Terpenes (basics)
- 1. Terpenes By : mohammed kassim mohammed ghassan yahya abd_alkhaliq mostafa monqeth
- 2. General information Terpenes are unsaturated compounds formed by joining together isoprene units. Terpenes are components of a wide variety of fruit and aromas. Terpene derivatives are responsible for the special aroma of spices.
- 3. Terpenes The name ‘terpene’ is derived from the Greek word ‘terebinth’. Terebinth is a type of pine tree from which terpene-containing resins are obtained.
- 4. What are terpenes? Natural organic compounds. Components of a variety of fruit and and aromas. Used in perfumes, essential oils and medicines.
- 5. Therapeutic Uses of terpenes Antidepressant – Relieves symptoms of depression. Antifungal – Inhibits the growth of fungus Anti-Inflammatory – Reduces inflammation. Gastro-esophageal Reflux – Reduces acid reflux. Immune stimulant – Stimulates the immune system.
- 6. Spices contain terpenes Terpenes in plants can be oxidized to produce the compounds responsible for the special aroma of spices. Terpenes containing oxygen or other functional groups are known as ‘terpenoids’. Common spices containing terpenes include cloves, cinnamon and ginger.
- 7. Terpenes are unsaturated Terpenes are unsaturated compounds. All terpenes are built up from units of isoprene.
- 8. Building terpenes from isoprene Isoprene units can be linked: 1- head to tail to form linear terpenes 2- in rings to form cyclic terpenes.
- 9. Isoprene: the main unit to form terpene C CH3 CH2 CH CH2 Head Tail Isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) = One isoprene unit contains five carbon atoms Isoprene is the common name for 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene
- 10. Types of terpenes It’s could be monoterpenes or cyclicterpenes or diterpenes Terpenes can oxidised to a form terpenoid
- 11. Myrcene – a linear terpene • Myrcene is a component of plants, including bay, and thyme. Head TailHead Tail C CH3 CH3 CH CH2 C CH2 CH2 CH CH2 Chemical formulaC10H16 uses perfumery industry
- 12. Limonene – a cyclic terpene CH2 CH2 C CH CH2 CH C CH2CH3 CH3 Limonene (skin of citrus fruits) Chemical formula C10H16 Uses in cosmetic pro-ducts , in food manufacturing
- 13. Menthol – a cyclic terpenoid CH2 CH CH CH2 CH CH2 CH3 OH CH CH3CH3 Menthol (peppermint) This terpene has been oxidised to a terpenoid uses local anesthetic, relieve throat irritation Chemical formulaC10H20O
- 14. Absinthe – a cyclic terpenoid CH2 C CH CH C CH2 O CH3 CH CH3CH3 Thujone (Absinthe) This terpene has been oxidised to a terpenoid Chemical formula C10H16O uses Perfumery, Artemisia absinthium L.
- 15. Camphor – a cyclic terpenoid CH2 CH2 CH C C C CH2 O CH3 CH3 CH3 Camphor (Camphor tree) Chemical formula C10H16O Side effect Uses anesthetic , antimicrobial Camphor tree
- 16. α-Selinene – a cyclic terpene 3 isoprene units 15 carbon atoms CH2 CH2 CH2 CH C CH2 CH3 C C C CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 H α-Selinene Chemical formula C15H24 Uses reduce blood pressure
- 17. β-carotene – a linear terpene 8 isoprene units 40 carbon atoms CH2 CH2 CH2 C C C CH3CH3 CH CH C CH CH CH C CH CH CH CH C CH CH CH C CH CH C C CH2 CH2 CH2 C CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 β- c a r o t e n e Chemical formula C40H56 Uses decrease asthma symptoms, prevent heart disease
- 18. Side effects of terpenes Terpenes have not any side effect because it’s presence in plants & give it’s the special aromatic odor However , terpenes like any compound else shouldn’t used excessively because that reduce the advantage of it .
- 19. Summary Terpenes are unsaturated compounds formed by joining together isoprene units. Terpenes are components in a wide variety of fruit and floral flavours and aromas. Terpenes can be oxidised within plants to produce the compounds responsible for the distinctive aroma of spices.
- 20. Refrences http://theleafonline.com/c/science/2014/09/terpene- profile-limonene/ https://www.medicaljane.com/category/cannabis- classroom/terpenes/#terpenes-in-cannabis http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/818675-overview
- 21. Done & Done