IT390 IT Project ManagementProject Approval TemplateStudent Nam.docx

IT390: IT Project ManagementProject Approval Template
Student Name:
Project Name:
1. Project Type
Select from the following options: (1) routine upgrade, (2)
COTS selection and installation, or (3) new software/hardware
development.
2. Purpose
Briefly describe the business case for this project. Why this one
as opposed to other projects?
3. Scope
Briefly describe the scope of your project. What does this
project seek to accomplish?
4. Goals and Deliverables
Briefly describe the goals and deliverables for the project. What
you want to deliver and any milestones.
5. Required Resources
Briefly describe any resources (human and physical) you think
you may need for the project. Are there specific skill sets
required, and do you have them or do they need to be acquired.
Lamb Hair McDaniel Your Product or Service Offering
Marketing 8e
Part 3 Marketing Plan Worksheet: Product Decisions 1

Part 3 Product Decisions Worksheet
PRODUCT ISSUES
Product description:
Classify your offering (check all that apply):
Consumer Business
Good Service
Patent needed No patent needed
Patent obtained No patent obtained
Place your product or service in your portfolio:
Single item Complementary item
Enhancements to product enabled by Internet selling:

Marketing 8e
Reductions to product due to Internet selling:
BRAND
Brand Name:

Brand Logo:
Professional branding firm needed? Yes No
URLS
Company URL:
Marketing 8e

Alternative URLs:
PACKAGING ISSUES
Is product packaged? Yes No
How will packaging match other communication tools?
PRODUCT RETURNS
Products purchased on-line can be returned on-line? Yes No
Products purchased on-line can be returned in store? Yes No
Products purchased in store can be returned on-line? Yes No
Company will pay for shipping on customer returns? Yes No

General return policy:
General warranty:
Marketing 8e
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE ISSUES
Your product is in what stage of the product life cycle?
Introductory Growth Maturity Decline

Affect on PLC of selling product on-line?
PLC lengthened PLC shortened PLC not affected
DIFFUSION STRATEGY
Key elements of diffusion strategy:
•
•
•
•
•
•
SERVICE QUALITY ISSUES
How will you incorporate the following service qualities into
your offering?
Reliability:
Responsiveness:

Marketing 8e
Assurance:
Empathy:
Tangibles:
Key elements in the customer relation strategy:
•
•
•
•
•

Text1: Text2: Check Box22: Check Box23: Check Box24:
Check Box25: Check Box26: Check Box27: Check Box28:
Check Box29: Check Box30: Check Box31: Text32: Text33:
Text34: Text36: Text39: Check Box40: Check Box41: Text42:
Text44: Text45: Check Box46: Check Box47: Text48: Check
Box49: Check Box50: Check Box51: Check Box52: Check
Box53: Check Box54: Check Box55: Check Box56: Text57:
Text58: Text59: Check Box60: Check Box61: Check Box62:
Check Box63: Check Box64: Check Box65: Check Box66:
Text67: Text68: Text69: Text70: Text71: Text72: Text73:
Text74: Text75: Text76: Text77: Text79: Text80: Text81:
Text82: Text83: Text84:
Marketing 8e
Part 2 Marketing Plan Worksheet: Analyzing Marketing
Opportunities 1
Part 2 Analyzing Marketing Opportunities Worksheet
NAICS
NAICS code for your industry
MARKETS
List consumer markets:
Consumer Market Internet capabilities of market

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
List business markets:
Business Market Internet capabilities of market
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Identify most important market to your business:

Marketing 8e
Opportunities 2
Rationale for choosing this market:
TARGET MARKET SEGMENT
Describe target market (check all that apply):
Gender
Family
Life-Cycle
Age

Class
Ethnicity
Male Married Seniors Capitalist White
Female Single Baby Boomer Upper Middle African
American
Divorced Generation X Middle Asian
American
Widowed Generation Y Working Hispanic
American
Parent Children Working Poor Native
American
No children Underclass Other
Size of market
Growth rate of market
Spending power of market
Geographics:

Marketing 8e
Opportunities 3
Psychographics:
In your industry, what differentiates market for e-business from
market for
traditional business?
If you have physical store, will you encourage customers to
shop on-line?
Yes No
Rationale:

