Lecture on policy aspects of MSFD 20120912
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Anouk van der Zande Email: anouk.vanderzande@wur.nl Phone: +31 317 487849
Lecture on policy aspects of MSFD 20120912
- 1. Policy aspects of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) Martin Pastoors HKZ17, 12 September 2012
- 2. Marine Strategy Framework Directive is going to come
- 3. MSFD is a complex policy
- 4. Understanding policy aspects & institutional ambiguity
- 5. Three topics Marine Policy in Europe Context of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive Regional approaches and coordination
- 6. Marine Policy in Europa
- 7. European Institutions Council of European Ministers Parliament European Court of Commission Justice
- 8. Council of Ministers: (co-) decides on legislation
- 9. European parliament (EP): co-legislator, control function 736 members from 27 countries (2014: 751 members) 8 political delegations
- 10. Court of Justice: Legal ruling over EU laws
- 11. European Commission (EC) • Proposals for legal acts • Implementing EU policy and laws • Representing EU
- 12. EC directorates related to the sea
- 14. Regional Global Conventions treaties DGs DGs DGs European European European Court of Council Commission Parliament Justice Committees NGOs Member States Research Sectors (industry) Regions
- 15. Marine policy domains Integrated Common Maritime Policy Fisheries Policy (IMP) (CFP) Marine Strategy Framework Natura2000 Directive (MSFD) Water Labour Spatial Framework Transport Energy Regions conditions planning Directive
- 16. Integrated Maritime Policy (IMP) • DG MARE „Communication‟ • Vision, not law • “policy framework that will allow for the optimal development of all sea-related activities in a sustainable manner” • Action: marine spatial planning, coordinating research, ... • No direct effects on Member States
- 17. Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) • DG MARE „Regulation‟ • EU competentence • GVB 1982, 1992, 2002, 2012 (?) • Aim: sustainable fisheries • Member States implement EU policy • Pillars – Conservation – Structure – Market – International
- 18. „Regional approach‟: Regional Advisory Councils (RACs)
- 19. Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) Kaderrichtlijn Mariene Strategie (KRM) • DG ENV „Directive‟ • Aim for 2020: – Good Environmental Status (GES) • Member States need to develop regulations • Regional coordiantion • 11 descriptors (themes) with indicators • Measures via other policy domains (e.g. CFP)
- 21. Natura2000 • DG ENV „Directives‟ – Bird Directive (1979) – Habitat Directive (1992) • Aim: maintain biodiversity • Member States need to develop regulations • Regional coordination ? • Method: Marine Protected Areas • Measures via other policy domains (e.g. CFP)
- 22. Overview policy domains Name Acronym Type DG Integrated Maritime Policy IMP Communication MARE Common Fisheries Policy CFP Regulation MARE Marine Strategy MSFD Directive ENV Framework Directive Natura2000 N2000 Directive ENV
- 23. Marine Governance: Game, players and rules
- 24. Playing on multiple boards... Integrated Common Maritime Fisheries Policy Policy Marine Strategy Framework Natura2000 Directive
- 26. MSFD and institutional ambiguity 1. Establishment of marine regions (who has competence and authority) 2. A framework directive vis-a-vis other (common) marine policies and directives (Member States in charge?)
- 27. Context of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive
- 28. Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) Kaderrichtlijn Mariene Strategie (KRM) • DG ENV „Directive‟ • Aim for 2020: – Good Environmental Status (GES) • Regional coordination • 11 descriptors (themes) with indicators • Member States need to develop regulations • Measures via other policy domains (e.g. CFP)
- 29. Status of the directives • MSFD – Commitment for actions • WFD (Water Framework Directive) – Commitment for results
- 30. MSFD Initial Planning Cycle
- 31. MSFD „speak‟ Good Environmental Status Environmental status of marine waters where these provide ecologically diverse and dynamic oceans and seas which are clean, healthy and productive .... Descriptor Qualitative descriptors for determining good environmental status; i.e. themes Indicator Operationalizing descriptors; things you can „measure‟ Target Target value for an indicator Measure Means to change the system and achieve targets
- 32. MSFD: what came before? 2008 2008 Request for scientific MSFD agreed advice to ICES/JRC 2010 ICES/JRC specify indicators and potential targets 2012 July 2010 National Initial EC: criteria and Assessments standards
- 33. NL Initial Assessment Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu. 2012. Ontwerp Mariene Strategie voor het Nederlandse deel van de Noordzee 2012-2020.
