Impact of delayness on construction projects

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1326
IMPACT OF DELAYNESS ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Swadesh Singh Bhadoria,1 Sohit Agrawal,2 Swetank Sharma,2, Dr.Mukesh Kumar Pandey,3
B.Tech+M.tech(INT) P.G student, Construction technology & Management, I.T.M University Madhya Pradesh, India.
Asst.Professor DEPT.OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, I.T.M university Madhyapradesh, India.
Professor DEPT.OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, I.T.M university Madhyapradesh ,India
-------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract:
This paper deals with the attributes of delay
which extremely effect on the residential and
multi-stories construction projects in Gwalior
City in India. Time delays and cost overruns
have become a challenge for civil engineering
section of India. . This research theme deals
with the analysis of properties of delay &
ranking of attributes by RII (relative
importance index). Which are extremely
effected on construction projects of buildings in
India. This study included analysis of delay
factors, ranking of factors of delays and also
compared among three groups (i.e, Owner,
Contractor & consultant). Total 38 causes are
identified under 8 major groups. An Interview
questionnaire was taken for survey the critical
causes of delays in building area. Total 35
respondents included in this research, i.e., 9
owners, 12 contractors and 14consultants.This
paper suggest the simplest way to find out the
ranking of attributes of delay by RII (Relative
importance technique). After determining
results of all attributes of delays is that
ten factors out of all total are highly effected in
the execution of large building construction.
They are shortage of labour, delay in
delivery of resources on the site, Rework due
to errors on the site, delay current payment by
owner, poor site management at the site
and direction by contractor etc.
Key Words- Analysis of delay’s Factors, Survey,
Relative important index (RII), Effects of delay.
1.INTRODUCTION
The delay in the construction work department
can also be said as the project does not deliver
on the date of completion of the project and
also the expansion in the estimated cost project
as compare to the actual cost of a project, it
means the project is delayed due to delays in
time and values overruns. Toward the owner of
the project delay suggests that price overruns
attributable to lack of production
and rentable area. Toward the contractor
delay implies that higher
overhead price attributable to enlargement in
time of project, high material price, machinery
and labour price increment.. The procedure of
execution of a construction project is subjected
to various and unwanted factors which result
from many sources. These sources contained
availability of resources on site, environment,
condition, the performance of various parties,
Role of other parties and contractual
relationship. Delay means more activities are
pending which mentioned within the contract
duration of the project.
For various parties definition of delayness in
construction project is different such as For
owner delay means low income in more time,
For consultant delay means more work
remaining in less time period etc. so because of
delay project cost, material cost, government
charges and overall cost are increase. All these
factors are related to causes of delay so we
can realize the attributes of delays in
construction to extend the performance of
project. For any construction projects
requirement of work is very high so, owner
needs planning at which time and price of
project is satisfy. This can be listed out by
proper -scheduling and by identification of
causes of delays. So, it is necessary to explain

the most critical causes of delay which have
great effect on the construction project in order
to minimize and try to avoid the delays in the
construction of multi-stories and residential
building project in India.
1.1 Effect of delays
 Time overrun
 Cost overrun
 Dispute
 Arbitration
 Total abandonment
 Litigation
2. Objectives of study:
The main objectives of this present study are as
follows:
To study and analyse the attributes of delay in
building construction projects from the point of
view of owner, contractor and consultant.
To rank the causes of delay by Relative
importance index technique (RII).
Try to minimize the causes of Delay.
3. LITERATURE REVIEW
Ashraf Samara and Ghanim A. Bekr (2016)
identified the 55 important factors of delay in
Jordan which had hardly effected by Time
overruns and expansion of cost. They were
carried out a survey to identiy the critical
factors of delay which has stopped the
performance of Jordan construction in which
146 respondents are involved. Top ten factors
causing delays for public sector projects in
Jordan are: (1) inadequate management and
supervision by the contractor, (2) client's
changes of the design, (3) inadequate planning
and control by the contractor, (4) using lowest
bid that lead to low performance, (5) changes
in the extent of the project , (6) errors in design
and contract documents , (7) progress
payments are not made in time by the client,
(8) Rework due to mistakes during
construction, (9) Changes in the original design
and (10)Low level productivity.
Mohammad Saiful, Bambang Trigunarsyah
and Sadi Assaf (2015) evaluating the 79
different significant factors of delays in the
construction of multi-stories building and
residential building in construction industry of
Bangladesh. They were conducted a survey to
identifying the causes of delay in large large
building construction projects in which 70
respondents participated i.e, (owner,
consultant, contractor) by using importance
index method. About their results, they
concluded the lack of experience construction
manager ,lowest bidder selection, improper
planning & scheduling ,lack of proper working
management are the most critical causes of
delay which are highly contributed to occur
delay in construction project..
4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 LITERATURE COLLECTION
 REVISION OF LITERATURE
 IDENTIFICATION OF DELAY’S
CAUSES& EFFECTS
 QUESTIONNAIRE PREPRATION
 QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY
 ANALYSIS OF CAUSES BY (RII)
TECHNIQUE