POSITIONING GRID
Is technology the most important factor to your firm? Yes No
If not, what is?
Identify 2 competitive advantages you must command in order
to succeed:
1.
2.
Marketing 8e
Opportunities 4
Plot positioning grid for these 2 factors

Is your offering too close to a competitor? Yes No
Strategy for putting distance between you:
Are there places on the grid where consumer wants and needs
are unsatisfied?
Yes No
Can your firm fill those gaps with e-business? Yes No
If not, will you modify offering to fill them? Yes No
Rationale:

Marketing 8e
Opportunities 5
MARKETING RESEARCH
Who will conduct MR? Independent firm In-house
MR
What kind of research will you do? (check all that apply)
Quantitative Qualitative Primary Secondary
List critical questions to which you need answers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
Will you use the Internet as MR tool? Yes No
Information gathering techniques to be used (check all that
apply):
Survey Observation Experimentation
In-home interviews Mystery Shopper Describe experiment:
Mall-intercept
interviews
One-way mirror
Telephone interviews Traffic counting
Executive interviews Other
Focus groups Scanner-Based
On-line focus groups Market basket data
Mail surveys Info-Scan
On-line surveys Behavior Scan
Other Other

Marketing 8e
Opportunities 6
COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE
List companies associated with this product group:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
How many companies are in the same industry as you?
List major magazines and other publications in this industry:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
Who are the reporters studying this industry?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Summary of articles written recently on this industry or product
group:
Marketing 8e

Opportunities 7
List Web sites specific to this industry:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Who are the leading experts in this industry?
•
•
•
•
•
•
List job openings posted on competitors’ Web sites:
1.
2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
Conclusions you draw about competition from posted job
openings:
Key elements of competitors’ mission statements:
•
•
•
•
•
•

Marketing 8e
Opportunities 8
Conclusions you draw about competition from mission
statements:
Will use the following competitive intelligence resources (check
all that apply):
Salespeople Experts CI consultants
Government agencies UCC filings Suppliers
Periodicals Yellow pages Trade Shows
Other
Text1: Car Tracking Text2: 517919Text9: Business to
businessText10: Capable of accessng the internetText11:
IndustrialText12: Capable of accesing the internetText13:

Professional servicesText14: Capable of accesing the
internetText15: Government agencies Text16: Capable of
accesing the internetText17: Financial services Text18: Capable
of accesing the internetText19: Intermediaries Text20: Capable
of accesing the internetText21: Transportation services market
is the most important for the business.Text22: Car
TrackingText23: Lio Tracking company deals with instalation
of car tracks. Therefore, the transport services markets best fits
the business since car owners will want to track the movement
of their vehicles. Text25: LargeText27: The business main
targets will be the urban areas where there are many cars. it will
also target rural areas. The focus will be national wide. Text28:
Car TrackingText29: The market will be divided according to
the social class and lifestyle of the target customers. Text30:
Car tracking services will most probably depend on the internet.
Fleet management will be done online and hence most of the
communications and transactions are via e-business platform. In
traditional business, it is not possible to do the tracking services
effectively. Text33: Shopping online is more convinient and can
reach many customers as compared to physical store. Text34:
Text36: Car TrackingText38: In order to put a distance between
the business and competitors, a cost leadership stragety will be
applied. The company will ensure top quality at relatively low
prices.Text40: Through e-business, the firm will ensure that the
prices are lowered significantly and efficiency is maintained.
Text41: Car TrackingText46: Text47: Car TrackingText49:
ManyText52: Lio tracking company sells cellphone enabled car
tracking devices. it is product, sales, market and societal
oriented. The company's goal is to improve globla vehicle
safety and productivity. Its mission is to staple proficiency and
maintain competitive improvement. The objective is to curb
vehicle loss, avoid losses in fleet business, eliminate reckles
driving and maintain good car conditions. The company
strengths are transparency, wide range of experts, rapid actions,
variety of products, strong management and traffic partnership.
Its weaknesses are the high levle of competition, loopholes,

