Lecture Notes on the Maharlika Period.pdf
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The document discusses the historical social structure of lowland Filipinos during the pre-Hispanic era, emphasizing the civilized nature of Philippine society before colonization. It outlines various social classes, including the maginoo, datu, timawa, and maharlika, each with distinct roles and responsibilities, while also describing the concept of alipin, which differs from traditional slavery. The text highlights the complexities of allegiance and social mobility among these classes and the evolution of societal norms over time.
Lecture Notes on the Maharlika Period.pdf
- 1. Readings in the Philippine History August 24, 2023 The Maharlika Period - The notion of the term maharlika began in the time of President Marcos Sr. Social Structure of the Lowland Filipinos (Pre-hispanic Era) - Only those lowland people were conquered - Only Luzon, Visayas, and Zamboaga were colonized - Cordillera Administrative Region, and Bangsamoro Administrative Region in Muslim Mindanao remains of their roots, and were not colonized Ancient Class System - Prior than colonization, Philippines is civilized - Class system is evidence of prior civilization A) Maginoo - top of Tagalog Society - men and women of this class were generally referred to with the respectful title of ginoo - honorific title which belongs to the top of social class - terms like Gat, or lord, the dayang, or lady, preceded the given name B) Panginoon - wealthy maginoo who owned much property and valuable land - was addressed with shortened honorific term, poon - poon survives as the term of respect, "po" C) Datu - a maginoo who had followers - rule beyond his immediate household and other whole communities - used in Visayas and Luzon - datu with power over a large area held the title Lakan or Rajah, a Hindu word brought from Malaysia - Rajah Solayman (Tondo), Lapu-Lapu (Mactan), and Datu Puti (Visayas) belong to this. D) Timawa - free commoners of Luzon and Visayas - could own their own land and who did not have to pay a regular tribute to a maginoo
- 2. Readings in the Philippine History August 24, 2023 - free to change their allegiance to another datu if they moved into another datu if they married into another community or if they decided to move - Tabuco and naga were once different communities, tabuco comes from tabuc which resembles the blade of the roaster. While naga pertains to the abundance of Narra trees E) Maharlika - those members of Tagalog warrior class - had the same rights and responsibilities as the Timawa - in times of war they were bond to serve their datu in battle - had to arm themselves at their own expense, but they don't get to keep the loot they won or stole (loot means the goods being retrieved from the war losers) - feudal warrior class in ancient Tagalog society in Luzon - translated in Spanish as hidalgos (freeman, libres, or freedman) - lower mobility similar ro Timawa of visayas - modern Filipino means "royal mobility" which was actually restricted to the hereditary maginoo class F) Alipin - a debtor during the Spanish Period - they could be born alipins, inheriting their parent's debt, and their obligations could be transferred from one master to another - it was possible for them to buy their freedom - they can pay by (a) money/in kind, and (b) service - types of services can be in a form of (a) aliping sa gigilid, and (b) aliping namamahay - person in extreme poverty might even want to become an alipin voluntarily - Filipinos, therefore, have no notion of slavery or the idea of owing your people. A) Aliping namamahay - house-holding alipin - what we call a serf in English (tenant) - usually an alipin who had received a piece of land from his maginoo or master - in return, he was required to had over a portion of what the land produced as to tribute and to occasionally work on his master's land
- 3. Readings in the Philippine History August 24, 2023 B) Aliping sa gigilid - something in periphery - pre-colonial times, gilid was the area behind and below the house where the toilet was located - maid in the house - alipins were single men and women who worked in their master's homes, tending the gilid, among other chores