iOS Bootcamp: learning to create awesome apps on iOS using Swift (Lecture 02)
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The document provides an introduction to the Swift programming language, highlighting its features such as strong typing, automatic reference counting, and modern syntax. It covers basic programming concepts including variables, constants, strings, arrays, and control flow statements, as well as the structure of functions in Swift. The content emphasizes Swift's interoperability with Objective-C and its design aimed at enhancing the experience for new iOS developers.
iOS Bootcamp: learning to create awesome apps on iOS using Swift (Lecture 02)
- 1. Introduction to Swift Lecture 02 Jonathan R. Engelsma, Ph.D.
- 2. TOPICS • Swift Language Overview • Our first program! • Variables and constants • Strings • CollectionTypes • Control Flow • Functions
- 3. THE SWIFT PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE • A surprise introduced by Apple @ WWDC in June 2014. • An industrial-quality systems programming language that is as expressive and enjoyable to use as a scripting language. • Seamless access to existing Cocoa frameworks. • Successor to legacy Objective-C language, but provides mix- and-match interoperability with Objective-C code.
- 4. WHY A NEW LANGUAGE? • Easier for new programmers to get up to speed in iOS development. • New language was necessary in order to ensure compatibility with existing frameworks. • Easier to create a new language that feels modern, but still adapts to Objective-C / C conventions.
- 5. SWIFT CHARACTERISTICS • Compiled: source —> bytecodes, not interpreted. • Strong and static typing: types are clearly identified and cannot change (e.g. compiler generates faster safer code). • Automatic ref counting: objects are automatically freed from memory when there are no more references. • Name-spaced: makes our code easier to coexist with other people’s code.
- 6. OUR OBLIGATORY FIRST PROGRAM! • a complete Swift program! • no imports / includes! • no main program - code written at global scope becomes the entry point. • No semicolons!
- 7. CONSTANTS • Use the “let” statement to define constants. • values doesn’t need to be known at compile time, but can be assigned only once. • value assigned must be the same type as the variable name. • Types can be implicit or explicit.
- 8. VARIABLES • Use the “var” statement to define variables - values can be mutated! • value assigned must be the same type as the variable name. • Types can be implicit or explicit. • Type conversion is explicit.
- 9. STRINGS • String type is an ordered collection of Character:“hello, world” • Bridged to NSString in Objective-C. • String is a value type: copied when passed to function or method. (different than NSString in this regard!) • Strings defined with var can be mutated, strings defined with let cannot be mutated!
- 10. STRINGS • concatenation: can be accomplished with the + operator • interpolation: can construct new strings from a mix of values/ expressions. using (). • Compare using == operator. • Use the hasPrefix / hasSuffix methods to check how a string starts/ends.
- 11. STRINGS
- 12. ARRAYS IN SWIFT • Arrays store ordered lists of values • All values in a given array are of the same type • Values are accessed via methods, properties and subscripting.
- 13. ARRAYS
- 14. DICTIONARIES IN SWIFT • Dictionaries store multiple values of the same type • Each value is associated with a unique key • Do not have to be in a specified order • Use just like a real world dictionary: e.g. when you want to look up the definition of a particular key value • Keys must be hashable
- 15. DICTIONARIES
- 16. CONTROL FLOW • for-in statements:
- 17. CONTROL FLOW • while & do-while statements:
- 18. CONTROL FLOW • if / if-else
- 19. SWITCH STATEMENT • Similar to C syntax, but with some notable differences: • No need to use break statements! • No implicit fall through • Each case must contain at least one executable statement • Case condition can be scalar, range, or tuple! • Case condition can actually bind values.
- 20. CONTROL FLOW • switch statement
- 21. FUNCTIONS • Self-contained chunks of code that perform a specific task. • Functions are typed by the return type and type of the parameters. • Swift supports first-class functions, e.g. functions can be passed as arguments and serve as return values. • Functions in Swift can be nested. • Swift functions can have multiple return values.
- 22. FUNCTIONS
- 23. FUNCTIONS
- 24. FUNCTIONS Returning multiple values from a function:
- 25. FUNCTIONS • So far, all the functions we’ve seen defined what are known as local parameter names. E.g. they are only referred to in the function implementation. • Sometimes its useful to name parameters when you call a function. These are called external parameter names.
- 26. FUNCTIONS • external parameter names:
- 27. FUNCTIONS • shorthand for external parameter names:
- 28. FUNCTIONTYPES • Variable that refer to functions can be defined:
- 29. FUNCTIONTYPES • Functions can be passed as parameters:
- 30. FUNCTIONTYPES • Functions can be returned from functions:
- 31. NESTED FUNCTIONS • We can rewrite the previous examples with nested funcs: