Lecture #3-DOME STRUCTURES.pdf for students
- 1. DOME STRUCTURE PRESENTED BY :AR. KARAMAT SUBHANI DECEMBER 2023
- 2. INTRODUCTION A dome is a type of a roof structure that looks like a half of a sphere. People have been building domes for thousands and thousands of years. Think of the igloos built by the Inuit people, and the wigwams built by the Ojibwa. They, too, are domed structures. Domed buildings are everywhere. They can be churches, mosques, synagogues, sports arenas, government buildings or dwellings. Native American Wigwam
- 4. FORMATION OF DOME (Continue)
- 5. FORMATION OF DOME (Continue)
- 6. FORMATION OF DOME (Continue)
- 7. FORMATION OF DOME (Continue)
- 8. FORMATION OF DOME (Continue)
- 9. FORCES ACTING ON DOME The unseen forces of nature are holding the domes in place. Although you can’t see them, the normal force, along with the Forces of gravity, compression, and tension, are acting against one another to hold the domes in place. Compression forces are two forces which act on one object by moving in opposite directions toward each other. Imagine pressing or pushing the palms of your hands together. This is the compression force. Tension forces are two forces which act on one object by moving in opposite directions away from each other. Imagine clasping the curled fingertips of both of your hands together and pulling. This is the tension force. The force of gravity pushes downward on an object. And the Normal force pushes in the opposite direction, upward.
- 10. FORCES ACTING ON DOME (Continue) COMPRESSION FORCE
- 11. FORCES ACTING ON DOME (Continue) TENTION FORCE COMPRESSION FORCE
- 12. FORCES ACTING ON DOME (Continue) COMPRESSION FORCE
- 13. FORCES ACTING ON DOME (Continue) TENTION FORCE COMPRESSION FORCE
- 14. ELEMENTS OF DOMES 1. CUPOLA 2. APEX OR CROWN 3. COFFER 4. ROTUNDA 5. DRUMS OR THOLOBATES 6. LANTERN" 7. OCULUS 8. SQUINCHES 9. PENDENTIVES 10.WHISPERING GALLERY
- 15. ELEMENTS OF DOMES (Continue)
- 16. ELEMENTS OF DOMES (LANTERN) LANTERN is the small cupola-like structure, usually with decorative arcades, mounted on top of a dome. Its function is to admit light to the interior, it is essentially a proportional element in the visual design.
- 17. ELEMENTS OF DOMES (PENDENTIVES & SQUINCH) PENDENTIVES: A curved triangle that connect the space between the arches and walls SQUINCH: A small arch on the inside corner of the square base to connect the dome to the base and transfer its load to the corners.
- 18. ELEMENTS OF DOMES (COFFER) COFFER, in architecture, a square or polygonal ornamental sunken panel used in a series as decoration for a ceiling of dome.
- 19. ELEMENTS OF DOMES (OCULUS) An OCULUS is a circular opening in the center of a dome or in a wall. Originating in antiquity, it is a feature of Byzantine and Neoclassical architecture. It is also known as an œil-de- boeuf from the French, or simply a "bull's-eye".
- 20. ELEMENTS OF DOMES (ROTUNDA) A ROTUNDA is any roofed building with a circular ground plan, and sometimes covered by a dome. It may also refer to a round room within a building. The Pantheon, Rome is the most famous and influential rotunda
- 21. ELEMENTS OF DOMES (Continue)
- 22. ELEMENTS OF DOMES (whispering gallery)
- 23. TYPES OF DOMES 1. Beehive dome 2. Cloister vault 3. Compound dome 4. Crossed-arch dome 5. Geodesic dome 6. Hemispherical dome 7. Onion dome 8. Oval dome 9. Parabolic dome 10.Sail dome 11.Saucer dome 12.Umbrella dome
- 24. BEEHIVE DOME(corbelled dome) They consist of horizontal layers.Each is slightly corbelled toward the center as the layers get higher until they meet in the center. Mycenaean Treasury of Atreus from the late Bronze Age.
- 25. CLOISTER VAULT The horizontal cross section is a polygonal. The Renaissance octagonal dome of Filippo Brunelleschi over the Florence Cathedral.
