Irrigation scheduling in Maize by Anurag Prajapati
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This document discusses irrigation scheduling for maize crops. It defines irrigation and irrigation scheduling, and explains why scheduling is important for crop growth. It outlines the criteria and growth phases to consider when scheduling maize, and describes techniques like soil moisture depletion and critical growth approaches. The document also discusses irrigation methods for maize, the effects of improper scheduling, and concludes that proper scheduling can optimize yields, conserve water, and improve crop quality and productivity.
Irrigation scheduling in Maize by Anurag Prajapati
- 2. Irrigation Scheduling For Maize crop Submitted to: Dr. Sumit Rai Submitted By: Anurag Prajapati M.Sc.Ag(Soil Science-Soil and Water Conservation) I.D. No. 16 SWC03 Session 2016-17 SWC (506)- Irrigation and Drainage
- 3. CONTENTS Introduction Definition of Irrigation Definition of Irrigation Scheduling Why irrigation scheduling is necessary? Impotent things about Maize Criteria for Irrigation Scheduling in Maize Graphical representation of irrigation scheduling Irrigation scheduling for maize crop Method of irrigation scheduling in Maize Approaches of Irrigation Scheduling in Maize Irrigation scheduling Technique in Maize Conclusion
- 4. Definition of Irrigation Irrigation is the artificial application of water to plant in the correct amounts for their growth and development .
- 5. Definition of Irrigation Scheduling Irrigation scheduling is the process used by irrigation system managers to determine the correct frequency and duration of watering to the crops.
- 6. Why Irrigation Scheduling necessary ? Irrigation scheduling are necessary for all crops because crops want proper irrigation for there growth and development . If we do not provide a proper irrigation to crops , the crops have to suffer from many diseases, nutrients deficiency ,lack of flowering and fruiting ,and by this result they reduce there quality , production and productivity.
- 7. Important things about Maize crop Common Name: Makka English Name: Maize/Corn Family: Poaceae Botanical Name: Zea mays Native: America( It was introduced into India by the Portuguese during the seventeenth century . Plant Part Use: Grains, ( stem also for feeding to animals) Chromosome No. 2n=20 Uses: Human food, animal feed and poultry feed, as well as for industrial processing . Area and Distribution: India ranks fifth in Maize production(Ist USA). And in India (UP is first about 15.0% of total production. Climate and soil: Maize can be grown in tropical subtropical and temperate climate . It can also be grown in all types of soil ranging from sandy to heavy clay.( Deep heavy soils are considered more suitable).
- 8. Criteria for Irrigation Scheduling for Maize crop Regulate irrigation according to the following growth phase of the crop(in days) Early vegetative growth & establishment phase: 1 to 14 Vegetative phase: 15 to 39 Tasselling, silking phase 40 to 65 Maturity/ dough phase: 66 to 95 Critical stage : Tasselling and silking stage
- 9. Graphical representation of Irrigationscheduling for maize crop
- 10. Irrigation of Maize Maize is mainly a rained kharif crop .Maize can be grown in the rained region where distribution of rainfall is sufficient It requires 50-100 cm of rainfall and it cannot be grown in areas of more than 100 cm rainfall. In areas of lesser rainfall, the crop is irrigated, Long dry spell during the rainy season is harmful for maize, Cool and dry weather helps in ripening of the grain . Note – Maize required well drained soil .
- 11. 1. Soil Moisture Depletion Approach 2. Plant Basis or Plant Indices 3. Climatologically Approach 4. Critical Growth Approach
- 12. Irrigation Scheduling Technique 1. Calendar Date 2. Crop Stage 3. Soil Moisture Content 4. Crop Stress 5. Soil Water Balance
- 13. Irrigation method in Maize We know that maize is rained crops so not required of irrigation to crop but in the case of absent rainfall we have to irrigate to maize in different ways , that’s are following: Open flood method Border method Sprinkler method Drip irrigation method
- 15. Effect of improper Irrigation Scheduling on Maize crop
- 16. Conclusion Proper water management on irrigated Maize can produce economic yields, conserve water supplies and preserve or enhance water quality. No harmful effect on plant by irrigation water. Improvement of Net Irrigation Requirement of crop In hence timely scheduled irrigation maize crop/other crops give good quality and productivity. Fully use of nutrients Less chances from disease attack Less chances stress or moisture stress condition . Good germination of seed Increase in green fodder and dry matter Less loss of irrigation water