Robots and its fuction , types -Reqs1-3.ppt
- 1. Merit Badge Robotics Powerpoint Presentation Developed by: Marilyn Farrand, Troop 148 - Charlotte, NC
- 2. What is a robot? Robot comes from the Czech word robota, meaning drudgery or slave-like labor.
- 3. Why Use Robots? Most robots are designed to be a helping hand. They help people with tasks that would be difficult, dirty, dangerous, or dull for a human Can carry very heavy loads Do not get bored doing the same job over and over again, 24 hours a day. Have been proven to increase productivity. .
- 4. What are the 7 broad areas often Using Robots? 1. Dangerous environment 2. Industrial 3. Entertainment and Leisure 4. Space 5. Research 6. Underwater 7. Medical
- 5. Dangerous Environments Carrying out bomb disposal Collecting data from volcanoes Exploring Military Rescue
- 6. Dangerous Environments Predator flown via remote control by airmen on the ground flies up to 25,000 feet. Used to conduct reconnaissance and attack operations; takes real-time photos of troop movements on ground. Soldier Rescue Air Force Predator (Aerial Vehicle) Designed for Firefighter Rescue Uses its arms to identify and pick up people who might have passed out from smoke and fumes.
- 7. Industrial Robots A typical industrial robot is a robot arm with several independent joints and you will see them welding, painting and handling heavy materials.. ‘Pick and place’ robots can move products from a conveyor belt to package them at very quick speeds.
- 8. Industrial Robots An AGV is a mobile robot that follows markers or wires in the floor, or uses vision or lasers. An example of a mobile robot that is in common use today is the automated guided vehicle (AGV)
- 9. Industrial Robots Robots are very useful in food processing since it needs to be done in a germ-free environment. Robotic Paint Sprayer Used for stacking products on pallets for shipping and storage.
- 10. Entertainment & Leisure Robots
- 11. Space Robots NASA is constantly developing and producing robots which can perform maintenance in space – especially on its International Space Station. 2003 Rover landing on Mars
- 12. Space Robots R2 is able to use the same tools station crew members use. In the future, the greatest benefits of humanoid robots in space may be as assistants or stand-in for astronauts during spacewalks or for tasks too difficult or dangerous for humans. Humanoid robot joined crew of International Space Station
- 13. Research Robots One important area of robotics research is to enable the robot to cope with its environment Honda is the company that is spending a great deal of money developing research robots, such as the Asimo show on left. ASIMO moves like we do and could be useful to help the elderly or people in wheelchairs. It can answer the door, pick up the phone or get a cup of tea.
- 14. Underwater Robots Underwater robots are often remote controlled vehicles with thrusters for maneuvering and robot arms for grabbing. They are particularly useful in the oil industry for welding and valve maintenance on oilrigs. Robotuna used for exploration
- 15. Medical Robots In laboratories, used too transport biological or chemical samples between instruments. Used in minimal invasive surgical procedures that reduce trauma in surgery Prosthetics.
- 16. Future Medical Robots Scientists believe that tiny robots (called “nanorobots”) will be developed which will be used in patients’ bloodstreams to cure illness.
- 17. Similarities and Differences Remote-Control Devices Telerobots Autonomous robots Physical link between controller and object being controlled No physical connection to the remotely operated system (i.e. WiFI). Requires remote sensory feedback Makes decisions based on programming and sensory feedback. Controlled by an internal computer. Human operator is controlling the device without physically touching it Human operator is controlling the device without physically touching it Work for an extended period without human intervention Short Distance Any Distance Any Distance Requires remote camera or interactive component to sense what is happening on the remote end of the system Gains information and about the surrounding environment and adapt to changes.
- 18. Methods To Move Other than by tracks & wheels Flying Robots Swimming Robots Walking Robots Climbing Robots Adhesive bond Electrostatic bond
- 19. Robotics and First Aid Basics Prevention of Injuries: Dress appropriately and wear safety protection, such as goggles and ear plugs. Do not wear loose fitting clothing, hanging jewelry, long hair, or anything else that could get caught in equipment. Work in well-ventilated areas Do not drink or eat in the work area. Have a fire extinguisher nearby Work under proper supervision as required.
- 20. Robotics and First Aid Basics First Aid: Minor cuts & scrapes: flush w/ clean water for >=5 minutes or until foreign matter is out. Apply antibiotic ointment (if no allergies), cover with dry sterile bandages. Chemical burns: quickly brush off w/ gloved hand as much of chemical as possible. Flush area w/ tap water. 1st degree or minor burns: hold under cold water or apply cool wet compresses until pain eases. Cover loosely w/ sterile gauze and bandages. Foreign object in eye: do not rub; blink eyes for tears flush out. If that doesn’t work, flush w/ clean running water or from bottle. **For more serious injuries, seek immediate medical attention.
- 21. Other Safety Precautions Most serious injuries are when a person gets too close to the machinery. Stay outside the 3 foot operating radius when robotics are in use. Some machines have sensors to detect human presence and automatically stop operating. Before beginning to build, fix, or work on moving parts, make sure the energy sources are all disconnected.
- 22. Safety at Competitions Always wear eye protection, such as safety glasses. Wear ear protection since the noise is extreme at these events. Dress appropriately and apply basic first aid techniques if injury occurs.
- 23. MAJOR FIELDS OF ROBOTICS 1. Human-robotic interface 2. Mobility or Locomotion 3. Manipulation 4. Programming 5. Sensors and Perception
- 24. Human-robotic interface How does the robot and operator communicate with each other? The Interface is HOW the human operator controls the robot. Examples. a) Controller for a Xbox or Wii game b) Computer keyboard used to program a robot.
- 25. Mobility or Locomotion How does the robot move? Some only need to move arms or grippers Others need to be completely mobile and move from place to place Examples. a) A robotic arm rotates and stops at a specific position to paint car parts b) An operator directs a Sedway personal transporter to move from one location to another.
- 26. Manipulation How does the robot physically handle objects? Examples. a) Mechanical claw picks up & transports objects. b) Robotic arm w/ mechanical grippers load candy into boxes. c) Robotic hand welds a seam on a car and paints the car.
- 27. Programming How the operator commands the robot to do what needs to be done. Software is written in the computer’s language for what the robot understands. Some advanced program allows for the robot to learn and adapt to changes in the environment.
- 28. Sensors and Perception Robots rely on sensors to get information about their surroundings to determine where it is and what it should do next. Examples. a) Ultrasonic sensors determines the distance of objects by emitting sound pulses (too high humans to hear), and then measuring the time delay to detect the sound pulse echo. Used in submarine navigation since it works in the dark.
- 29. Sensors and Perception Examples. b) Light sensors can be used for simple navigation by allowing a robot to follow a line, such as w/ AGVs. Other robots navigate using infrared light (the same invisible light used in your TV remote control. c) Touch sensors help otherwise blind robots with navigation: feelers, contact switches, bump sensors. . .all let a robot know when it has made contact with walls or objects. i.e. Robotic vacuums d) Radio signal sensors let robots communicate with each other at a distance. Electromagnetic sensors are used by robotic lawnmowers to stay within the bounds of the yard.