George Cross Electromagnetism Electric Field Lecture27 (2)
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Chapter 27 of the physics course at Antelope Valley College covers the electric field, including models of electric fields, the effects of multiple point charges, and continuous charge distributions. It addresses the principles of superposition, motion of charged particles and dipoles in electric fields, and visual representations through electric field lines. The chapter includes quizzes and problem-solving strategies related to these topics.
George Cross Electromagnetism Electric Field Lecture27 (2)
- 1. General Physics Physics 120 Chapter 27: THE ELECTRIC FIELD Antelope Valley College Math & Sciences Dept George Cross
- 2. TODAYS LECTURE • THE ELECTRIC FIELD – Electric Field Models – The Electric Field of Multiple Point Charges – The Electric Field of a Continuous Charge Distribution – The Electric Fields of Rings, Disks, Planes, and Spheres – The Parallel-Plate Capacitor – Motion of a Charged Particle in an Electric Field – Motion of a Dipole in an Electric Field
- 3. CHAPTER 27 QUIZ 1. Which statement/s is/are not true? • The electric field obeys the principle of superposition. • The tangent to an electric field line at a point gives the direction of the field at that point. • The density of electric field lines is directly proportional to the strength of the field. • Negative charges are sources of electric field lines and positive charges are sinks of electric field lines. • Electric fields are what you find in PlayStation football and soccer games.
- 4. CHAPTER 27 QUIZ 2. An electric dipole in a uniform electric field experiences • Happiness and excitement • only a net external force. • only a torque. • both a net external force and a torque. • neither a net external force nor a torque. • answer depends on the strength of the field
- 5. 3. Choose the correct statement/s concerning electric field lines: a.) field lines may cross b). field lines are close together where the field is large c). field lines point away from negative charge d). a point charge released from rest moves along a field line e). field lines are made with white chalk f). none of these are correct
- 6. 4. What device provides a practical way to produce a uniform electric field? a). A Cathodic Ray Tube b). An Infinite line of charge c). An infinite sheet of charge d). A parallel plate capacitor e). X-Box f). A battery
- 7. 5. Which of these charge distributions did not have its electric field calculated in detail in Chapter 27? a. A line of charge. . b. A ring of charge. . c. A plane of charge d. A parallel-plate capacitor e. They were all calculated
- 8. CHAPTER 27 QUIZ 1. Which statement/s is/are not true? • The electric field obeys the principle of superposition. • The tangent to an electric field line at a point gives the direction of the field at that point. • The density of electric field lines is directly proportional to the strength of the field. • Negative charges are sources of electric field lines and positive charges are sinks of electric field lines. • Electric fields are what you find in PlayStation football and soccer games.
- 9. CHAPTER 27 QUIZ 2. An electric dipole in a uniform electric field experiences • Happiness and excitement • only a net external force. • only a torque. • both a net external force and a torque. • neither a net external force nor a torque. • answer depends on the strength of the field
- 10. 3. Choose the correct statement/s concerning electric field lines: a.) field lines may cross b). field lines are close together where the field is large c). field lines point away from negative charge d). a point charge released from rest moves along a field line e). field lines are made with white chalk f). none of these are correct
- 11. 4. What device provides a practical way to produce a uniform electric field? a). A Cathodic Ray Tube b). An Infinite line of charge c). An infinite sheet of charge d). A parallel plate capacitor e). X-Box f). A battery
- 12. 5. Which of these charge distributions did not have its electric field calculated in detail in Chapter 27? a. A line of charge. . b. A ring of charge. . c. A plane of charge d. A parallel-plate capacitor e. They were all calculated
- 13. Electric Field Models We can understand much of electrostatic and electrodynamic physics using 4 simple field models
- 14. Electric Field of a Point Charge For multiple charges: Fon q = F1on q + F2on q + F3on q + … Enet = Fon q/q = F1onq/q + F2on q/q + F3on q/q + … Enet = ΣEi (Principle of Superposition)
- 15. Simple Example of Superposition Principle
- 16. Limiting Cases & Typical Field Strengths • • • Near an object, electric field depends on object shape and charge distribution Far away from the object, it appears to be a point charge These are limiting cases. We will use limiting cases to help us understand and simplify our discussion during class
- 17. Example of strong electric field: ionizes the gas inside the field
- 18. The Electric Field of Multiple Point Charges • Superposition Principle allows us to sum electric fields from all charges • Often easier to break them into components and sum them for each unit vector, i,j,k • See Problem Solving Strategy on p. 820 & example on p. 821
- 21. The Electric Field of a Dipole • An electric dipole is two equal but opposite charges separated by a small distance s
- 22. The Electric Field of a Dipole •An electric dipole is two equal but opposite charges separated by a small distance •May be permanent or induced •Has zero net charge •Has an electric field
- 23. This is true for any point along the X-axis.
