lab2.pptx.pdf

INTRODUCTION TO CS
LAB (2)
DOS COMMANDS

DOS COMMANDS
What is a command
Types of DOS Commands
⚫ Internal
⚫ External
Basic Terms
⚫ File (File Types)
Executable File
Non Executable File
⚫ Directory
⚫ Root Directory
⚫ Parent Directory

WHAT IS A COMMAND
A command is a set of instructions used to
perform a specific work
Interpreted by the OS interpreter to a machine
language
E.g. <md Ram>,<cd Ram>,etc.

TYPES OF COMMAND
Internal Command
⚫ Those commands which are already loaded in the
Command.COM file while switching to the MS DOS
⚫ E.g. CLS, VER, DEL, etc.
External Command
⚫ Those commands which are not loaded when loading the
Program but are available in the Disk and can be invoked
whenever necessary
⚫ E.g. FORMAT, TREE, XCOPY, etc.

WHAT IS A FILE
A group of organized data (records) which are
assembled for one particular purpose and
considered as one unit
Stored in permanent storage like hard disk,
diskettes, etc.

TYPES OF FILES
Files can broadly be categorized into two types:
1. Executable Files
2. Non-Executable Files (Data Files)

WHAT ARE EXE FILES
Exe Files:
1. Program files that run or execute themselves
2. Have either COM or EXE or BAT as extension

WHAT ARE DATA FILES
Non- executable files that contain only the data
that we produce
Cannot execute themselves
Need application program to run

WHAT IS A DIRECTORY
A directory is a list of file which is itself a file
stored in the computer’s memory so that users
can reference it as it is required
Also called a catalog of files

ROOT DIRECTORY
The Root directory is that directory that is
automatically created when the disk is formatted
It is the current drive that we have been working
⚫ E.g. A:, B: (for Floppy Disk Drive)
⚫ C:,D: etc. (for Hard Disk Drive)

CURRENT / PARENT DIRECTORY
Current directory is that directory in which you
are currently working
Parent directory is that directory which is one
level up of the current directory
⚫ E.g. C:RamHari>
Root directory
Parent directory
Current directory

GETTING INTO MS DOS
To start MS DOS, click
on the Start button and
choose Run
In the Run dialog box,
type CMD or
COMMAND which is
the EXE file for MS
DOS
Click on the OK button

LISTING THE DIRECTORIES AND FILES IN MS
DOS
For listing the Sub-directories and Files within a
directory, we use the DIR command
Syntax :
⚫ DIR [Directory_name]
⚫ E.g. C:>DIR NCIT
Displays all the directories/files within the directory NCIT

1. Dir/p : -Display file and directory page wise.
2. Dir/w :- Display file And directory in horizontal Style.
3. Dir/p/ w:- Display file And directories page wise and
horizontal style also.
4. Dir/ah :-Display all hidden files and directories.
5. Dir/a-d : - Display only files.

6. Dir/ad :- Display only Directories.
7. Dir/a/s:-Display all directory and file with subdirectory.
8. Dir/a :- Display All Hidden And Non hidden file and
directories.
9. Dir n*.* :Display all file and directory starting with ‘ n ’
alphabet.

CREATING A DIRECTORY IN MS DOS
For creating the Directory in MS DOS, we use the
MD (Make Directory)command
Syntax:
⚫ C:> MD NCIT

CHANGING A DIRECTORY IN MS DOS
For changing the directory in MS DOS, we use
the CD (Change Directory) command
Syntax:
⚫ C:>CD NCIT
Now it appears as:
⚫ C:NCIT>

SWITCHING BETWEEN DIRECTORIES
For switching between the directories we use the
CD.. Or CD commands
The CD.. Command switches from the current
directory to the Parent directory whereas the CD
command switches from the current directory to the
Root directory

CREATING FILES IN MS DOS
For creating the files in DOS, the
command COPY CON is used
Syntax:
⚫ COPY CON filename
Note:
⚫ After this command is typed, you'll be returned to a blank line,
which is the start of your file. Enter the lines you want to insert
into the file and, when done, press Ctrl+Z to create the file. If
you want to cancel the creation of the file, press Ctrl+C.

READING FILES IN MS DOS
For reading the Pre-created files in MS DOS, we
use the TYPE command. It displays all the
contents that are in the file.
Syntax :
⚫ TYPE Filename

RENAMING FILES
For renaming the files in MS DOS we use the
REN Command
Syntax:
REN oldfilename newfilename

DELETING FILES IN MS DOS
For deleting files in MS DOS we use the DEL
command
Syntax :
⚫ DEL Filename

DELETING DIRECTORIES IN MSDOS
For deleting the directories in MS DOS we use
the RD command
Syntax :
⚫ RD Directoryname
Note : For removing the directory first the directory
should be empty

COPYING FILES IN MS DOS
In MS DOS, Files can be copied within the same
as well as to another Drive / directory
For copying the files in the same drive we use the
following syntax :
⚫ COPY sourcefile destination
⚫ E.g. C:>COPY [c:]NCITfile1.txt
C:NCITNGH