- 26. COMPOUND DOME they have pendentives that support a smaller diameter dome above them.
- 27. CROSSED-ARCH DOME (RIBBED VAULT) Rather than meeting in the center of the dome, the ribs characteristically intersect one another off-center, forming an empty polygonal space in the center. The Great Mosque of Córdoba
- 28. GEODESIC DOME Geodesic domes are the upper portion of geodesic spheres. They are composed of a framework of triangles in a polyhedron pattern. The structures are based upon octahedrons or tetrahedrons. Such domes can be created using a limited number of simple elements and joints and efficiently resolve a domes internal forces.
- 29. TYPES OF DOMES: Hemispherical dome •Half of a sphere DOME OF THE ROCK
- 30. TYPES OF DOMES :Onion dome The profile is greater than the hemisphere An onion dome is a greater than hemispherical dome with a pointed top in an ogee profile. Saint Basil's Cathedral
- 31. TYPES OF DOMES :Oval dome •Oval shape in plan, profile, or both. •The earliest oval domes were used in corbelled stone huts as rounded but geometrically undefined coverings •The first examples in Asia Minor to around 4000 B.C.T
- 32. TYPES OF DOMES : Parabolic dome Its bending stress due to the uniformly distributed load of its dead load is zero. It was widely used in buildings in ancient times, before the advent of composite structures.
- 33. TYPES OF DOM : Saucer dome •These have profiles of less than a half circle. •very shallow. •Its radius of curvature of the dome is very large compared with its rise.
- 34. TYPES OF DOMES : Umbrella dome The bases are divided into curved segments, which follow the curve of the elevation. Exteriorly Fluted, such as was common in Mamluk Egypt. The "ribs" of a dome are the radial lines of masonry that extend from the crown down to the springing. The central dome of the Hagia Sophia uses the ribbed method, which accommodates a ring of windows between the ribs at the base of the dome. Hagia Sophia
- 35. MATH OF DOMES The diameter is the distance across a circle through its center point. If you know the diameter of a circle, then you can calculate the radius, the circumference, and the area of a circle. The radius of a circle is the distance from its center to any point along its edge. It’s easy to find the center of the Chinese Rotunda. Just look for the 49- pound crystal ball! The circumference of a circle is the distance around it. It is the circle’s perimeter. The area of a circle is the number of square units it would take to fill the circle.
- 36. MONTREAL DOME ,CANADA Location Quebec, Canada Date of Completion 1967 Architect Buckminster Fuller Purpose Environmental & Entertaining Shape Spherical Span 76 m Height 62 m Structure & Materials Steel truss of triangular & hexagonal units covered by acrylic cells Light Very lit & transparent Concept Creating a space with controlled temperature and climate
- 37. REICHSTAG DOME ,BERLIN Location Berlin, Germany Date of Completion 1999 Architect Norman Foster Purpose Political, Symbolical, & Environmental Shape Semicircular Span 40 m Height 23 m Structure & Materials 24 metal rips with glass and photovoltaic cladding Light controlled indirect sunlight Concept Calling for reunification of Germany
- 38. MILLENNIUM DOME Location London, England Date of Completion 1999 Architect Richard Rogers Purpose Entertaining, Athletic, & Ceremonial Shape Large Saucer Span 365 m Height 52 m Structure & Materials PTFE canopy suspended from 12 steel masts by cables Light indirect sunlight Concept Celebrating the third millennium by gathering activities in one enclosure
- 39. SONY CENTER DOME Location Berlin, Germany Date of Completion 2000 Architect Helmut Jahn Purpose Entertaining & Commercial Shape Scaly flower Span 102 m Height 67 m from ground floor Structure & Materials Tensile structure , kinetic teflon sails & glass units Light controlled indirect sunlight Concept Creating virtual city of Berlin
- 40. EDEN PROJECT DOMES Location Cornwall, UK Date of Completion 2001 Architect Nicholas Grimshaw Purpose Scientific, Environmental, & Experimental Shape Clusters of spheres Span 200 m & 135 m Height 55 m & 35 m Structure & Materials Steel frame & ETFE Thermoplastics panels Light Very lit & transparent Concept Two mega enclosures saving species