- 24. Dipole Moment Units of dipole moment are Cm
- 25. The Electric Field of a Dipole • An electric dipole is two equal but opposite charges separated by a small distance s • Dipole moment p = qs
- 26. The Electric Field of a Dipole • An electric dipole is two equal but opposite charges separated by a small distance s • Dipole moment p = qs Are we violating Coulombs Law by Having an r3 in the Equation? • Field of a dipole drops off with distance much more quickly than a point charge (Why? It is electrically neutral.) Coulomb’s Law deals with point charges, not dipoles.
- 27. Field Lines and Field Vectors Another way to visualize an electric field is to draw field lines instead of field vectors like we did in Chapter 26. For a point charge, the field lines were straight in to the center or straight out from the center. For a dipole field lines are curved.
- 28. Electric Field Lines • Continuous curves drawn tangent to field vectors, therefore, field vector is tangent to field line • Spacing indicates field strength – Closely spaced – strong field – Widely spaced – weak field • Electric field lines never cross • Electric field lines start from positive charges and end on negative charges • Draw arrows along field lines to indicate direction • Just because there is no field line drawn at a specific point doesn’t mean that there is no field there. This is only a way to represent field
- 29. Using a Test Charge to Determine the Direction of the Force Due to the Dipole Electric Field Field lines follow the direction of the force measured (or equivalently – the electric field vectors).
- 30. Visualizing the Electric Field of a Dipole Force is parallel to field vectors
- 31. Using a Test Charge to Determine the Direction of the Force Due to Multiple Charges
- 32. Electric Field of a Continuous Charge • We will view a collection of atoms making up an extended 3-D object as continuous matter. This discussion will be based upon this view. • Any charged metal object will, since it is a conductor, be uniformly charged over its entire surface – we will consider this to be continuous charge (we will assume it is uniformly charged unless specified otherwise) • Use Q for the total charge on the metal object
- 33. Linear Charge Density Linear charge density units are C/m
- 34. Surface Charge Density Surface charge density units are C/m2
- 35. Finding Electric Field of a Line Charge
- 36. Finding Electric Field of a Line Charge Check out Problem Solving Strategy on page 826
- 37. Electric Field of an Infinite Line of Charge • Decreases more slowly than for a point charge (1/r) • This will be approximately true for any r<<L – The field is defined by the closest charges to the point of interest – Outlying points too far away to have much effect • Realistic finite line charges can be approximated using the equation above
- 38. Electric Field For an Infinite Line of Charge
- 40. Electric Field For a Ring of Charge
- 41. Electric Field For a Ring of Charge
- 43. Electric Field For a Disk of Charge
- 44. Electric Field For a Plane of Charge
- 45. Electric Field For a Plane of Charge
- 47. Electric Field For a Sphere of Charge
- 49. The Parallel Plate Capacitor
- 50. The Parallel Plate Capacitor
- 53. Motion of a Charged Particle in an Electric Field • Established forces on a charge in an electric field • Net force means acceleration (motion) • F = ma = mv2/r = qE • a = qE/m = constant if field is uniform • Motion in a non-uniform field can be very complicated • One simple example of motion in a nonuniform field is orbital motion such as a negatively charged particle around a positive charge
- 54. Motion of a Charged Particle in an Electric Field
- 55. Circular Motion of a Charge F = |q|E = mv2/r
- 56. Motion of a Dipole in an Electric Field
- 57. A Sample of Permanent Dipoles Align to the Electric Field
- 58. Motion of a Dipole in an Electric Field
- 59. Examples of Dipoles in a Non-Uniform Field Dipoles in a non-uniform electric field will experience a net force.
- 60. Backup Slides