Jignasa 2022-23 presentation.ppt
- 1. JIGNASA-STUDENT STUDY PROJECT PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT METHODS -WEALTH FROM WASTE Department of Chemistry Government Degree College Rangasaipet-Warangal, Warangal Dist. Submitted by: Ch. Likhita, BSc., (BZC) II year. P.Sindhu Bhavana, BSc., (BZC) II year M. Jayaprakash, BSc., (BZC), II year. Ch. Aditya, BSc., (BZC), II year. B.Aishwarya, BSc., (BZC), II year. Under the supervision of: Dr. Ch. Sudhakar Assistant Professor of Chemistry Government Degree College Rangasaipet-Warangal
- 2. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To learn and understand about the harmful effects of plastic waste. To learn and understand about some eco-friendly and economically benefited plastic waste management methods. To think about reduction of plastic use in our daily life and 100% collection of plastic waste. METHODOLOGY: We have gathered information about the plastic waste management and its importance from various open educational resources. ANALYSIS OF DATA : SOME TERMS-EXPLANATION PLASTIC: Plastics are synthetic polymers formed by a large number of monomers by polymerization process. Ex: Polythene, Polyvinylchloride, Polystyrene, Bakelite etc.,
- 3. nCH2=CH2 Ethene Low DensityPolythene (Monomer) Polymerisation Peroxide catalyst CH2 CH2 n (Polymer) Ziegler-Natta catalyst nCH2=CH2 Ethene High DensityPolythene (Monomer) Polymerisation CH2 CH2 n (Polymer) (Polymer) Vinylchloride Polyvinylchloride Styrene Polystyrene nCH2=CH-Cl CH2 CH n Cl (Monomer) Polymerisation Peroxide catalyst (Polymer) CH2=CH n (Monomer) Polymerisation Peroxide catalyst CH2-CH n
- 4. OH 3CH2=O + OH HO HO OH HO HO OH OH HO OH OH OH HO HO Heat, -H2O Phenol Phenol Formaldehyde Heat, -H2O Repeat, CH2=O Bakelite (Polymer) PLASTIC WASTE: The accumulation of plastic objects in our environment is known as plastic pollution or plastic waste. It is a non-biodegradable waste. PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT (PMW): The initiatives aims to establish environment-friendly plastic waste disposal solutions are known as plastic waste management.
- 5. INTRODUCTION : Plastic products have become an integral part of our daily life due to its broad range of applications. On an average, production of plastic globally crosses 150 million tonnes per year. Landfilled plastic lies untreated for hundreds of years and toxic chemicals from plastics drain out and seep into groundwater causes water and soil pollution. Due to plastic waste on the land, the drainage systems become clogged, causing flooding. In Incineration undesirable harmful gases, heavy metals and soot particles emits and causes environmental pollution. Over use of plastic causes serious damage to nature systems. To overcome these serious problems, we have to think about 100% collection of plastic waste.
- 7. MANAGEMENT OF PLASTIC WASTE: To safeguard the environment, the most important issue is the effective and efficient management of the massive volume of plastic waste generated around us. In this project we have reported three ecofriendly and economically benefited plastic waste management methods. They are, 1.CONVERSION OF PLASTIC WASTE INTO FUEL: Plastic waste is converted into fuel by pyrolysis process. Pyro means heat and lysis means break down. Pyrolysis is a de-polymerization process. Polymer (plastic) Pyrolysis Small molecules Catalyst, Absence of O2
- 8. PRINCIPLE: During pyrolysis the waste plastic materials have subjected to high temperature, the bonds between monomer units stretched to such an extent leading to breaking of bonds and the polymer break down into small and smaller molecular pieces. PROCEDURE: Mechanical segregation of plastic waste from municipal solid waste (MSW). 100% segregation of plastic waste with the help of optical segregation device. Dislodging dust and impurities, shredding of plastic waste . Pyrolysis of shredded plastic waste in the presence of catalyst and in the absence of oxygen at 350oC gives 80% liquid RDF, 15% gases, 5% carbon black.
- 9. P y r o l y s i s Mechanical segregation of plastic waste from mixed MSW dumpyard/storage Transportation of segregated plastic waste through conveyor belt for optical segregation Optical segregation of plastic waste and multilayer packagings except PVC Shredding of plastic waste and dislodging dust and impurities Transportation of segregated (100% plastic waste) into feeding hopper (reactor) Feeding of plastic waste into reactor for random depolymerization in presence of catalytic additives and in absence of O2 Schematic flow diagram of plastic waste pyrolysis 80% Liquid RDF 15% Gases 5% Carbon black
- 10. . ADVANTAGES: It reduces waste going into landfillings, incineration and prevents risk of soil, water and air pollution. We can use liquid RDF, Gases as fuels and carbon black in industrial applications. It creates new jobs for lower income people based on the quantity of plastic waste generated in that region which in turn produce public health benefits through waste cleanup.
