Janishamohan P ppt
- 1. WELCOME Presented by J JANISHAMOHAN P MATHEMATICS
- 3. Exceptional children are those who deviate significantly from the normal ones. An exceptional child deviates from the normal or average child in mental, physical and social characteristics to such a extend that he requires a modification of school practices or special education services or supplementary Instruction in order to develop his maximum capacity.
- 4. Characteristics of Exceptional Children • They deviate markedly from the average students • In comparison to children of his age group, he is superior in some ability • His educational attainment falls below his natural abilities • He demonstrates originally in ideas and action • They are dependent and feel difficulty in managing themselves • They posses low internal locus of control • The deviation may fall in any behavioral or developmental dimensions- physical, intellectual, emotional or social
- 5. Types of Exceptional Children • The gifted children • The backward children • The creative children • The mentally retarded children • The underachiever children • The physically handicapped children • The delinquent children • The socially disadvantaged children
- 6. 1. THE GIFTED CHILD A gifted is one who shows consistently remarkable performance in any worthwhile line of endeavor. Such an individual exhibits superiority in general intelligence or possesses special abilities of high order.
- 7. Education of gifted children • Special schools or separate schools • Ability grouping or separate classes • Skipping or double promotion • Acceleration or rapid advancement • Enrichment programs
- 8. 2. THE BACKWARD CHILD A backward child is one who compared with other pupils of the same shows marked educational deficiency, in general, is applied to cases where their educational attainment falls below the level of their natural abilities.
- 9. Education of backward children • Regular medical check-up and necessary treatment • Readjustment in the home and school • Provision of special schools or classrooms • Special coaching and proper individual attention • Provision of special curriculum and methods of teaching
- 10. 3. THE CREATIVE CHILD A creative child is one who has got an ability to create, discover pr produce a new idea or objects including the rearrangement or reshaping of what is already known to him. A creative child is curious, resourceful, flexible, open- minded, sensitive to problems and shows originality of ideas and expression.
- 11. Education of creative children • Appropriate opportunities and atmosphere for creative expressions should be provided in the school • Encourage the children to think about as many ideas as they may for the solution of the problem • Develop healthy habits like persistence, reliance, self- confidence • Students should be given full freedom for their development of imagination • Students can develop creativity through artistic expression by providing materials
- 12. 4. THE MENTALLY RETARDED CHILD A mentally retarded child is one who shows significantly subnormal general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior, and manifested during the development period.
- 13. Education of mentally retarded children • The special schools should be provided for these children • Curriculum, methods of teaching and tools for evaluation should be adjusted according to their individual needs • The learning task should be brief and uncomplicated • In special schools, greater emphasis should be placed on their emotional and social adjustment, inhibiting moral virtues and desirable personal habits
- 14. 5. THE UNDERACHIEVER CHILD An underachiever is a learner whose achievement consistently falls well below his potential ability. The term underachiever is used to refer children who are performing below their intellectual potential or below the standards that are set for their age or their grade level.
- 15. Education of underachiever children • Early identification and counseling • Special classroom • Adjusting school activities • Home school interaction • Unlearning of underachievement
- 16. 6. PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED CHILD A physically handicapped child is one who possesses a physical defect which reduces his efficiency in performing his personal and social obligations according to a socially determined standard. The types of physically handicapped are: (a) The visually handicapped (b) The aurally handicapped (c) The speech handicapped (d) The orthopedically handicapped
- 17. (a) Visually handicapped child A visually handicapped child is one who suffers from total or partial visual impairment. Blindness is regarded as the most severe and traumatic physical handicaps. Visual difficulties may influence the life of the individual in the physical, mental, social educational and vocational aspects.
- 18. Education of visually handicapped children • Provide residential blind schools • Provide special equipments • Vocational training • Special scholastic activities • Classroom arrangements
- 19. (b) Aurally handicapped child Aurally handicapped child is one who has difficulty in hearing either one or both ears or have no power of hearing at all. Such individuals lack the sense of hearing wholly or in part.
