Terpenoids
- 1. TOPIC INTRODUCTIONAND CLASSIFICATION OF TERPENOIDS PREPARED BY RIMSHA BAKHTAWAR RASHEED MSC CHEMISTRY
- 2. WHAT ARE TERPENOIDS • The terpenoids, also known as isoprenoids, are a large and diverse class of naturally occurring organic chemicals derived from the 5- carbon compound isoprene, and the isoprene polymers called terpenes. • While sometimes used interchangeably with "terpenes", terpenoids contain additional functional groups, usually containing oxygen. 5/13/2021 terpenoids 2
- 3. • Terpenoids are the largest class of plant secondary metabolites, representing about 60% of known natural products. • Plant terpenoids are used for their aromatic qualities and play a role in traditional herbal remedies. • Terpenoids contribute to the scent of eucalyptus, the flavors of cinnamon, cloves, and ginger, the yellow color in sunflowers, and the red color in tomatoes. 5/13/2021 terpenoids 3
- 5. The steroids and sterols in animals are biologically produced from terpenoid precursors. Sometimes terpenoids are added to proteins, e.g., to enhance their attachment to the cell membrane; this is known as isoprenylation. 5/13/2021 terpenoids 5
- 6. CLASSIFICATIONOF TERPENES Terpenes are classified into many categories based on the no. of carbon atoms and iso- prene residues present in their structure: 5/13/2021 terpenoids 6
- 7. Classification Isoprene Units Carbon monoterpenes 2 C10 sesquiterpenes 3 C15 diterpenes 4 C20 sesterterpenes 5 C25 Triterpenes 6 C30 5/13/2021 terpenoids 7
- 8. ISOPRENE RULES • A majority of these compounds are found only in plants, but some of the larger and more complex terpenes (e.g. squalene & lanosterol) occur in animals. • Terpenes may be considered to be made up of isoprene (more accurately isopentane) units, an empirical feature known as the isoprene rule. Because of this, terpenes usually have 5n carbon atoms ( n is an integer), and are subdivided as follows: 5/13/2021 terpenoids 8
- 9. • Examples of C10 and higher terpenes, representing the four most common classes are shown in the following diagrams. 5/13/2021 terpenoids 9
- 10. Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes 5/13/2021 terpenoids 10