Lecture-Slide-4.1.1-Introduction-to-Robots-Part-1.pptx

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What is Robot?
• Powered by Electricity.
• Programmed to carry out certain tasks, like
cleaning, etc.
• Senses the environment using sensors and
reacts accordingly on its own.

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Classification of Robots
• A robot can be controlled by humans, either
directly, or remotely, from a place far away.
• A robot can take decisions and work entirely
on its own; such robots are called
‘autonomous robots’.
• here also exist robots that can move from one
place to another; they are known as ‘mobile
robots’.
• There are robots, autonomous robots, mobile
robots, and then, there are autonomous
mobile robots like obstacle avoiding robots.

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Application of Robots
• Industry: For handling and moving materials.

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• Space: For exploring outer space. E.g., the
Curiosity Rover

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• Hospital: Surgical robots, réhabilitation
robots, pharmacy robots, etc.

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• Agriculture: For tasks such as vegetable and
fruit picking.

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• Military: Bomb discarding robots, drone
explorations, etc.

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• Households: For cooking, cleaning, and
washing purposes.

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• Entertainment: Humanoids, robot dogs, etc.
E.g. Aibo the robot dog.

Basic Components
of Robot - Hands
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THE ‘HANDS’
• Robot hands are known as end-effectors.
• There different types of end effectors for
different purposes.
• The most common type is a gripper. A gripper
allows the robot to hold objects, carry them,
and then release them.
• Grippers come in many sizes and styles so
that the correct ones can be used according
to the work to be done.

Basic Components
of Robot - Feet
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THE ‘FEET’
• Robots need something that will help in
moving around.
• Mobile robots move with the help of wheels
(generally, but not necessarily).
• These wheels are attached to the DC motors
(actuators) that turn them, thus helping the
robot go places.

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THE ‘FEET’
• For a moving object to be stable, you need at
least 3 contact points with the surface on
which it is moving.
• For e.g. in a car, you have four wheels, but in a
bicycle, there are only two wheels.
• A cyclist can control the bicycle only when he
is cycling, but if he stops he can’t balance the
cycle without resting one of his feet on the
ground.
• In our mobile robot, we will have 2 wheels
and one caster wheel touching the ground. A
caster wheel has a small round sphere, which
rolls freely on the ground. It is passive and

Basic Components
of Robot - Muscles
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THE ‘MUSCLES’
• A robot also has muscles. They are known as
actuators.
• The actuator helps the brain of the robot to
respond to the surrounding environment.
• It helps the robot to move its hands
(grippers), and its feet (wheels and the
castor).
• The robots that you will be making consist of
DC (direct current) motors and servo motors
as electrical actuators.

Lecture-Slide-4.1.1-Introduction-to-Robots-Part-1.pptx

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