Lecture 9 (2)
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This document discusses the anatomy of bones in the foot, including the tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges. It describes the features and articulations of the navicular, cuboid, and cuneiform bones. The navicular is boat-shaped and articulates with the talus and three cuneiform bones. The cuboid articulates with the calcaneus, third cuneiform, and fourth and fifth metatarsals. There are three cuneiform bones - medial, intermediate, and lateral. Applied anatomy discusses conditions like metatarsalgia, hammer toe, and fractures of the fifth metatarsal.
Lecture 9 (2)
- 1. LECTURE 9: NAVICULAR, CUBOID AND CUNEIFORM BONES external features and attachments Dr. EIMAAN SUMAYYAH DPT (IPMR-KMU) MS NEUROLOGY (KMU)
- 3. • There are seven tarsal bones. Proximal row is formed by talus above, and the calcaneus below. The distal row contains, from medial to lateral side, medial cuneiform, the intermediate cuneiform, the lateral cuneiform and the cuboid. • Navicular is interposed between the talus and the three cuneiform bones. In other words it is interposed between the proximal and distal rows.
- 4. CUBOID • The cuboid is the lateral most bone of the distal row. It is situated in front of the calcaneum and behind the 4th and 5th metatarsal bones. It has six surfaces. • It is cuboidal in shape but has a broader base oriented medially
- 7. Structure of Cuboid Bone • dorsal surface • plantar surface • lateral surface
- 8. • medial surface • The proximal or posterior surface is concavoconvex for articulation with the anterior surface of calcaneum. • distal surface
- 9. Articulations: • The cuboid articulates with: • Calcaneus • Third cuneiform • Fourth metatarsal • Fifth metatarsal. It occasionally articulates with a fifth, the navicular.
- 10. Navicular • The navicular bone is boat-shaped. It is situated on the medial side of the foot, in front of the head of the talus, and behind the three cuneiform bones. • It forms the uppermost portion of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot and acts as a keystone of the arch. • The navicular bone has 6 surfaces.
- 11. • The posterior or proximal navicular surface is oval, concave, broader laterally than medially, and articulates with the rounded head of the talus. • The medial surface has a blunt and prominent tuberosity. • The anterior surface is convex, and is divided into 3 facets for the three cuneiform bones. • The dorsal surface is convex from side to side, and rough for the attachment of ligaments • The plantar surface is irregular, and also rough for the attachment of ligaments. • The lateral surface is rough and irregular for the attachment of ligaments and occasionally presents a small facet for articulation with the cuboid bone.
- 12. Articulations of Navicular • The navicular articulates with 4 bones: the talus and the 3 cuneiforms. Sometimes, a fifth articulation for the cuboid is also present.
- 13. Cuneiform Bones • There are three cuneiform bones, medial, intermediate or middle and lateral. • The medial cuneiform is the largest and the intermediate or middle cuneiform, the smallest.
- 16. Medial Cuneiform • It is the largest cuneiform bone. It is situated at the medial side of the foot, between the navicular behind and the base of the first metatarsal in front.
- 17. • The first cuneiform articulates with • Navicular • Second cuneiform • First metatarsal • Second metatarsal.
- 18. Middle Cuneiform • It is smallest of three cuneiforms. • Situated between the other two cuneiforms, it articulates with the navicular behind and the second metatarsal in front.
- 19. • The medial cuneiform articulates with • Navicular • First cuneiform • Third cuneiform • Second metatarsal.
- 20. Lateral Cuneiform • The third cuneiform articulates with • Navicular • Intermdiate or middle cuneiform • Cuboid • Second, third, and fourth metatarsals.
- 21. Metatarsal Bones or Metatarsus • There are five metatarsal bones in the foot which are numbered from medial to lateral side.
- 22. Common Features of Metatarsal Bones • Each metatarsal bone is a miniature long bone and has following parts • Base • Base is the proximal end of metatarsal bone and articulates with tarsal bones.
- 23. • Shaft • The shafts of metatarsal bones give origin to interossei. • Head • Head is the distal end of the metatarsal or distal end. It is flattened from side to side. Head of each metatarsal articulates with respective phalanx to form metatarsophalangeal joint.
- 24. Anatomy of Phalanges • There are 14 phalanges in each foot; 2 for the great toe and three for each of the other toes. As compared to the phalanges of the hand, these are much smaller in size, and the shafts particularly.
- 26. APPLIED ANATOMY • Metatarsalgia: • Metatarsalgia is a common overuse injury. The term describes pain and inflammation in the ball of the foot. It is often thought of as a symptom of other conditions, rather than as a specific disease. • The primary symptom of metatarsalgia is pain at the end of one or more of the metatarsal bones. The pain is typically aggravated when walking or running. Athletes who participate in high-impact activities and may also have an inflammatory condition such as bursitis often have diffuse forefoot and midfoot pain.
- 27. • HAMMER TOE: • A hammer toe is a deformity that causes your toe to bend or curl downward instead of pointing forward. This deformity can affect any toe on your foot. It most often affects the second or third toe. Although a hammer toe may be present at birth, it usually develops over time due to wearing ill-fitting shoes, such as tight, pointed heels, or arthritis. In most cases, a hammer toe condition is treatable.
- 29. • 5th metatarsal fracture • Hallux valgus • Hallux varus • Calcaneovarus • Calcaneovalgus • Calcaneal spur
- 30. HLLAUX VALGUS
- 31. HALLUX VARUS
- 32. HEEL SPUR
- 33. HEEL SPUR