COPYING FILES IN MS DOS
Files can be copied not only in the same drive but in
different drive, too. For copying the files in different
drive, a complete location along with the Drive
specification should be mentioned
Syntax :
⚫ C:>COPY C:NCITfile1 D:NCITNGHNCIT

THE MOVE COMMAND
The MOVE Command in MS DOS is used to
permanently move the files from one location to
another.
The COPY command only copies the files leaving
the original one, whereas the MOVE command does
not leave any copy
Syntax :
⚫ C:>MOVE source_file destination_directory
E.g.
⚫ C:>MOVE c:NCITfile1 D:NCIT1file2

THE VOL COMMAND
The VOL command is used to check the Volume
of the Disk-drive. It displays the volume of the
current disk-drive
Syntax :
⚫ VOL Drivename
E.g.
⚫ C:> VOL

CHECKING THE VERSION OF OS
The VER command is used to check the version of
the Operating System that is used in the Computer
Syntax :
⚫ C:>VER
E.g. C:>VER

CHECKING THE DATE/TIME
For checking the date from the system in MS DOS,
we use the DATE command. It returns the current
system date.
Similarly, the TIME command returns the current
time from the system.
Syntax :
⚫ C:>DATE
E.g. C:>DATE

EXTERNAL COMMANDS
Those commands which are not loaded when
loading the Program but are available in the
Disk and can be invoked whenever necessary
E.g. FORMAT, TREE, XCOPY, etc.

THE LABEL COMMAND
The Label command is used to check the label of
the disk that you have been currently working
Syntax :
⚫ Label [drivename]
E.g.
⚫ C:>Label

XCOPY COMMAND
Xcopy command is used to copy the files from one location
to another along with the directories/sub-directories
Syntax :
⚫ C:>XCOPY c:dir_name d:[dir_name]
E.g. C:>XCOPY c:CSE d:[CSE]
Note: For copying all the sub-directories, /S is used

THE DISKCOPY COMMAND
The DISKCOPY command is used to copy all the
files from one disk to the another disk
It can be used to copy files from one floppy disk to
another (if two floppy drives exist in the System)
Syntax :
⚫ C:> DISKCOPY first_diskdrive: second_diskdrive:
E.g.
⚫ C:> DISKCOPY A: B:

THE DISKCOMP COMMAND
The DISKCOMP command in MS DOS compares
the contents of two disks (hard disk or floppy disk). The
system first reads the contents of one disk and
compares it with the another
Syntax :
⚫ C:> DISKCOMP A: B:
Note:
⚫ Not available on windows 10
For defining the no.of sectors, /no. can be used

THE FORMAT COMMAND
The FORMAT command prepares a new disk for
use by organizing the disk into magnetic tracks
and sectors
Syntax :
⚫ A:>FORMAT [Drive_name]
E.g.
⚫ C:>FORMAT A:

THE TREE COMMAND
The TREE command is used to display all
directory pathnames on the specified disk
Syntax :
⚫ C:>TREE [disk_name]
E.g.
⚫ C:>TREE A:

THE EDIT COMMAND
The EDIT command in MS DOS is used to
edit the files. It provides a different full
screen Editor window with a few menu
options.
Syntax :
⚫ C:>EDIT [filename]
Note:
⚫ The edit command is a legacy 16-bit program, which is
incompatible with 64-bit operating systems.
Therefore, 64-bit versions of Windows do not come installed
with, and cannot run, the edit command. On 64-bit Windows
systems, use Notepad to edit files

THE MORE COMMAND
The MORE Command in MS DOS is used to view
the contents of directories or files one line after the
another, I.e. it displays one line at one press of
return (Enter) key
Syntax :
⚫ DIR |MORE
E.g.
⚫ DIR C:NCIT |MORE
A pipeline is used along with the MORE command

THE PRINT COMMAND
The PRINT Command in MS DOS is used to
print the text files
Syntax :
⚫ PRINT Filename
E.g.
⚫ PRINT File1.txt

THE PROMPT COMMAND
The PROMPT is used to configure a DOS
prompt into our linking
Syntax :
⚫ C: PROMPT Promptname
E.g.
⚫ PROMPT NCIT
Now, the Prompt will be as NCIT

A CHART OF THE COMMANDS EXPLAINED

DIR COMMAND OPTIONS
dir: Displays a list of files
and subdirectories in a
directory.
DIR[drive:][path][filename]
[/A[[:]attributes]] [/B] [/C]
[/D] [/L] [/N]
[/O[[:]sortorder]] [/P] [/Q]
[/R] [/S] [/T[[:]timefield]]
[/W] [/X] [/4]

ONLINE TUTORIALS
http://people.uncw.edu/pattersone/121/labs/L1_M
SDOS_Primer.pdf
https://www.c3scripts.com/tutorials/msdos/comm
ands.html
https://www.kean.edu/~shahrabi/welcome/home/I
D1400/dos.htm
http://behtek.com/SM/MS-DOS.pdf
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/d/dos.htm

lab2.pptx.pdf

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to lab2.pptx.pdf (20)

More from ssuser536c36 (8)

Recently uploaded (20)

lab2.pptx.pdf