copper slag, which was found to be about 42.44 M Pa for 28 days and 28.44 M Pa for 7 days curing compared with 32.22 M Pa and 20.44 M Pa respectively for the control mixes. Table – 5 : Split tensile strength results PERCENTAGE REPLACEMENT OF Cu SLAG 7 DAYS SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH (N/mm2) 28 DAYS SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH (N/mm2) 0 1.98 2.97 20 2.26 4.52 40 2.40 5.65 60 2.09 4.66 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 20 40 60 80 Splittensilestrength(N/mm2) % Replacement of Cu slag Chart -3: Split tensile strength of concrete at 7th day 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 20 40 60 80 Splittensilestrength(N/mm2) % ReplacementofCu slag Chart -4: Split tensile strength of concrete at 28th day From the test results it was observed that the split tensile strength of concrete mixes with replacement of fine aggregate with copper slag were higher than the control mixes at all ages. The highest split tensile strength was achieved by 40% replacement of copper slag, which was found to be about 5.65 N/mm2 for 28 days and 2.40 N/mm2 for 7 days curing compared with 2.97 N/mm2 and 1.98 N/mm2 respectively for the control mixes. 3.2 GEOTECHNICAL STUDY Constant head permeability test was carried out to test coefficient of permeability of copper slag. The value obtained for constant head permeability test: For soil - 8.91 x 10-4 For copper slag - 9.81 x 10-4 4. CONCLUSIONS [1] The effect of replacing fine aggregate by copper slag on the compressive strength and split tensile strength was studied. [2] The compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete with addition of copper slag at 7 days and 28 days was higher than design mixes (without replacement). [3] The recommended percentage replacement of sand by copper slag is 40%. [4] Due to usage of Copper slag, the density of concrete has increased by 6-7% due to the higher specific gravity of copper slag (3.68). [5] Coefficient of permeability was less when compared to that of sand. REFERENCES [1] Al-Jabri, K.S., Abdullah, H., Al-Saidy and Ramzi Taha. “Effect of copper slag as a fine aggregate on the properties of cement mortars and concrete”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 25, pp. 933- 938, 2011. [2] Akihiko, Y. and Takashi, Y. “Study of utilisationofcopper slag as fine aggregate for concrete”, Ashikaya Kogyo Daigaku Kenkyu Shuroku, Vol. 23, pp. 79-85, 1996. [3] Arivalagan.S, Experimental Study on the Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete BeamsasReplacement of Copper Slag as Fine Aggregate Journal Of Civil Engineering And Urbanism Volume 3 (2013) [4] R R Chavan& D B Kulkarni (2013) : “Performance of Copper Slag on Strength properties as Partial Replaceof Fine Aggregate in Concrete Mix Design” International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies.