Lecture 5

Information & Communication
Technology (ICT)
Introduction To Computer Hardware
DIT Part 1
Lecture 5
Copyrights By Tanveer Malik

Computer
• A computer is a device that can be instructed
to carry out arbitrary sequences of arithmetic
or logical operations automatically.
• The ability of computers to follow generalized
sets of operations, called programs, enables
them to perform an extremely wide range of
tasks.

TYPES OF COMPUTER
1. PERSONAL COMPUTER
2. MAINFRAME COMPUTER
3. MINICOMPUTER
4. SUPER COMPUTER

PERSONAL COMPUTER
• The most common types of computer is personal computer- a
personal computer that is designed to sit on a desk or table.
• These are the systems you see all around you, in school,
homes, and office.
• Today’s personal computers are more powerful than those of
just a few year’s ago.
• Not only do these machine enable people to do their jobs
with greater ease and efficient, but they can be used to
communicate, produce music, edit photographs and videos,
etc. the main components of the personal computer is the
system units.

MAINFRAME COMPUTER
• Mainframe computer are used in large organizations such as
insurance companies and banks, where many people
frequently need to use the same data.
• In a traditional mainframe environment, each user accesses
the mainframe’s resources through a device called a terminal.
• There are two types of terminals.
• A dumb terminal does not process or store data; it is simply
an input/output device that functions as a window into a
computer located somewhere else.
• An intelligent terminal can perform some processing
operations, but it usually does not have any storage.
• In some mainframe environments, however, workers can use
a standard personal computer to access the mainframe.

MINICOMPUTER
• First released in the 1960s, minicomputers got
their name because of their small size
compared to other computer of the day.
• The capabilities of a minicomputer are
somewhere between those of mainframe and
personal computers.
• For this reason minicomputers are often called
midrange computers.

SUPERCOMPUTER
• Supercomputers are the most powerful
computers made, and physically they are
some of the largest.
• These systems can process huge amounts of
data, and the fastest supercomputers can
perform more than one trillion calculations
per second.

PARTS OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM
• A complete computer system consists of mainly four parts.
1. Hardware (The computer)
2. Software (Programs)
3. Data (Information)
4. User (People)
Hardware:
• The mechanical devices that make up the computer are
called Hardware.
• A computer’s hardware consists of interconnected electronic
devices that you can use to control the computer’s operation,
input, and output.

Software:
• Software is a set of instructions that makes the computer
perform tasks.
• In other words we can say that, software tells the
computer what to do.
• Here the program refers to any piece of software
Data:
• Data consist of individual facts or pieces of information
that by themselves may not make much sense to a
person.
• A computer primary job is to process these tiny pieces of
data in various ways, converting them into useful
information

MAINFRAME COMPUTER
Users:
• Peoples are the computer operators, also known as users.
One can argue that some computer systems are complete
without a person’s involvement; however no computer is
totally autonomous.
• Even if a computer can do its job without a person sitting in
front of it, people still design, build, program, and repair
computer system

Lecture 5

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Lecture 5