LEARNING STRATEGIES.ppsx
- 1. OXFORD, Rebecca. Learning Styles and Strategies. 1st ed. Cambridge University Press, 2003.
- 2. According to Oxford (1991) learning strategies are specific behaviors or processes that students use to enhance their FL learning
- 3. Strategy relates well to the FL task at hand, Strategy fits the particular student’s learning style preferences to one degree or another, Students that employs the strategy effectively and links it with other relevant strategies. “Strategy make learning easier, faster, more enjoyable, more self-directed and more transferrable to new situations”.
- 4. Ehrman & Oxford say that students normally use strategies related to their own preferences of learning. Furthermore, they point out that it is up to the teacher to direct and instruct students to benefit from using strategies as well as choosing them.
- 5. Learning Strategies are conscious and controlled by the learners. Strategies aim language learning pre set goals. A well-orchestrated set of strategies might lead to a fulfilling learning.
- 6. Achievement of proficiency, High level of self-efficacy, Learners are able to choose better and more effective strategies with time, Learn to reflect their own language learning process, Become good language learners.
- 7. Researchers and Teachers have improved ways to instruct students and/or learners on how to use strategies in a more relevant and powerful manner, Increase motivation, Positive results can be achieved, Demonstrate when a given strategy might be used and how to transfer it to other situations.
- 8. COGNITIVE STRATEGIES: Enable leaners to manipulate materials in indirect ways. Reasoning Analysis Note-taking Summarizing Synthesizing Outlining Schemes
- 9. METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES: is to talk about and reflect about what have been learned. Identifying one’s learning style Gathering and organizing materials Study space, time and purpose Monitoring one’s own mistakes Evaluating one’s own tasks Autonomy
- 10. MEMORY-RELATED STRATEGIES: it does not involve deep understanding and it enable learners to learn and retrieve information in an organized way. Acronyms Sounds Images Combination of sounds and images Body movement Mechanical means Location
- 11. COMPENSATORY STRATEGIES: is whatever one uses to compensate language during any communicative act. Often used in speaking and writing (COHEN, 1998). Guessing from a context Synonyms Explaining a word Using gestures Using gestures, pauses, etc.
- 12. AFFECTIVE STRATEGIES: it can be used to check students progress in learning. Identify one’s mood Anxiety level Talk about feelings Rewardings Positive self-talk
- 13. SOCIAL STRATEGIES: help learners to work with others, interacting and to understand the FL culture and language. Asking questions Asking for help Talk with natives Conversation in pairs Exploring cultural and social norms
- 14. How do you know if you have learning strategies? How do you know if you use them? How do you know if it is working for you? How do you transfer them from one place to another? ◦ Self-reports ◦ Observations ◦ Interviews ◦ Journals ◦ Think-aloud
- 15. Preparing classes focusing in developing Learning strategies, Change teaching methodologies to teach Learning Strategies, Teachers must assess, check if it is happening, Taking into account Students Leaning Styles and preferences, The more students learn how to use FL learning strategies the less work teacher’s will have,