Learning_The_Periodic_Table.pptx.easy_understand
- 2. Learning The Periodic Table of Elements
- 3. What is the Periodic Table of Elements? • Elements are substances that cannot be broken down any further by chemical means. There are over 100! • The Periodic Table is the arrangement of these elements by increasing atomic number and similar properties.
- 4. Elements • Each element on the Periodic Table has an atomic number, symbol, name and average atomic mass. • Atomic number – the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. • Average atomic mass – the mass of an atom including the protons, neutrons and electrons.
- 6. How is it Arranged? • The elements are put into rows by increasing ATOMIC NUMBER. • The horizontal rows are called periods and are labeled 1 to 7. • The vertical rows are called groups and are labeled 1 to 18 The red lines show the different periods and the green lines show the groups.
- 7. Grouped Elements Have Similarities • Elements in the same group have similar properties. Remember, groups are columns. • Chemical Property - a property used to characterize materials in reactions that change their identity. Ex: burning something. • Physical Property - a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into something else. Ex: measuring something’s length, color, mass or volume.
- 8. Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids • The major categories of elements are the metals, non-metals, and metalloids. • Metals are lustrous, malleable, and are good conductors of heat and electricity. • Non-metals are elements that do not share the properties of metals. • Metalloids are elements that share some, but not all the properties of metals.
- 9. Metals - Lustrous, Malleable, and Good Conductors? These are physical properties of metals • Lustrous means shiny or reflective of light. – Coins and jewelry are shiny and reflective . • Malleable means capable of being shaped. – Aluminum foil is shaped or molded around food items to keep them fresh. • Being a Good Conductor means being able to allow electricity and heat to flow through. − When you think about the wires we use for electrical devices, they are mostly made of copper and other metals.
- 10. Alkali Metals • Elements in Group 1 (not including Hydrogen). • Very reactive metals. Always combine with something else in nature. • Salt – an Alkali Metal, Sodium, and another element, Chlorine, combined.
- 11. Alkaline Earth Metals • Elements in Group 2. • Reactive Metals that are always combined with non-metals in nature. • Several of these elements are important mineral nutrients, like Calcium.
- 12. Transition Metals • Elements in Groups 3-12. • Less reactive, harder metals. • Includes metals used in jewelry, money and construction.
- 13. Boron Family • Elements in Group 13. • Boron has properties of both metals and non-metals. • The rest of the elements in this group are metals.
- 14. Carbon Family • Elements in Group 14. • Contains elements important to life and computers. • Carbon is the basic element in all organic compounds. • Silicon and Germanium are important semiconductors.
- 15. Nitrogen Family • Elements in Group 15. • Nitrogen makes up more than ¾ of our atmosphere. • The red tip of matches is made of phosphorous.
- 16. Oxygen Family or Chalcogens • Elements in Group 16. • Oxygen is necessary for respiration. • Many things that have a bad odor contain sulfur.
- 17. Halogens • Elements in Group 17. • Very reactive, diatomic non-metals. • Always found combined with other elements in nature. • Chlorine is used to keep bacteria out of swimming pools.
- 18. Noble Gases • Elements in Group 18. • VERY reactive gases. • Used in lighted neon signs. • Helium is used to make party balloons float.