increasing demand overwhelming its supply, cost of production
is high. Major competitors in the business are Toyota Corp,
Ford, Teletrack, Matrix and Starcom. Lio Company is well
positioned to handle global marketing and hence extend its
compeition. Text53: Car TrackingText57: From the job
openings, it can be concluded that most competitors are
focusing on increasing sales and increasing innovation. The
organizations are also aiming at increasing the the quality of
services and production. Text59: Car TrackingText60: From the
mission statements of competitors, it can be conncluded that
most organizations are aimed at ensuring quality services
through innovation and technologiocal developments. This will
reduce costs and hence increase their profitability and
competitiveness. Text62: Text24: Lio Tracking Company
Competitors
High (Efficiency) Low
(efficiency)
Ford
Low (Cost economy)Text4.0: Retail
MarketsText3.0: Consumer Product MarketsText5.0: Food an
Beverages MarketsText6.0: Transportation Service
MarketsText7.0: Government MarketsText8.0: Business
MarketsText3.1: capability based on region and incomeText8.1:
High capabilityText7.1: High capabilityText6.1: Capability is
relativeText5.1: Capability is RelativeText4.1: Capability based
on products Check Box24.0.0.0: YesCheck Box24.1.1.0.0:
YesCheck Box24.0.1.0.0.1.0.0: YesCheck
Box24.0.1.0.0.2.0.1.2.1: YesCheck

Box24.0.1.0.0.2.0.1.2.5.1.0.0.1.0: YesCheck Box61.0.0.0:
YesCheck Box61.1.0.1.1: YesCheck Box61.2.0.1.0: YesCheck
Box43.3.1.0: YesCheck Box45.0.0.1: YesCheck Box45.0.0.2:
YesCheck Box46.2: YesCheck Box46.5: YesCheck Box45.0.0.6:
YesCheck Box45.0.0.7: YesCheck Box43.0.0.0: YesCheck
Box43.2: YesCheck Box42.0: YesText26.0: High growth
rateText26.1: ModerateCheck Box32.0.0.0.0: YesCheck
Box32.0.0.1.0: YesText35.0: Efficiency. The business must be
in position to respond efficiently to calls of stolen
cars.Text35.1: Innovation. The business should be able to
increase customer satisfaction by offering innovative services.
Check Box37.0: YesCheck Box39.0.1: OffCheck Box39.0.0:
YesCheck Box39.1.0.0.0: YesText44.0: Do you own a
car?Text44.1: Do you have measures to ensure securioty for
your car?Text44.3: Would you like to install the car tracking
product that enables you to track the car on you cell
phone?Text44.2: Are you aware of car tracking capability using
your cell phone?Text44.4: Do you prefer e-business or
traditiomnal business?Text44.5: Why?Text50.0:
ForbesText48.1: StarcomText48.0: FordText48.2: Toyota
CorpText48.3: Tele trackText48.4: MatrixText48.5: Donlen
CorporationText50.2: LCT MagazineText50.1: The
EconomicsText50.4: Railinc MagazineText50.3: Angie's List
MagazineText50.5: Consumer Reports MagText51.0:
MainstreetText54.0: www.tracker.co.ukText54.1:
www.government-fleet.comText54.2:
www.metroonlindirectory.comText54.3:
www.driverlocate.comText54.4:
www.gpsinformation.netText54.5:
www.broeggeriet.dkText55.0: Toyota CorpText51.1: Consumer
ReportsText51.2: ForbesText51.3: Portale
DisinfestazioneText51.4: Fabbrica Text51.5: M-TrackText55.1:
FordText55.2: Wheels IncText55.3: TeletrackText55.4: GPS
InsightText56.0: Sales representativesText56.1: Marketing
ManagerText56.2: ICT managersText56.3:
AccountantsText56.4: Operations ManagersText58.0:

IntegrityText58.1: QualityText58.3: InnovationText58.2:
CompetitivenessText58.4: TechnologyText58.5:
EfficiencyCheck Box61.0.0.1.0: Yes
Ahmad Lari
Part 1
Lio Tracking Company Marketing Work Sheet
Lio Tracking Company Marketing Work Sheet
Lio Tracking company sells cellphone enabled car tracking
tool/device to all vehicle owners who see significance the
security of their cars .The car tracking product is compatible
with the consumer's cell phone for monitoring business fleets
and tracking lost cars. It eases the process of retrieving their
stolen cars easily. Furthermore, when one park’s their vehicle
the devices monitor the status of the vehicle and report every
status on that car. The owner of the vehicle could quickly notice
blocked parking and car interference hence handle it in time.
Orientation
What best describes your firm’s orientation?
Production
Technological orientation leads the Lio Company monitoring
business in production. There is maximum local and global
quality processing of tools due to massive research and
continuous innovations.
Sales
Sales access customer orientation through differentiation and
segmentation of the target consumer locally and globally. Lio
produces products that are unique for types of phones and
vehicles the clients own. There are a lot of advertisements and
wide-spread selling in this.
Market
Competitive orientation leads the market of Lio devices because

