It nv51 instructor_ppt_ch7

Introduction to Networks v5.1
Chapter 7:
IP Addressing
Jupriyadi
Juli 2020

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
7.0 Introduction
7.1 IPv4 Network Addresses
7.2 IPv6 Network Addresses
7.3 Connectivity Verification
7.4 Summary

Upon completion of this section, you should be able to:
• Convert between binary and decimal numbering systems.
• Describe the structure of an IPv4 address including the network portion, the host
portion, and the subnet mask.
• Compare the characteristics and uses of the unicast, broadcast, and multicast
IPv4 addresses.
• Explain public, private, and reserved IPv4 addresses.

Dotted Decimal Address
Octets
32-Bit Address

Decimal Positional Notation

Applying Decimal Positional Notation

Binary Positional Notation

Applying Binary Positional Notation

To convert a binary IPv4 address to its dotted decimal equivalent:
• Divide the IPv4 address into four 8-bit octets. Apply the binary positional
value to the first octet binary number and calculate accordingly.
• Repeat for each octet.

The following illustrates how to use the binary positional value
table to convert decimal to binary.

Continue to evaluate the decimal until all positional
values have been entered, which results in the
equivalent binary value.

See VIDEO DEMONSTRATION

One portion of the 32 bit IPv4 address identifies the network, and another
portion identifies the host.

• Comparing the IP Address and the Subnet Mask
• The 1s in the subnet mask identify the network portion while the
0s identify the host portion.

• Logical AND is the comparison of two bits.
• ANDing between the IP address and the
subnet mask yields the network address.

• Shorthand method of identifying a subnet mask.
• It is the number of bits set to 1 in the subnet mask.
• Written in “slash notation”, a “/” followed by the number of bits
set to 1.

See VIDEO DEMONSTRATION

Unicast
Broadcast
Multicast

• Unicast communication is used for normal host-to-host
communication.
• The unicast address applied to an
end device is referred to as the host
address.
• The source address of any packet is
always the unicast address of the
originating host.

• A host sends a single packet to a selected set of hosts that
subscribe to a multicast group.
• The 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 range of addresses are
reserved for multicast.

Private Addresses:
• 10.0.0.0/8 or 10.0.0.0 to10.255.255.255
• 172.16.0.0 /12 or 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 /16 or 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

• Loopback addresses
127.0.0.0 /8 or 127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.254
• Link-Local addresses or Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) addresses
169.254.0.0 /16 or
169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254
• TEST-NET addresses
192.0.2.0/24 or 192.0.2.0
to 192.0.2.255

• Formal name is Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR, pronounced
“cider”).
• Created a new set of standards that allowed service providers to
allocate IPv4 addresses on any address bit boundary (prefix length)
instead of only by a class A, B, or C address.

• Explain the need for IPv6 addressing.
• Describe the representation of an IPv6 address.
• Describe types of IPv6 network addresses.
• Configure global unicast addresses.
• Describe multicast addresses.

• The migration techniques can be divided into three categories: Dual
Tack, Tunneling, and Translation.
• Dual-stack allows IPv4 and IPv6 to coexist on the same network.
Devices run both IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks simultaneously.

• Tunneling is a method of transporting an IPv6 packet over an
IPv4 network. The IPv6 packet is encapsulated inside an IPv4
packet.

• Translation: Network Address Translation 64 (NAT64) allows
IPv6-enabled devices to communicate with IPv4-enabled devices
using a translation technique similar to NAT for IPv4. An IPv6
packet is translated to an IPv4 packet, and vice versa.

Hextets – 4 Hexadecimal digits = 16 binary digits

(cont.)

Example 1
Example 2
Example 3

Example 1
Example 2

Example 3
Example 4

There are three types of IPv6 addresses:
• Unicast
• Multicast
• Anycast
Note: IPv6 does not have broadcast addresses.

• IPv6 does not use the dotted-decimal subnet mask notation.
• Prefix length indicates the network portion of an IPv6 address using the
following format:
o IPv6 address /prefix length
o Prefix length can range from 0 to 128
o Typical prefix length is /64

Uses of an IPv6 Link-local address

Reading a Global Unicast Address

EUI-64 Process

EUI-64 Process
Randomly Generated Interface ID

• IPv6 multicast addresses have the prefix FF00::/8.
• There are two types of IPv6 multicast addresses:
o Assigned multicast
o Solicited node multicast

• Explain how ICMP is used to test network connectivity.
• Use ping and traceroute utilities to test network connectivity.

• ICMP messages common to both ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 include:
o Host confirmation
o Destination or service unreachable
o Time exceeded
o Route redirection
• Although IP is not a reliable protocol, the TCP/IP suite provides
for messages to be sent in the event of certain errors. They are
sent using the services of ICMP.

Chapter Objectives:
• Explain the use of IPv4 addresses to provide connectivity in a small to
medium-sized business network.
• Configure IPv6 addresses to provide connectivity in small to medium-
sized business networks.
• Use common testing utilities to verify network connectivity.

It nv51 instructor_ppt_ch7

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