4. DATA ANALYSIS APPROCH
(i). Relative Importance Index technique:
By exploitation the Relative Importance Index
technique to the ranking of causes of delay is
easy with compare to alternative. The same
method is taken in this present study within
three groups which are owners, consultants or
contractors. The grading of five-point scale 1
for (very low importance) to 5 for very high
importance) is considered and converted into
relative importance indices (RII) for each factor
as follows:
∑W
RII = (0< RII <1)
A* N
Where:
W – is the response weight given to each
attribute by the personnel and range vary from
1 to 5, (where “1” is “very low importance” and
“5” is “very high importance”);
A – is the highest weight (i.e. 5 in this case) and;
N – is the overall number of stakeholders.
Table -1: significant Causes of delay by RII Method
Figure -1: significant Causes of delay by RII Method
Table 5.2 : Ranking of group of causes of delay
by All three Parties
0.8510.846
0.811
0.7940.7890.7770.7710.7660.7540.743
0.68
0.7
0.72
0.74
0.76
0.78
0.8
0.82
0.84
0.86
Reworkdueto…
Originalcontract…
Shortageoflabor
Inadequate…
Difficultiesin…
Delayinprogress…
Shortageof…
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
RII
RII
No. Critical Cause of delay RII
1 Rework due to errors during
construction 0.851
2 Inadequate planning and scheduling
of project by contractor 0.846
3 Original contract duration is too
short 0.811
4 Delay in material delivery 0.794
5 Shortage of labour 0.789
6 Poor site management and
supervision by the contractor 0.777
7 Inadequate contractor’s work
experience 0.771
8 Difficulties in financing project by
contractor 0.766
9 Delay in progress payment by owner 0.754
10 Shortage of equipment 0.743
S.NO. No.of
Groups
OWNE
R RII
R
A
N
K
Contra
ctor
RII
R
A
N
K
Consul
tant
RII
R
A
N
K
1. contracto
r
0.78 1 0.59 8 0.77 1
2. consultan
t
0.64 5 0.71 4 0.51 8
3. project 0.66 4 0.79 1 0.72 2
4. owner 0.50 7 0.76 2 0.56 7
5. labour 0.68 3 0.72 3 0.68 3
6. Design 0.55 6 0.60 7 0.65 5
7. material 0.71 2 0.61 6 0.62 6
8. equipme
nt
0.48 8 0.65 5 0.66 4

Figure-2 : Ranking of group of causes of delay
by All three Partie
6. Conclusion
The first step in reducing the delays in
infrastructure construction project is to
understand the root causes of the delay. This
results provide a listing of root causes and
issues that are directly responsible for most
infrastructure construction project delays.
Additionally, it is found that fundamental
principles must be adopted before significant
improvements can be made. The data were
collected from the following construction
Infrastructure companies.
According to results, some factors have found
that which are highly effected on the
construction projects Rework due to mistakes,
Inadequate planning & scheduling of project by
contractor, Original contract duration is too
short, Delay in material delivery on site,
Shortage of labour , Poor site management &
supervision by contractor, Inadequate
contractor’s experience, Difficulties in financing
by contractor, Shortage of equipment, Delay in
progress payment by owner .
7.Recommendation
The following points can be recommended by
all parties in order to minimize and control
delays in construction projects:
7.1. Contractor’s Should Consider The
Following Factors
Shortage and low productivity of labor: enough
number of labors should be assigned and
motivated to improve productivity.
Financial and cash flow problems: contractor
should manage his financial resources and plan
cash flow by utilizing progress payment.
7.2. Consultant’s Should Look To The
Following Factors
Reviewing and approving design documents
any delay caused by the consultant engineer in
checking, reviewing and approving the design
submittals prior to construction phase, could
delay the progress of the work;
Inflexibility: Consultants should be flexible in
evaluating contractor works. Compromising
between the cost and high quality should be
considered.
7.3. Owner’s Should Give Special Attention
To The Following Factors
Pay progress payment to the contractor on
time because it impairs the contractor’s ability
to finance the work.
Reduce the frequent changing in orders during
construction to neglect delays.
8.REFRENCES
1. Hemanta Doloi, Anil Sawhney, K.C.Iyer, Sameer
Rentala (2012).Analysing factors affecting daelays in
Indian construction projects International journal of
project management 30,479-489
2. Mamta Rajgor, Chauhan Paresh, Patel Dhruv, Panchal
Chirag. RII&IMPI: Effective techniques for finding
delay in construction projects. International
Research Journal of
Engineering&TechnologyVolume:03.Issue:01|JAN-
2016.
3.YawFrimpong,JacobOluwoye,LynnCrawford.Causes of
delay and cost overruns in construction of ground
water projects in developing countries in Ghana
International journal of project
management21(2013),321-326.
4.Siddesh K Pai,Mr.J.Raj Bharath. Analysis of critical
causes of Delay in Indian Infrastructure Projects.
0.78
0.64 0.66
0.5
0.68
0.55
0.71
0.48
0.59
0.71
0.790.76
0.72
0.60.61
0.65
0.77
0.51
0.72
0.56
0.680.650.62
0.66
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17
OWNER RII
Contractor RII
Consultant RII

International journal of Innovative Research &
Development VOL2:Issue:March-2013.
5.Mega Desai, Rajiv Bhatt. Critical causes of Delay in
Residential Construction Projects: Case Study of
Central Gujarat Region in India. .International
Research Journal of Engineering Trends and
Technology Volume:4.Issue:4|April-2013
6.Murat Gunduj, Yasemin Nielsen, Mustafa Ozdemir.
Quantification of Delay Factors Using the RII Method
for Construction Projects in Turkey. Journal of
Management in Engineering(2013),29(2):133-139.

Impact of delayness on construction projects

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