form what the rivals do, the marketers learn on how to cover
those weaknesses hence creating loyalty. There are product
positioning, competitive marketing, and aggressive
advertisements that influence the product exposure.
Societal
Social responsibility and inter-functional co-ordination among
the local personnel in charge of Lio company branches touch
individuals in each society. They manage through making
thriving businesses and secure environments that supply human
wants.
List ways your firm follows the marketing concept:
1 Swot analysis to find out standard rates that are desirable
for the society and target market.
2 Financial and market analysis to develop consumer
marketing pool and surplus consumer satisfaction of wants.
3 Expertise staff was hiring and teamwork that inspire
innovative quality productions.
4 Global positioning though a satellite platform for quality
services and devices.
5 Wireless data transfer, mapping network, and advanced
advertisements to meet high sales.
6 Business leadership and change initiation to enhance wide-
spread sales.
Our firm’s primary goal for companies is:
Improve global vehicle safety and productivity
Mission
Business mission: Lio’s mission is Staple Proficiency and
Maintainable Competitive Improvement .Lio Company is
working towards the accomplishment of a secure and reliable
economy by having a stable global and local market.
List objectives of your business marketing plan:
Objectives.
1 Curb vehicle loss among persons through security car
trackers.

2 Eliminate avoidable losses in fleet businesses by voice
directing the drivers on right turns and mapping interface.
3 Prevent unnecessary delays in fleet sales through track
monitoring.
4 Eliminate reckless driving and accidents through the GPS
data information cell tower.
5 Maintain car conditions and shape through proper handling
strategies.
SWOT
Person Completion responsible date
Describe competitive advantage of business offering:
1. There is a high level of transparency in the company as well
as close follow-up of consumers through the physical and online
platform.
2. There is a broad mix of experts from all over nations who
have successfully studied the automobile industry and the
consumer needs.
3. The company is fast in acting because on acceptance of
Kotter- 8 strategic change of leadership scheme, teamwork
skills, and innovativeness.
4. Active management and traffic partnership embrace the
installation of the tracking devices
5. Apart from the car tracking devices Lio Company has a
variety of products such as cars, paints, insurance policies and
body wears for the police.
Advantage
How will you leverage the advantage?
Transparency
Continue enhancing an accurate and stable firm policy of truth
and fair deals that will make customers loyal.
Wide Range of experts
Encourage them to maximally apply their skills in accessories
that customers need so as to counter competing companies.
Rapid actions
Satisfy clients’ desires and attract more consumers.

Strong management and traffic partnership
Initiate a sustainable tracking base for stolen vehicles.
Variety of products
Supply the broad automotive market which is volatile in needs.
That is parking, fleet, individual tracking.
Identify weaknesses of business offering:
Disadvantage
What steps will you take to overcome it?
Loopholes where the police fail to co-operate.
Focus on maximum dedicated working habit for the customers.
The competitors are too many.
Working out on business strategies that will step up Lio
company.
Consumer demands are growing in terms of the varieties of
tracker devices.
Develop unique strands of tracking devices through the experts
in the firm.
The cost of production and tracking is high hence consumers
complain.
Study innovative ways of producing quality products.
Initiate campaigns on educating consumers about product
benefits.
ETHICS
Will you integrate social responsibility into the marketing plan?
Yes.
Rationale: There is the integration of social responsibility into
the company in the fight against cancer because some
researchers claim that any electrical gadget might lead to such
attacks on the user. The company will donate funds towards
hospital projects that take care of cancer patients. Furthermore,
the firm will initiate the training of drivers and police officers

