Iteraction design
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This document discusses interaction design and principles for user-centered design. It covers several topics: the seven stages of human action with goals, intentions, actions, feedback, and evaluation; crossing the gulfs of execution and evaluation in design; affordances and how objects provide clues about their use; the ISO principles of suitability, self-descriptiveness, controllability, conformity, error tolerance, individualization and learning; and tradeoffs in design decisions. The document emphasizes designing intuitive interfaces that guide users without the need for manuals.
Iteraction design
- 1. Mater of Arts in Communication Design WEB DESIGN Interaction design Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 1
- 2. Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 2
- 3. Don Norman Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 3
- 4. Interaction with word affector mechanism receptor Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 4
- 5. The seven stages of action (1) 1 • Forming the Goal • Something to be achieved. Can be stated in a very imprecise way, e.g., "make a nice meal“ 2 • Forming the Intention • Goals must be transformed into intentions, i.e., specific statements of what has to be done to satisfy the goal. E.g., "Make a chicken casserole using a can of prepared sauce.“ 3 • Specifying an Action Sequence • What is to be done to the World. The precise sequence of operators that must be performed to effect the intention. E.g., "Defrost frozen chicken, open can, ...“ 4 • Executing an Action • Actually doing something. Putting the action sequence into effect on the world. E.g., “actually opening the can” Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 5
- 6. The seven stages of action (2) 5 • Perceiving the State of the World • Perceiving what has actually happened. E.g., “the experience of smell, taste and look of the the prepared meal”. 6 7 • Interpreting the State of the World • Trying to make sense of the perceptions available. E.g., “Putting those perceptions together to present the sensory experience of a chicken casserole”. • Evaluating the Outcome • Comparing what happened with what was wanted. E.g., “did the chicken casserole match up to the requirement of 'a nice meal?” Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 6
- 7. How do we make things? Specify actions Set goal Execute actions Form intention Get status of word Evaluate outcome Understand status Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 7
- 8. How do we make things? Specify actions Set goal Execute actions Form intention Get status of word Evaluate outcome Understand status Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 8
- 9. How do we make things? Specify actions Set goal Execute actions Form intention Get status of word Evaluate outcome Understand status Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 9
- 10. How do we make things? Specify actions Set goal Execute actions Form intention Get status of word Evaluate outcome Understand status Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 10
- 11. Objective of good design • Help users cross the two gulfs • Without manuals! Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 11
- 12. When a device as simple as a door has to come with an instruction manual—even a one-word manual—then it is a failure, poorly designed. Donald Norman Not always possible, but is a good target! Minimize needs for help! Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 12
- 13. Help vs manuals • Help is when I get info during the process • Manual is something I’m supposed to read before and it is not context sensitive Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 13
- 14. Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 14
- 15. Sony – 65 buttons! Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 15
- 16. Affordance An affordance is a property of an object, or an environment, which allows an individual to perform an action. For example, a knob affords twisting, and perhaps pushing, while a cord affords pulling. Vital instrument to help customer to cross easily the gulf of evaluation. Evaluation makes by feedback analysis easier the execution! Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 16
- 17. Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 17
- 18. Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 18
- 19. Buttons Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 19
- 20. Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA Microsoft Office, 1995 Microsoft BOB, 1995 More an assistant than a guide 20
- 21. Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 21
- 22. The ISO Dialogue Principles • ISO9241-10 Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 22
- 23. Suitability for the Task • A dialog supports suitability for the task, if it supports the user in the effective and efficient completion of the task. The dialog presents the user only those concepts which are related to the user's task. Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 23
- 24. Self-Descriptiveness • A dialog supports self-descriptiveness, if each dialog step is immediately comprehensible through feedback from the system or is explained to the user on his or her requesting the relevant information. Microsoft Word for WindowsT Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 24
- 25. Controllability • A dialog supports controllability, if the user is able to maintain direction over the whole course of the interaction until the point at which the goal has been met. Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 25
- 26. Conformity with User Expectations • A dialog supports conformity with user expectations, if it corresponds to the user's task knowledge, education, experience, and to commonly held conventions. Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 26
- 27. Error Tolerance • A dialog supports error tolerance if, despite evident errors in input, the intended results may be achieved with either no or minimal corrective action having to be taken. Errors should be explained to the user for him or her to correct them. Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 27
- 28. Suitability for Individualization • A dialog supports suitability for individualization, if the dialog system is constructed to allow for modification to the user's individual needs and skills for a given task. Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 28
- 29. Suitability for Learning • A dialog supports suitability for learning, if it guides the user through the learning stages minimizing the learning time. Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 29
- 30. Choose the best (1) Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 30
- 31. Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 31
- 32. Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 32
- 33. Choose the best (2) Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 33
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- 35. Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 35
- 36. “There are no simple answers, only tradeoffs” Donald A.Norman Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 36
- 37. Roberto Dadda www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it +39 338 775 22 03 Twitter, facebook, linkedin: robertodadda Interaction design WEB DESIGN NABA 2014 Roberto DADDA 37