2. 2
What is Robot?
• Powered by Electricity.
• Programmed to carry out certain tasks, like cleaning,
etc.
• Senses the environment using sensors and reacts
accordingly on its own.
3. 3
Classification of Robots
• A robot can be controlled by humans, either directly,
or remotely, from a place far away.
• A robot can take decisions and work entirely on its
own; such robots are called ‘autonomous robots’.
• here also exist robots that can move from one place
to another; they are known as ‘mobile robots’.
• There are robots, autonomous robots, mobile
robots, and then, there are autonomous mobile
robots like obstacle avoiding robots.
12. 12
THE ‘HANDS’
• Robot hands are known as end-effectors.
• There different types of end effectors for different
purposes.
• The most common type is a gripper. A gripper allows
the robot to hold objects, carry them, and then
release them.
• Grippers come in many sizes and styles so that the
correct ones can be used according to the work to be
done.
15. 15
THE ‘FEET’
• Robots need something that will help in moving
around.
• Mobile robots move with the help of wheels
(generally, but not necessarily).
• These wheels are attached to the DC motors
(actuators) that turn them, thus helping the robot go
places.
17. 17
THE ‘FEET’
• For a moving object to be stable, you need at least 3
contact points with the surface on which it is moving.
• For e.g. in a car, you have four wheels, but in a
bicycle, there are only two wheels.
• A cyclist can control the bicycle only when he is
cycling, but if he stops he can’t balance the cycle
without resting one of his feet on the ground.
• In our mobile robot, we will have 2 wheels and one
caster wheel touching the ground. A caster wheel
has a small round sphere, which rolls freely on the
ground. It is passive and can move in any direction.
19. 19
THE ‘MUSCLES’
• A robot also has muscles. They are known as
actuators.
• The actuator helps the brain of the robot to respond
to the surrounding environment.
• It helps the robot to move its hands (grippers), and
its feet (wheels and the castor).
• The robots that you will be making consist of DC
(direct current) motors and servo motors as electrical
actuators.
