![A memorandum (abbrev.: memo) was from the
Latin verbal phrase memorandum est, the gerundive
form of the verb memoro, "to mention, call to mind,
recount, relate",[1]
which means "It must be
remembered (that)...". It is therefore a note,
document or other communication that helps the
memory by recording events or observations on a
topic, such as may be used in a business office.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecture-1-technical-writing-150625082805-lva1-app6891/85/Lecture-1-technical-writing-10-320.jpg)
Lecture 1-technical-writing
- 2. Technical writing is a written communication which by nature has the characteristics of business, science and technology. It focuses on audience selection, makes use of precise, economical and unemotional language and employs technical jargon. Likewise, it uses certain conventional and organizational format
- 3. Technical writing is any written form of writing or drafting technical communication used in a variety of technical and occupational fields, such as computer hardware and software, engineering, chemistry, aeronautics, robotics, finance, consumer electronics, and biotechnology.
- 4. Point of Contrast Technical Writing Literary/ Creative Writing subject Scientific/ technical Generally about life readership specific general format formal informal language Literal/direct/denotative Figurative/ indirect/connotative style Impersonal/simple Personal/elaborated tone Serious/unemotional Light/ conversational content Objective/neutral Subjective/opinionated purpose Informative/instructional Informative/entertaining
- 5. Two Basic Aspects of Technical Writing - end products - skills used to make the end products
- 6. END PRODUCTS OF TECHNICAL WRITING Business letter abstract Technical report graphic aids Feasibility report handbook Brochure Contract Instructional manual Proposal Memorandum Specification
- 9. A memorandum is an important form of written communication circulated within the company and its branches which is used to disseminates a message or information. ( Manalo & Fermin)
- 10. A memorandum (abbrev.: memo) was from the Latin verbal phrase memorandum est, the gerundive form of the verb memoro, "to mention, call to mind, recount, relate",[1] which means "It must be remembered (that)...". It is therefore a note, document or other communication that helps the memory by recording events or observations on a topic, such as may be used in a business office.
- 13. Instructional Manual describes the procedures on how to install, operate and maintain a gadget or equipment
- 14. An abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis review, conference proceeding or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject or discipline, and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. When used, an abstract always appears at the beginning of a manuscript or typescript, acting as the point-of-entry for any given academic paper or patent application.
- 15. The hydrodynamics of dolphin drafting by Daniel Weihs, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. Abstract: Background Drafting in cetaceans is defined as the transfer of forces between individuals without actual physical contact between them. This behavior has long been surmised to explain how young dolphin calves keep up with their rapidly moving mothers. It has recently been observed that a significant number of calves become permanently separated from their mothers during chases by tuna vessels. A study of the hydrodynamics of drafting, initiated in mechanisms causing the separation of mothers and calves during fishing-related activities, is reported here.
- 16. Results Quantitative results are shown for the forces and moments around a pair of unequally sized dolphin-like slender bodies. These include two major effects. First, the so- called Bernoulli suction, which stems from the fact that the local pressure drops in areas of high speed, results in an attractive force between mother and calf. Second is the displacement effect, in which the motion of the mother causes the water in front to move forwards and radially outwards, and water behind the body to move forwards to replace the animal's mass. Thus, the calf can gain a 'free ride' in the forward-moving areas. Utilizing these effects, the neonate can gain up to 90% of the thrust needed to move alongside the mother at speeds of up to 2.4 m/s. A comparison with observations of eastern spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) is presented, showing savings of up to 60% in the thrust that calves require if they are to keep up with their mothers.
- 17. Conclusions A theoretical analysis, backed by observations of free- swimming dolphin schools, indicates that hydrodynamic interactions with mothers play an important role in enabling dolphin calves to keep up with rapidly moving adult school members
- 21. A specification (often abbreviated as spec) is an explicit set of requirements to be satisfied by a material, product, or service. Exact statement of the particular needs to be satisfied, or essential characteristics that a customer requires (in a good, material, method, process , service, system, or work) and which a vendor must deliver. Specifications are written usually in a manner that enables both parties (and/or an independent certifier) to measure the degree of conformance.
- 25. A brochure (also referred to as a pamphlet) is a type of leaflet. Brochures are advertising pieces mainly used to introduce a company or organization, and inform about products and/or services to a target audience. Brochures are distributed by mail, handed personally or placed in brochure racks.
- 26. Proposal is a written offer to solve a particular problem or need.
- 27. Business letter is a form of written communication used to transact business which cannot be conveniently conducted orally.
- 28. A graphic aid a text feature that helps the reader better understand the text visually. Such as tables, charts, timelines, captions, etc.
