Lecture2 (9).ppt
- 1. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
- 2. Agenda • What is AI? • Foundations of AI • History of AI • Types of AI • Risks and Benefits of AI
- 3. History of Artificial Intelligence
- 4. Types of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence can be divided in various types, there are mainly two types of main categorization which are based on capabilities and based on functionally of AI. Following is flow diagram which explain the types of AI.
- 5. AI type-1: Based on Capabilities Weak AI or Narrow AI: Narrow AI is a type of AI which is able to perform a dedicated task with intelligence.The most common and currently available AI is Narrow AI in the world of Artificial Intelligence. Narrow AI cannot perform beyond its field or limitations, as it is only trained for one specific task. Hence it is also termed as weak AI. Narrow AI can fail in unpredictable ways if it goes beyond its limits. Apple Siriis a good example of Narrow AI, but it operates with a limited pre-defined range of functions General AI: General AI is a type of intelligence which could perform any intellectual task with efficiency like a human. The idea behind the general AI to make such a system which could be smarter and think like a human by its own. Currently, there is no such system exist which could come under general AI and can perform any task as perfect as a human. The worldwide researchers are now focused on developing machines with General AI.
- 6. AI type-1: Based on Capabilities Super AI: Super AI is a level of Intelligence of Systems at which machines could surpass human intelligence, and can perform any task better than human with cognitive properties. It is an outcome of general AI. Some key characteristics of strong AI include capability include the ability to think, to reason,solve the puzzle, make judgments, plan, learn, and communicate by its own. Super AI is still a hypothetical concept of Artificial Intelligence. Development of such systems in real is still world changing task.
- 7. Artificial Intelligence type-2: Based on functionality Reactive Machines Purely reactive machines are the most basic types of Artificial Intelligence. Such AI systems do not store memories or past experiences for future actions. These machines only focus on current scenarios and react on it as per possible best action. IBM's Deep Blue system is an example of reactive machines. Google's AlphaGo is also an example of reactive machines. Limited Memory Limited memory machines can store past experiences or some data for a short period of time. These machines can use stored data for a limited time period only. Self-driving cars are one of the best examples of Limited Memory systems. These cars can store recent speed of nearby cars, the distance of other cars, speed limit, and other information to navigate the road.
- 8. Artificial Intelligence type-2: Based on functionality Theory of Mind Theory of Mind AI should understand the human emotions, people, beliefs, and be able to interact socially like humans. This type of AI machines are still not developed, but researchers are making lots of efforts and improvement for developing such AI machines. Self-Awareness Self-awareness AI is the future of Artificial Intelligence. These machines will be super intelligent, and will have their own consciousness, sentiments, and self-awareness. These machines will be smarter than human mind. Self-Awareness AI does not exist in reality still and it is a hypothetical concept.
- 9. Risks of Artificial Intelligence • High Cost: • Can't think out of the box • No feelings and emotions • Increase dependency on machines • No Original Creativity • AI is Unsustainable • Lesser Jobs
- 10. Risks of Artificial Intelligence • High Cost The hardware and software requirement of AI is very costly as it requires lots of maintenance to meet current world requirements. • Can't think out of the box Even we are making smarter machines with AI, but still they cannot work out of the box, as the robot will only do that work for which they are trained, or programmed. • No feelings and emotions AI machines can be an outstanding performer, but still it does not have the feeling so it cannot make any kind of emotional attachment with human, and may sometime be harmful for users if the proper care is not taken.
- 11. Risks of Artificial Intelligence • Increase dependency on machines With the increment of technology, people are getting more dependent on devices and hence they are losing their mental capabilities. • No Original Creativity As humans are so creative and can imagine some new ideas but still AI machines cannot beat this power of human intelligence and cannot be creative and imaginative.
- 12. Risks of Artificial Intelligence • AI is Unsustainable Intelligent machines have characteristically high computing powers contributed by an array of several processers. These computer chips have rare earth materials like Selenium as a major constituent. Besides, the batteries of such machines run on Lithium, again a rare element in earth’s crust. The increased mining of these materials is irreversibly damaging our environment at a rapid pace. Moreover, they consume huge amounts of power to function, that is putting severe pressure on our power plants and again harming the environment. • Lesser Jobs There is no doubt that machines do routine and repeatable tasks much better than humans. Many businesses would prefer machines instead of humans to increase their profitability, thus reducing the jobs that are available for the human workforce.