Unit 5, BASICS OF TECHINICAL ENGLISH CODE 6465
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This document outlines the technical writing process. It discusses establishing objectives and identifying readers before writing. Key steps include outlining the format, writing a rough draft, and revising. The document also covers organizing writing through different methods like general to specific development. Technical writing requires determining scope, performing research, and developing an outline to structure ideas. Writers should strive for active voice and simplify language for clarity. The goal is to effectively communicate information to readers through a process.
Unit 5, BASICS OF TECHINICAL ENGLISH CODE 6465
- 1. UNIT NO.5 TECHNICAL WRITING PROCESS PRESENTED BY ZAHID MEHMOOD PH D SCHOLAR NAROWAL
- 2. OBJECTIVES After going through this unit, you will be able to: Outline the format write the rough draft revise the draft organize and develop the writing discuss before writing techniques.
- 3. THINK AND PREPARE BEFORE WRITE Establish your writing objective. Identify your readers. Determine the scope of your writing project. Perform the necessary research.
- 4. IDENTIFY READERS • READERS NEED • READERS KNOWLEDGE • USE OF JARGON • USE OF TERMINOLOGY Are Your Primary Readers Technical? Are Your Primary Readers Managerial? Are Your Readers Primarily General-interest Readers?
- 5. DETERMINE THE SCOPE OF THE WRITING Research The following are typical examples of primary research: Experiments Mail questionnaires Personal interviews Telephone interviews Personal observation/experience
- 6. THE FOLLOWING ARE TYPICAL EXAMPLES OF SECONDARY RESEARCH: Books Periodicals Newspapers Government documents Industrial and trade directories Published results of experiments
- 7. ORGANIZING AND DEVELOPING YOUR WRITING • GENERAL TO SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENT • SPECIFIC TO GENERAL DEVELOPMENT • CHRONOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
- 8. SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT This development method relates to the position and space that physical elements occupy. This type of development is crucial in the description of mechanisms and how their parts interrelate and operate. • SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT IN TECHNICAL WRITING It forces parallel structure of your ideas. It allows for easy evaluation of your organization and development. It shows you completeness. It saves you time.
- 9. THE VALUE OF OUTLINING AN OUTLINE HAS MUCH THE SAME USE TO THE TECHNICAL WRITER THAT A MAP HAS TO THE SERIOUS TRAVELER Outlining Forces Parallel Structure Of Your Ideas Outlining Shows You Completeness Outlining Saves You Time Outline Formats Simple list for all brief and simple written communications, such as memos and brief letters
- 10. ACADEMIC OUTLINE ACADEMIC OUTLINE IS ONE OF TWO TYPES OF FORMAL OUTLINE FORMATS. THIS PARTICULAR TYPE IS CALLED "ACADEMIC" MAINLY BECAUSE IT IS THE KIND OF OUTLINE FORMAT MOST COMMONLY TAUGHT IN HIGH SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. IT USES A COMBINATION OF ROMAN NUMERALS, ARABIC NUMERALS, AND UPPERCASE AND LOWERCASE ENGLISH LETTERS. Engineering outline The engineering outline is also frequently referred to as a decimal outline because of the decimal points that separate each entry.
- 11. THE THREE BASIC OUTLINE STYLES Topical Outline A topical outline uses only topic headings or short phrases for each outline entry. Sentence Outline A sentence outline has each entry in the form of a complete sentence. Paragraph Outline The paragraph outline has all the main entries summarized with a complete paragraph
- 12. THE ROUGH DRAFT THE FIRST DRAFT YOU WRITE IS THE ROUGH DRAFT. THIS IS THE ONLY DRAFT THAT YOU WRITE WITHOUT THE HELP OF REVISION. How to Write a Rough Draft The only thing you are striving to do at this point is to turn the outline into prose Speed is essential. Don't labor over the writing Don't stop to correct The Rough Draft Cures Writer's Block Revision
- 13. ACTIVATE THE LANGUAGE ACTIVE, LIVELY WRITING IS AT THE CORE OF INTEREST AND UNDERSTANDING. THE CENTRAL ELEMENT TO ACTIVE WRITTEN LANGUAGE IS YOUR USE OF VERBS. IN TECHNICAL WRITING, YOUR VERBS MUST SHOW ACTION AND LIFE There are two main elements involved in activating language: Check active voice and passive voice. Activate suppressed verbs. Clarify the Writing Decide on personal versus impersonal reference Determine whether jargon is helpful. Change abstract words to concrete words. Eliminate affected language. Replace clichés and trite language. Correct misplaced modifiers.
- 14. SIMPLIFY THE WRITING Keep down sentence length. Keep down word length. Eliminate needless words. Simplify positive and negative constructions Eliminate Needless Words
- 15. THE FINAL DRAFT There are five basic steps that you must always take to ensure the attractiveness and sense of professionalism your technical writing deserves: Allow for generous use of white space. Use topic heads often. Use listing. Use illustrations effectively. Include adequate appendixes.
- 16. CONCLUSION Technical writing process helps in effective communication between writer and reader. For this purpose there is a need to create a document that is appropriate and helpful. Such document facilitates the audience to find that they need. They are able to understand what they find. On the basis of that understanding they can use it properly. In order to achieve these objectives, one has to follow a process that has been discussed in this unit
- 17. ANY QUESTIONS