Lecture 5 Fire Alarm System.pdf

Planning and Implementing Communications Systems in
Residential and Non-Residential Buildings
Dr. Abdelhay Ali

References
Textbooks
1- Low Current Systems for Electrical Power Engineers by prof. Mahmoud Gilany
2- Light Current Systems Guide by Dr. Abd Almonem Shaban
3- Low-Current Systems Engineer'S Technical Handbook , A Guide to Design and
Supervision" by Habbieb Mansour.
Online classes at other schools
Light Current Course 2021 Level#3
3

Outline
1. More about sensors
2. Alarms
3. Modules
4. Fire Alarm Control Panel
5. Fire Alarm Repeater Panel
4

Outline
2. Alarms
3. Modules
5

More about sensors
11
Manual Break Glass
Also called the call points. Call PointIf a person sees the fire
before hearing the alarm, he presses the call unit so that the
siren goes off to warn of the presence of a fire.

More about sensors
12
Manual Break Glass

More about sensors
13
Manual Break Glass

Outline
2. Alarms
3. Modules
14

Alarms
15
An audible or light alarm was issued when a fire occurred in order to evacuate the area where the
fire appeared in preparation for extinguishing the fire. There are different types and methods of
alarms such as bells, sirens, flash lights and loudspeakers
A- Bells
B- siren
C- Flash or Strobe Light
D- Speaker
Optical warning devices are used, which give
intermittent light in high-noise places and places
where there are deaf people, as well as in hospitals as
an additional warning method.

Outline
2. Alarms
3. Modules
16

Modules
17
They are units that manage and control some operations such as the Control Module, Auto Dialer,
Door Holder, Monitor Module, and
A- Control Module
It is used to control stopping or starting some operations during a fire, as it transmits a signal from
the FACP main control panel to the device to be stopped or started during a fire, such as: -
- Turn off the elevators.
- Close some electrical panels
- Operating the Smoke Exhaust Fan
- Turn off the Fresh Air Fan because it helps to increase the fire

Modules
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B- Monitor Module (M.M)
The Monitor Module is an addressable unit used to monitor unaddressed units and can be used
In addressing traditional systems to give it a title and thus can be combined in addressing systems
as shown in the following figure

Modules
19
C- Door Holder
It is placed behind the escape doors so that it works to hold the door after the first person opens it
when he escapes so as to ensure that the door is not answered or closed again in the faces of those
fleeing from the fire

Modules
20
D- Auto Dialer
It is a communication device that contains a set of numbers to call the fire, ambulance and
security services in the building.

Outline
2. Alarms
3. Modules
21

Fire Alarm Control Panel
22
The FACP controls the system, supplies it with the necessary voltage, and monitors its work, as
the signal from the detectors reaches it, and it operates the bells, sirens and indicator lights.
- It operates on a voltage of 220V-50Hz and is equipped with backup batteries that operate
automatically in the event of a power outage for a period of not less than 24 hours, and it has a
device that charges the batteries when the power returns.
- It is equipped with the possibility of self-testing and gives an audio warning signal in the event
of a failure in the panel or in any part of the system components, or in the event of a power
outage or disconnection of the batteries.
- Equipped with a key to give a general warning to evacuate the place.
- Manual control to check and stop devices, fire signals, turn off alarms, and restart the system
again.
- It can disable the closed door control system.

23
- The FACP fire panel is placed in the security room, if any, or
the light current room, or in any visible place for easy detection
of the locationof the fire.
- It can disable the Fresh Air Fans, as well as the electric
elevatorsby giving a signal to the. Control Module
- The fire panel operates the Smoke Exhaust Fan as well as the
fire pumps

25
Types of FACP
A-Conventional type
B- Addressable type
C- Wireless Fire Alarm System

26
A- conventional FACP
It is an early warning system against fire that depends on a group of reagents connected to each
other on a specific area (Radial System) and gives a warning on this area through which the security
men move in this area and detect the location of the fire.
- Detectors are connected to circuits, as well as alarm devices to other circuits, as shown in the
following figure, noting that the number of detectors in a single circuit, the zone, should not exceed
the number stipulated according to the manufacturer of fire panels. For example, the maximum
number of reagents in the 32 zones is a detector according to Cooper, and also up to 30 detectors,
according to Menvier.
- In the traditional control system, each group of conventional fire detectors is connected to a
separate electrical circuit called the Zone to monitor a specific area so that any detector from the
group sends a signal to the control panel to warn of a fire without specifying the number or address
of the detector that sensed the fire

27

28
This system is used in buildings and small establishments and is characterized by a
relatively lower cost. It is also used in less important areas because when a
malfunction occurs in one of the detectors, all the detectors after it are out of
service because it is an open loop (Open Loop).
-

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-

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B- Addressable type
- This system depends in its work on connecting a group of detectors with each
other on a closed circuit (Closed Loop), so that each sensor or detector takes
the numbers and names of the places in which it is located. Addressed control
panel Knowing the location of the fire In contrast to the traditional control
panel, all alarms operate.
- Detectors and alarms, as well as monitoring and control units, can be
connected to the same Loop circuit so that it does not exceed the maximum
number of points in the circuit, which varies from one company to another and
may reach 200 devices in some companies -

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B- Addressable type

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B- Addressable type

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C- Wireless Fire Alarm System
It is an early warning system against a fire of the wireless type. It is used in the event that there are
no pipes and cables, as in the case of old buildings or ancient buildings, in which any cracking is
prohibited to lay cables or pipes, and it depends on a certain number of sensors.

Outline
2. Alarms
3. Modules
34

Fire Alarm Repeater Panel
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This panel is used in the addressing system when there is a place far from the main panel and we
want to control the alarm system in this place or monitor it from close and this distance may reach
2000 m.
The Repeater Panel is placed in this place and linked to the main panel, thus dealing with the fire
alarm system in this area through the Repeater Panel, knowing that the main panel is aware of what
is happening, but not in detail.

Lecture 5 Fire Alarm System.pdf

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Lecture 5 Fire Alarm System.pdf