so as to boost the safety and productivity of vehicles because
knowledge of essential in the tracking adventure.
Describe any ethical problems your firm faces:
EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
1. Demographic: Women are a bit easy to convince on issues of
safety than men. Hispanics prefer self-move in security matters
while non-Hispanics take in provisions. Japanese people are
more likely to reject a new product until they receive full data
about the provider. However, they hate risks and would be quick
in securing their vehicles. Americans take in new ideas easily
therefore, Lio Compay has less work in marketing among them.
The old and middle age considers tracking seriously than the
youngsters. Lio firm has a hard task dealing with these
demographics for they require intensive researches and vigorous
teamwork.
2. Ethnic: There are states that fight crime at personal levels,
they don’t trust gadgets. Given that our company has
representatives from local levels the agents indicates that Lio
Tracker is superstitious and a prophet of doom for covering up
what is yet to happen. All the same after considerable exposure
to the idea of having the devices they purchase and have it
installed.
3. Economic: Nationwide, many car owners believe in insurance
as an easier and chap way of securing their cars. Some business
companies and individuals rely on brokers who tend to have
own choices of car safety firms. However, there are high hopes
as there is a lot of demand for the car tracking tools and devices
because of increased cases of car theft and dishonest business
managers.
4. Legislative: Every government is in support of monitoring
device establishment because it fights crime. It is, therefore, an
advantage to Lia Tracker firm hence they have formulated an
agreement with the traffic police departments so as to ease the
tracking procedures. The company has a partnered network with
the police forces hence share in the installation and tracking
venture that favorably work. Of late more attention has shifted

to the liability products and safety to the environment. Keeping
in mind the NASA, CRS, and ethical factors help Lio Tracker
Company to cover up the mess and implement quality car
tracking devices.
5. Social trends: The societies at present prefer having vehicles
when going to Drivers are opting to cover he device areas when
draining paraffin, they also hide the vehicle monitoring tool and
misuse the fleet vehicles. The firm is aware of this and has sent
to develop a mechanism of hidden trackers that the police, car
owner, and company know.
Some youth has taken to studying the tracking devices so as to
overcome the follow-up effort. Some police officers too
collaborate with those who steal vehicles hence rendering Lio’s
efforts useless. However, the company is innovating more
sophisticated and efficient tracking and monitoring tools.
6. Political: Some countries like Poland, Bulgaria and Poland
have enormous foreign debts that lead to unstable Governments.
Furthermore, there are foreign exchange challenges that create
unreliable business future in many nations including Japan.
Foreign Government Entry Requirements and Bureaucracy too
affects Lio Company because some places disregard – foreign
investors
Tariffs and other Trade Barriers: - Governments make the
clearance and tariffs too unfriendly for foreign companies hence
attracting corrupt deals in Venezuela and Mexico.
7. Competitive forces. The market is stiff with the competition
yet Lia tracker Firm focuses on being the leader in the car
tracking devices market. The factors that lead to the
competition include product worthiness and characteristics, "
device fitting costs, accuracy, safety, tracking expenses,
customer satisfaction, and financial issues".
It keeps the company from over-involvement in costs.
8. Technological forces. Competing firms rely on technological
empowerment of their devices so does Lia Tracker keeps an eye
on them and act before the competitors make a step.

Identify key competitors in your industry: NexTraq™, Tracker
Network (UK) Ltd. and Altech Natstar
Identify companies working in the same market as yours:
• Toyota Corp
• Ford
Teletrack
• Starcom
• Matrix
Identify ways to handle global marketing for your offering:
1. Lio Company capitalizes on branding, large-scale marketing
campaigns, social media and, research strategy, and global
Public Relations.
2. The company localizes the marketing strategies in each target
market through translations, proper communication and
implementation.
3. Acquire teams to work within the target global markets after
developing a plan so as to ease the execution of business and
transportation hitches.
4. Advertise and carry out road shows with a universal image or
find out particular celebrities in the target nations who suit the
advertisement segments.
5. Observe the international trends in car business and needs so
as to address with specificity what is required.
6. Studying the cultures of the target global markets in America,
Africa, Australia, and the Asian states
Running head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
5
Research proposal: Unilever