- 29. Wholistic Guide to TechnicalWriting ( Zall, 1980) Accuracy Brevity Confidence Dignity Emphasis Facility Grammatical Correctness Honesty Illustration
- 32. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF TECHNICAL WRITING ( MILLS AND WALTER) 1. Technical Writing is written for specific person or group of people, real or imaginary, and they assumed to be intelligent but uninformed. 2. Technical Writing is written for a purpose. All words should contribute to the intended purpose. 3. Technical writing uses simple, concrete and familiar language 4. Technical writing follows the “principle of first’. 5. Technical Writing must be presentable and attractive.
- 33. Use of Language in Technical Writing Friendly Words: Goodwill over Indifference Indifference: In reference to your request for our electrical bid on Project A… Goodwill: Thank you for asking Roberts Electric to submit a bid for the electrical work for Project A. we will be happy to…
- 34. Indifference: As a dental care provider, it is important that your team keeps on schedule. Goodwill: As a provider of quality dental care, I know that it is important to you that your team keeps on schedule.
- 35. Indifference: Attach your comments soon as you can, so we can get started. Goodwill: I look forward to receiving your comment, so we can get started
- 36. Precision in the use of Words ability/ capacity filtrate/ filter adjacent/ contiguous indicated/ required advise/ tell/ inform infer/ imply affect/ effect liable/ likely alternative/ choice maximum/optimum among/ between oral/ verbal percent/ percentage apparent/ obvious/ evident perfect/ unique appreciate/understand practical/ practicable assume/ presume
- 37. assure/ insure principle/ principal balance/ remainder proportion/ part bimonthly/ semimonthly reaction/ opinion conclude/ decide replace/ reinstall deteriorate/ degenerate target/ objective theory/ idea/ view/ opinion encounter/ experience essentially/ basically universally/ generally few/less
- 38. A large number/part Many/most A number of Some A variety of Many, Different Absolutely essential Essential Accede to Agree to, Allow Accentuate Stress Accorded Given Acquiesce Agree Additional Added, More, Other
- 39. Address Discuss Adequate enough Enough Adjacent to Next to Advantageous Helpful, Useful Adversely impact on Hurt, Set back Afford an opportunity Allow, Let Aggregate Total, Sum Alleviate Ease, Reduce Appraise Tell, Inform As a consequence of Because As a means of To
- 40. Ascertain Find out, Learn At present Now At the present time Now At this point in time Now
- 41. Special Techniques of Technical Writing Definition Description of Mechanism Description of a Process Classification and Partition Interpretation
- 42. DEFINITION It is giving meaning or explanation to a word or thing. Words or “terms” are just symbols for real things. The thing which the word or terms refer to is call “referent”.
- 43. Categories of Words (Mills and Walter) 1.Familiar words for familiar things 2.Familiar words for unfamiliar things 3.Unfamiliar words for familiar things 4.Unfamiliar words for unfamiliar things
- 44. Familiar words for familiar things These are words both known by the reader and the writer. Example: chalk shirt shoes noodles
- 45. Familiar words for unfamiliar things Words that seem to be familiar but when technical people use , they may have different meaning. Mouse cheater Dirty Christmas tree Apron lake balloon
- 46. Unfamiliar words for familiar things Monosodium glutamate Offy (off-license) Analgesic Mackintosh Sodium Chloride Aubergine dimethyl ketone; 2-propanone carbon crystal Braces aluminum potassium sulfate torch
- 47. Unfamiliar words for unfamiliar things Encephalopathy Recrudescence postpartum aneurysm Varicella A la Carte Ad hoc Blatherskite
- 48. Callipygian - Having well-shaped beautiful buttocks. This fascinating obscure term. The word came into English in the late 1700s from Greek, kallipugos, which was used to describe a statue of Venus , from kallos meaning beauty, and puge, meaning buttocks. Kallos is also a root of the word calligraphy (decorative handwriting/lettering), and callisthenics (graceful gymnastics).
- 49. Methods of Definition Informal Formal Sentence Definition Amplified Definition a. further definition b. concrete examples and instances c. comparison and contrast d. word derivation
- 50. e. negative statement f. physical description g. analysis h. basic principle I. cause and effect j. location
- 51. Description of Mechanism - introduction - part- by- part description - conclusion
- 52. Description of Mechanism I. Introduction A. What the mechanisms B. Purpose C. General Appearance D. Division into principal parts II. Part-by-part Description A. part number one 1. what the part is 2. purpose 3. appearance ( including comparison) 4. division into subparts
- 53. a. subpart number one (1) what the subpart is (2) purpose (3) appearance including comparison (4) detailed description (a) shape (b) size (c) relationship to other parts (d) methods of attachment (e) material b, c … III. Brief description of mechanism in operation
- 54. Description of a Process I. Introduction II. Equipment and Materials III.Step-by-step Description of the Action IV.Conclusion
- 55. Classification and Partition Classification - act of locating a specimen of all of the different kinds of objects which possess a given characteristic/s. Partition - division of unit into its components Interpretation This is the art of establishing meaningful pattern of relationship among group of facts.