- 11. 2.UTILIZATION OF PLASTIC WASTE IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION: The collected plastics waste segregated and only Polythene and Poly propylene is taken, cleaned, dried and shredded into 2-4 mm pieces. The gravel aggregate is heated to 160oC-170oC, and then it is transferred to mixing chamber. Similarly the bitumen is to be heated to 155oC-165oC in another chamber. At the mixing chamber, the shredded plastics waste is added over the hot aggregate. It gets coated uniformly over the aggregate within 30 to 45 seconds. The plastics waste coated aggregate is mixed with hot bitumen. Then this final resulted mix is used for laying roads.
- 12. Schematic flow diagram of plastic coated bitumen road construction Collection of Plastic Waste Segregation of Different Types of Plastics Cleaning & Drying of waste plastic (P.E;P.P) Shredding of Plastic waste into 2- 4 mm Gravel aggregate heated to around 160-170o C Shredded polymer waste is added to heated gravel aggregate for 30-40 sec. for uniform coating on the surface of gravel aggregate The plastic coated gravel aggregate is mixed with hot bitumen at 155-165o C The Composite (plastic coted gravel, bitumen mix) is used for road laying at temperature between 110-140o C
- 13. ADVANTAGES: Plastic-bitumen composite roads have better wear resistance than standard bitumen concrete roads. They do not absorb water; have better flexibility which results in less rutting and less need for repair. Road surfaces remain smooth, are lower maintenance, and absorb sound better. This is Cost-effective method.
- 14. 3.CO-PROCESSING OF PLASTIC WASTE AS ALTERNATIVE FUEL AND RAW MATERIAL (AFR) IN CEMENT KILNS: Waste plastic materials are used as fuel instead of coal in cement kilns during the heating stage of clinkers. Cement kilns are operated at 1400oC and above. At this high temperature waste plastic is destroyed and leaves no residue behind.
- 15. Waste plastic material primary collection & segregation Secondary segregation of waste to separate recyclable part Recyclable plastic waste Non-recyclable plastic waste Bailed material Transportation to cement plant for co-processing of plastic waste in cement kilns Schematic flow diagram of co-processing of plastic waste in cement kilns
- 16. ADVANTAGES: No ash left over after co-processing, heavy metals are trapped in the matrix of the clinker. It is an integrated solution to plastic waste management. It Reduces the overall Greenhouse gas emissions and Conservation of fossil fuel resources.
- 17. CONCLUSION AND SUGESSTIONS: We must use plastic with discretion. If possible we have to reduce and reuse plastic things. On an average, a plastic shopping bag is used for just 12 minutes. Less than 1% is recycled. Most of the plastic pollution in our environment is due to these plastic shopping bags. So we have to use biodegradable shopping bags instead of plastic shopping bags. And government should ban the use of all types plastic shopping bags. The Government should bring an Act for imposing fine on the people who is throwing plastic waste outside.
- 18. To collect 100% plastic waste, government should introduce Q.R code method. In this method Q.R Code must be printed on each and every plastic article. And the article cost should be 10-15% excess of the original cost. After use of that article the person who returns that plastic article gets that excess paid money back. This arrangement must be in every plastic using shop. If rich persons throws out that plastic article outside, the poor person who collects that article will get that money or the governments should use that accumulated money to clear the plastic waste. In this way we can stop plastic waste in our environment
- 19. REFERENCES: 1. Anand Prakash, Ritesh Ramesh Palkar, Co-processing of plastic waste in a cement kiln: a better option, Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2023), Vol. 30, Page.24804-24814. 2. Manoj Suthar, Nandeshwar Lata, Bharat Nagar, Plastic Waste as an Alternate Fuel, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), (2020) Vol. 9 (07), page 1254-1261. 3. Mrs. Prabha Singh, Dr. Lily Trivedi, Plastic Waste Management, GIS SCIENCE JOURNAL (2020), Vol. 7(2), page 25-31. 4. R.Manju; Sathya S; Sheema K; Use of Plastic Waste in Bituminous Pavement, International Journal of Chem. Tech. Research, (2017) Vol. 10( 8), page. 804-811. 5. Central Pollution Control Board, Overview of Plastic Waste Management, (2013), Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi-110032.
- 20. THANK YOU “Take care of the Earth and she will take care of you”