Joseph Moore
Excelsior College
IT390 Project Management
Professor Snead
25 October
Description of organization
Unilever is an industry that produces consumer goods such as
beverages, foods, personal home care products and cleaning
agents. It was founded by Antonius Johannes and William lever
the year 1930. It serves people worldwide Unilever is the third
largest consumer goods company globally by revenues closely
following Procter and Gamble and the Nestle. Being one of the
oldest consumer goods company in the world, Unilever has its
presence in about 100 countries. Unilever has more than 400
brands, but its main focus is on 14 brands. It operates in
following major countries, England, United States-Netherlands,
China, and India. Unilever has some branches in more than 100
countries. But its major concentration is in Hindustan in which
Unilever has a lot of shares.
This project is about the study of marketing campaigns for
Unilever products, which is as an essential part of running a
business (Wong, et al., 2004). The project helps to identify
effective ways to run successful marketing campaigns; this is
because effective campaigns need a careful research, well
thought out, detailed and effective strategies for
implementation.
Business Objective
The chief aim of a marketing campaign is to identify the
population appropriately who are likely to purchase Unilever
products – so as to promote and present the brands to them.

This entails informing the consumers about the available
products on top of showing products features, benefits and
giving them an offer they will not forget (Wong, et al., 2004).
In this case, Unilever should aim at marketing its brands
globally. The company should consider having largest market in
different countries where brand name provides a good platform
for its products. The better Unilever is able to define its best
prospective consumers and separate them from the rest, the
more efficient and effective marketing campaign can be.
Business Problem
The Unilever company is undergoing through a storm. There is
a myriad of challenges that face the firm though they are all tied
to one cause. In some instances, the company has been notified
concerning certain defects in its products. For instance in 2000,
the company was informed concerning the possible
contamination of Worcester sauce with Sudan 1 Dye (Wubs,
2008). Unilever had to recall several of its products including
Tomato and Pot Noodle, Colman Seafood sauce. Some of its
products like the Flora Original Spread had to be recalled in
2006 given that undesirable flavor was detected. Recalls of
products due to contamination or substandard nature of the
product has a negative effect on the customer image, which in
effect reduce customer and brand loyalty (Campos, 2010). With
time, the firm has experienced a sharp decline in the amounts
recorded as profits and incomes. The customer base in the firm
has also drastically been reducing over time during the
competitors, on the other hand, competitors are recording more
sales revenues than Unilever. In addition, the firm has in the
recent past also been marred by very high employees’ turnover
rate (Wubs, 2008).
Preliminary Project Requirements
1. Security requirements

2. Audit requirements
3. I Information validity requirements
4. Information movement requirements
5. Reporting requirements
6. Interview
7. Record review
8. Observation
Potential Risks
1. Operational safety risk -this involves the safety issues.
2. Financial risk- this entails examining if the requested funds
will be enough for the project and if the project will deliver
savings for projected scope.
3. Strategic risk- this involves analyzing if the funds will be
used appropriately and delivers some of the company goals.
4. Operational-technical risk -this include potential
interruptions of normal plant operations.
References
Campos, A. (2010). University-industry links in late-
industrializing countries: a study of Unilever Brazil. LAP
Lambert Academic Publishing.
Wong, F., Huhman, M., Asbury, L., Bretthauer-Mueller, R.,
McCarthy, S., Londe, P., & Heitzler, C. (2004). VERB™—a
social marketing campaign to increase physical activity among
youth. Preventing Chronic Disease, 1(3).
Wubs, B. 2008, International business and national war
interests, Unilever between Reich and Empire, 1939-45,
Routledge.

20000
In the first assignment for this course you will be selecting and
obtaining approval for the project that you will be documenting
throughout the remainder of the course. All projects have to
start somewhere, and they usually start as a proposal, often
called the "elevator pitch" because you should be able to
quickly summarize what you want to do in the time it takes for
you to ride the elevator with your boss from the ground floor up
to her office. This is where you will be asking for the
time/resources to investigate the scope and cost of a potential
project. The purpose of this assignment is for you to put
together your "pitch" so that I ("the boss") can approve your
request.
To speed things up, I am providing you with a template and a
choice of one of the three following project types. Select one
and use it as the basis for your M1A1 assignment. Please fill out
the attached template and submit for approval.
Option 1
A routine upgrade project, such as upgrading the PCs for a
company, or upgrading from one version of an operating system
to another. The project plan for this will need to include a
section justifying the upgrade.
Option 2
Selection and installation of a COTS (commercial off the shelf)
solution to meet a specific business or operational need. The
project plan for this one will need to include a section
describing the analysis and why the specific COTS solution was
chosen over the other options.
Option 3
A new software or hardware development project. The project
plan for this one will need to include a section justifying new
development over implementation of a COTS solution.

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