- 20. Education of aurally handicapped children • Use of hearing aid • Auditory training should be given • Provide speech reading technique • Vocational training • Provide preschool education • Classroom arrangements
- 21. (c) Speech handicapped child A speech handicapped child is one whose speech deviates so far from the speech of other people, that it calls the attention to itself, interferes with communication or causes discomfort or distress to the speaker or listener
- 22. Education of speech handicapped children • Identify children with speech defects and direct them to language therapist • Provide speech training • Encourage extra curricular activities • Care for the impaired children
- 23. (d) Orthopedically handicapped child An orthopedically child is one who suffers from a defect that is accompanied by one or another type deformity that inhibits the normal exercise of his muscles, joints or bones.
- 24. Education of orthopedically handicapped children • Provide vocational training • Adjust the school equipments • Access to school facilities • Conduct health programme • Provide suitable environment
- 25. 7. THE DELINQUENT CHILD A delinquent child or juvenile delinquent is one who deviates seriously from the norms of his culture or society and commits such acts that, if committed by an adult would be punishable as crimes.
- 26. Education of delinquent children • Educate the parents to understand their children and make them aware of the need for providing a proper environment • Save the child from bad company and antisocial environment • The impulses and emotions of children must be sublimated • Provide moral and religious teaching in the school to strengthen their super-ego and to develop noble sentiments • Rectify the school education and school environment by making it healthy and congenial
- 27. 8. THE LEARNING DISABLED CHILD The term learning disability refers to a mixed group of disorders manifested by significant difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening, speaking, writing, reasoning or mathematical abilities. The types of learning disabilities found among school aged students are: (a) Dyslexia (b) Dysgraphia (c) Dyscalculia
- 28. (a) Dyslexia Dyslexia is a language based learning disability characterized by a severe impairment in the ability to read and spell. People with dyslexia experience difficulties with accurate and fluent word recognition and has poor spelling and decoding abilities.
- 29. Education of Dyslexic Children • Adopt a systematic, explicit, multi- sensory method that involves several senses at the same time • Provide more time to complete class work and tests or do them orally • Recognize all victories and accomplishments to help raise self esteem • Encourage those students to expand and use their natural right brain and talents
- 30. (b) Dysgraphia Dysgraphia is a specific learning disability that affects writing abilities. It is a deficiency in the ability to write, regardless of the ability to read, not due to intellectual impairment. It can manifest itself as difficulties with spelling, handwriting and expressing thoughts on paper
- 31. Education of Dysgraphic Children • Encourage proper grip, posture and paper positioning • Allow students to use a line width that is most comfortable for them • Provide additional time for written tasks including note taking, copying and tests • Provide a slanted writing surface • Be patient and positive when practicing handwriting
- 32. (c) Dyscalculia Dyscalculia is a mathematical learning disorder where the mathematical ability is far below expected for a person’s age, intelligence and education. It can manifest itself as a person’s inability to understand basic number concepts and number relationships, recognize symbols and spatial information.
- 33. Education of Dyscalculic Children • Use everyday examples with real objects to help the student visualize the math problem • Utilize estimating skills to help students with dyscalculia • Use repeated reinforcement to remove potential negative feeling towards math • Always present only a small amount of new material and make sure that new concepts build on old ones in sequence • Give them opportunity to drill on skills and over practice them for the skills to become automatic
- 34. 9. THE SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED CHILD The socially disadvantaged child is who come from socially and economically backward section of the community who cannot profit from school because of deprivation of one sort or another
- 35. Education of socially disadvantaged children • Establish residential schools for deprived children where the expenses for education, clothing, boarding, medical care etc are being met by the government • Give financial aid for these children where poverty and financial problems found to be barrier in the path of progress • Give incentives to the indigent families • Adjust the school hours and vacations of deprived children so that these children get ample opportunities to assist their parents
- 36. Support for exceptional children
- 37. THANK YOU