- 34. Stakeholder involvement • Varying involvement • Shipping, Oil&gas, Wind energy, NGOs actively involved • Fisheries and Tourism limited involvement Ounanian, K., Delaney, A., Raakjær, J., and Ramirez-Monsalve, P. 2012. On unequal footing: Stakeholder perspectives on the marine strategy framework directive as a mechanism of the ecosystem-based approach to marine management. Marine Policy, 36: 658-666.
- 35. Policy involvement • Common Implementation Strategy (CIS) – Marine Environmental Policy Makers from Member States.
- 36. MSFD = management by indicator • Science: – Defining good environmental status – Defining indicators • Policy – Selecting indicators – Getting the indicator at the right level • Stakeholders – Comment on proposals
- 37. Governance aspects of MSFD • Command-and-control policy • Regional coordination (new!) • Emphasis on ecological targets • Integration limited • Instrumental participation process (reflecting not shaping)
- 38. Regional approaches and coordination of MSFD
- 39. Baltic Sea: HELCOM • Helsinki Convention • 8 EU Member States + Russia • Baltic Sea Action Plan (2007) – Eutrophication – Biodiversity – Maritime activities – Hazardous substances
- 40. HELCOM coordination of MSFD • Strong link between Baltic Sea Action Plan and MSFD • Low institutional ambiguity
- 41. North Sea: OSPAR • 1992 Oslo Paris convention • 2010 Northeast Atlantic Environmental Strategy – Biodiversity – Eutrophication – Oil and Gas – Radiation – Integrated management
- 42. OSPAR coordination of MSFD? • OSPAR adapted to MSFD requirements • Different implementation phases in Member States • Institutional ambiguity – OSPAR vs. Member States – Who deals with what topics?
- 43. Mediterranean Sea: Barcelona convention • Many non-EU countries • 2008 Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP) – Ecosystem approach – 7 steps • No formal link to MSFD
- 44. Barcelona Convention and MSFD? • Substantial Institutional Ambiguity • Many non-EU countries • Will MAP be adapted to MSFD? • Will EU-regional coordination develop?
- 45. Black Sea: Bucharest Convention • 1992 Convention • 1996 Strategic Action Plan • 2009 new Strategic Action Plan – Ecosystem approach • No references to MSFD
- 46. Bucharest Convention and MSFD? • Many non-EU countries • Will the Convention be coordinating? • Role still needs to be decided / developed
- 47. Comparing Regional Conventions EU countries Mismatch with Institutional GES objectives Ambiguity HELCOM Majority Low Low OSPAR Majority Low Low-moderate Barcelona Minority Moderate High Bucharest minority High Moderate Van Leeuwen, J., Van Hoof, L. J. W., and Van Tatenhove, J. 2012. Institutional ambiguity in implementing the European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Marine Policy, 36: 636-643.
- 48. Summary
- 50. Marine policy domains Integrated Common Maritime Policy Fisheries Policy (IMP) (CFP) Marine Strategy Framework Natura2000 Directive (MSFD) Water Labour Spatial Framework Transport Energy Regions conditions planning Directive
- 52. Complex?
- 54. Contact phone +31 317 487 849 mobile +31 610 939 549 Email martin.pastoors@wur.nl Internet www.cmp.wur.nl Blog www.martinpastoors.nl Twitter @martinpastoors LinkedIn nl.linkedin.com/in/martinpastoors