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R.K. Panse
Assistant Professor (Entomology)
JNKVV-College of Agriculture, Balaghat,
M.P.
Email: rkpanse@jnkvv.org
Fundamentals of Entomology
 Insects are invertebrates grouped in the phylum Arthropoda and subphylum
Uniramia.
Arthropoda Greek words (arthros = jointed, podos = foot)
 Arthropoda is the largest phylum in the Animal Kingdom.
 Arthropods are segmented animals which have jointed appendages.
INTRODUCTION
Characters of the Phylum Arthropoda are
 Segmented body is divided into head, thorax and abdomen. Sometimes head
and thorax are united together to form cephalothorax
 Segments grouped into 2 or 3 regions (tagma) known as Tagmosis.
 Paired, segmented appendages.
INTRODUCTION
Characters of the Phylum Arthropoda are
 Dorsal heart with valve like ostia.
 Dorsal brain with ventral nerve cord.
INTRODUCTION
Characters of the Phylum Arthropoda are
 Renewable chitinous exoskeleton - a hard protective covering around the
outside of the body (divided by sutures into plates called sclerites).
 Grow by molting.
 Bilateral symmetry of body.
INTRODUCTION
Characters of the Phylum Arthropoda are
 Body cavity filled with blood and called as haemocoel.
 Tubular alimentary canal with mouth and anus at anterior and posterior
ends.
 Striated muscles (with dark and light bands).
 No cilia (hair like vibratile structure on the surface of the cell).
INTRODUCTION
Class- Onychophora (claw bearing) e.g. Peripatus
Phylum Arthropoda is Classified in to 7 classes
Class- Crustacea (Crusta - shell) e.g. Prawn,
crab, wood louse
•Mostly aquatic, free living parasites.
•Two body regions – Cephalothorax and abdomen.
•Excretion is done by green glands.
Class- Arachnida (Arachne - spider) e.g. Scorpion, spider,
tick, mite
Phylum Arthropoda is Classified in to 7 classes
spider
Scorpion
tick Mite
•Terrestrial, 2 body segments - cephalothorax and abdomen.
•4 pairs of legs, simple eyes, respiration is done by gills or lungs no antennae.
Class- Chilopoda (Chilo - lip; poda -
appendage) e.g. Centipedes
Phylum Arthropoda is Classified in to 7 classes
Class- Diplopoda (Diplo - two;
poda- appendage) e.g. Millipede
•body is long, flattened and multi-segmented.
•1 pair of legs per body segment.
•1 pair of antennae.
•1st pair of legs modified into venomous “fangs”
Many body segments, long and cylindrical 2
pair of legs per body segment
Class- Trilobita (an extinct group)
Phylum Arthropoda is Classified in to 7 classes
Class- Hexapoda (Hexa- six; poda-
legs) or Insecta (In- internal; sect –
cut) e.g. Insects.
Class Hexapoda or Insecta
 Body divided in to 3 segments: head, thorax & abdomen.
 Possess three pairs of legs, hence the name Hexapoda.
 Presence of one or two pairs of wings.
 A pair of antennae.
 Respiration by internal air tubes known as trachea.
 Genital opening situated at the posterior end of the body.
 Presence of metamorphosis (incomplete/complete)
during development.
 Possess exoskeleton made up of hard cuticle which plays
important role for survival.
 Excretion is mainly by malpighian tubules which help in
maintaining ionic balance.

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Lec. 3 classification of phylum.ppt

  • 1. R.K. Panse Assistant Professor (Entomology) JNKVV-College of Agriculture, Balaghat, M.P. Email: rkpanse@jnkvv.org Fundamentals of Entomology
  • 2.  Insects are invertebrates grouped in the phylum Arthropoda and subphylum Uniramia. Arthropoda Greek words (arthros = jointed, podos = foot)  Arthropoda is the largest phylum in the Animal Kingdom.  Arthropods are segmented animals which have jointed appendages. INTRODUCTION
  • 3. Characters of the Phylum Arthropoda are  Segmented body is divided into head, thorax and abdomen. Sometimes head and thorax are united together to form cephalothorax  Segments grouped into 2 or 3 regions (tagma) known as Tagmosis.  Paired, segmented appendages. INTRODUCTION
  • 4. Characters of the Phylum Arthropoda are  Dorsal heart with valve like ostia.  Dorsal brain with ventral nerve cord. INTRODUCTION
  • 5. Characters of the Phylum Arthropoda are  Renewable chitinous exoskeleton - a hard protective covering around the outside of the body (divided by sutures into plates called sclerites).  Grow by molting.  Bilateral symmetry of body. INTRODUCTION
  • 6. Characters of the Phylum Arthropoda are  Body cavity filled with blood and called as haemocoel.  Tubular alimentary canal with mouth and anus at anterior and posterior ends.  Striated muscles (with dark and light bands).  No cilia (hair like vibratile structure on the surface of the cell). INTRODUCTION
  • 7. Class- Onychophora (claw bearing) e.g. Peripatus Phylum Arthropoda is Classified in to 7 classes Class- Crustacea (Crusta - shell) e.g. Prawn, crab, wood louse •Mostly aquatic, free living parasites. •Two body regions – Cephalothorax and abdomen. •Excretion is done by green glands.
  • 8. Class- Arachnida (Arachne - spider) e.g. Scorpion, spider, tick, mite Phylum Arthropoda is Classified in to 7 classes spider Scorpion tick Mite •Terrestrial, 2 body segments - cephalothorax and abdomen. •4 pairs of legs, simple eyes, respiration is done by gills or lungs no antennae.
  • 9. Class- Chilopoda (Chilo - lip; poda - appendage) e.g. Centipedes Phylum Arthropoda is Classified in to 7 classes Class- Diplopoda (Diplo - two; poda- appendage) e.g. Millipede •body is long, flattened and multi-segmented. •1 pair of legs per body segment. •1 pair of antennae. •1st pair of legs modified into venomous “fangs” Many body segments, long and cylindrical 2 pair of legs per body segment
  • 10. Class- Trilobita (an extinct group) Phylum Arthropoda is Classified in to 7 classes Class- Hexapoda (Hexa- six; poda- legs) or Insecta (In- internal; sect – cut) e.g. Insects.
  • 11. Class Hexapoda or Insecta  Body divided in to 3 segments: head, thorax & abdomen.  Possess three pairs of legs, hence the name Hexapoda.  Presence of one or two pairs of wings.  A pair of antennae.  Respiration by internal air tubes known as trachea.  Genital opening situated at the posterior end of the body.  Presence of metamorphosis (incomplete/complete) during development.  Possess exoskeleton made up of hard cuticle which plays important role for survival.  Excretion is mainly by malpighian tubules which help in maintaining ionic balance.